Public budgets

Italy: public budget

What Italy's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2023

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2023's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.08T · 46.5% of GDP
Spending
$1.24T · 53.6% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$164.32B · -7.1% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Italy, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Italy, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection39.1$485.87B
General public services13.8$171.1B
Health12.2$151B
Economic affairs10.8$134.55B
Housing and community amenities8.3$102.76B
Education7.3$91.21B
Public order and safety3.2$39.15B
Defence2.2$27.59B
Environmental protection1.6$20.14B
Recreation, culture and religion1.5$19.26B
Social protection$485.87B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age64.7$314.55B
Survivors11.2$54.45B
Sickness and disability8$38.83B
Family and children6.7$32.35B
Social exclusion n.e.c.4.4$21.3B
Unemployment4.3$20.92B
Social protection n.e.c.0.5$2.44B
Housing0.2$835.84M
R&D Social protection0$182.74M
General public services$171.1B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Public debt transactions50.7$86.77B
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs25.8$44.18B
General services12.2$20.79B
Basic research7.6$13.06B
General public services n.e.c.2.4$4.13B
Foreign economic aid1$1.79B
R&D General public services0.2$373.05M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Health$151B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services41$61.89B
Outpatient services37.2$56.14B
Medical products, appliances and equipment13.4$20.22B
Public health services4.7$7.15B
Health n.e.c.2$3.06B
R&D Health1.7$2.54B
Economic affairs$134.55B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport38.2$51.35B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs26.3$35.39B
Mining, manufacturing and construction13.7$18.44B
Fuel and energy8.1$10.84B
R&D Economic affairs4.9$6.57B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.2$5.63B
Other industries2$2.67B
Communication1.8$2.37B
Economic affairs n.e.c.1$1.31B
Housing and community amenities$102.76B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Housing development91.6$94.13B
Community development4.2$4.34B
Street lighting2.4$2.45B
Water supply1.7$1.74B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.0.1$101.64M
R&D Housing and community amenities0$0
Education$91.21B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education43.5$39.64B
Pre-primary and primary education35$31.9B
Tertiary education9.8$8.9B
Subsidiary services to education5.5$5.04B
Education n.e.c.3.9$3.6B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$1.51B
Education not definable by level0.4$357.91M
R&D Education0.3$271.41M
Public order and safety$39.15B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services58.4$22.85B
Law courts19$7.43B
Fire-protection services11.6$4.54B
Prisons10.6$4.15B
Public order and safety n.e.c.0.4$171.93M
R&D Public order and safety0$7.57M
Defence$27.59B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence91.8$25.32B
Foreign military aid6.4$1.78B
Defence n.e.c.1.4$380.62M
R&D Defence0.3$81.1M
Civil defence0.1$32.44M
Environmental protection$20.14B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management59.1$11.91B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape15.1$3.05B
R&D Environmental protection9.9$2B
Pollution abatement8.8$1.77B
Waste water management4.6$931M
Environmental protection n.e.c.2.4$485.5M
Recreation, culture and religion$19.26B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services39.3$7.57B
Recreational and sporting services35.2$6.77B
Broadcasting and publishing services18.5$3.56B
Religious and other community services6.2$1.2B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion0.4$78.93M
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.0.4$71.37M

Where the money comes from

Italy, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Italy, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income and wealth32.3$347.97B
Taxes on sales, production and imports29.2$315.13B
Social contributions26.9$289.92B
Sales, fees and charges5$54.1B
Capital transfers and taxes received2.5$26.49B
Other transfers received2.4$25.97B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.6$17.64B
Subsidies received0$317.9M
Taxes on sales, production and imports$315.13B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Not broken down, or fitting no category51.9$163.65B
Value added tax48.1$151.49B

Over the years

44.2 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99544.7 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99646.3 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99845.3 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99944 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00043.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00143.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00243.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00544 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00645.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00745.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00846 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00945.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01045.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01147.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01248 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01347.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01447.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01546.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01646.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01847 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01947.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02246.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02347.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02448 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02551.4 % of GDPSpending · 1,99551.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99649.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748 % of GDPSpending · 1,99847.1 % of GDPSpending · 1,99946.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00146.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00247 % of GDPSpending · 2,00346.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00447.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00547.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,00646.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,00747.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,00851.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00949.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,01049 % of GDPSpending · 2,01150.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01250.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,01350.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01450.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01549 % of GDPSpending · 2,01648.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,01748.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01848.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,01956.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,02056 % of GDPSpending · 2,02154.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,02253.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02350.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Italy: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Italy: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99544.251.4
1,99644.751.3
1,99746.349.3
1,9984548
1,99945.347.1
2,0004446.4
2,00143.947.1
2,00243.646.5
2,00343.847
2,00443.246.7
2,0054347.1
2,0064447.6
2,00745.346.6
2,00845.247.8
2,0094651.1
2,01045.649.8
2,01145.549
2,01247.550.5
2,0134850.9
2,01447.950.7
2,01547.850.2
2,01646.649
2,01746.348.8
2,01846.148.3
2,0194748.4
2,02047.456.8
2,02147.156
2,02246.854.9
2,02346.553.6
2,02447.150.4
2,02548
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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