Law

Roads (Scotland) Act 1984

United Kingdom · statute

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In force since 2024-01-01, as the publisher states.

Copy read on 2026-11-08. The page it was read from

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.

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Contents: 204 provisions
  1. Title and introductory text
  2. 1 Powers and duties of local roads authorities.
  3. 2 Powers and duties of Secretary of State as roads authority: management and maintenance.
  4. 3 Power of Secretary of State to make advances to local roads authorities etc.
  5. 4 Agreements between authorities.
  6. 5 Trunk roads.
  7. 6 Local and private Act functions with respect to trunk roads.
  8. 7 General provision as to special roads.
  9. 8 Further provision as regards classification of traffic for purposes of special roads.
  10. 9 Supplementary orders relating to special roads.
  11. 10 Certain special roads to be trunk roads.
  12. 11 Classification of roads.
  13. 12 Powers as respects roads that cross or join public roads other than special roads.
  14. 12A Transitional power of Secretary of State as respects existing roads.
  15. 12B Transitional power of Secretary of State as respects proposed roads.
  16. 12C Transitional power of Secretary of State as respects special road schemes.
  17. 12D Application of section 112 to orders under sections 12A, 12B, 12C and 12E.
  18. 12E Further power of Secretary of State as respects proposed roads and special road schemes.
  19. 12F Further provisions as to orders.
  20. 13 Making up and maintenance of private roads.
  21. 14 Power to contribute to, or carry out, work on private roads.
  22. 15 Emergency work in relation to private roads.
  23. 16 Application for private road to become public road.
  24. 17 Security for private road works relating to housing.
  25. 18 Power of local roads authority to take over footpaths associated with development.
  26. 19 Construction of new roads by Secretary of State as roads authority.
  27. 20 Construction of new roads other than special roads by local roads authority; and entry of such new roads and of special roads in list of public roads.
  28. 20A Environmental assessment of certain road construction projects
  29. 20B Projects with significant transboundary effects
  30. 20C Environmental Impact Assessment Report
  31. 20D Co-ordination of assessments
  32. 20E Competent authority – avoidance of conflict of interest
  33. 20F Projects with significant transboundary effects
  34. 20G Monitoring measures
  35. 21 Requirement of consent for new roads built other than by roads authority.
  36. 22 Offences in relation to construction of new roads.
  37. 22A
  38. 22B
  39. 23 Power to stop up or temporarily close new road where construction consent absent or not conformed with.
  40. 24 Alteration of levels of public roads.
  41. 25 Provision of footways.
  42. 26 Pedestrian subways and footbridges.
  43. 27 Dual carriageways, roundabouts and refuges.
  44. 28 Fences etc. to safeguard persons using public roads.
  45. 29 Further provision as to fences.
  46. 30 Works for protecting roads against hazards of nature.
  47. 31 Drainage of roads.
  48. 32 Contributions to drainage works and flood prevention operations.
  49. 33 Snow gates.
  50. 34 Clearance of snow and ice.
  51. 35 Provision of lighting by roads authorities.
  52. 36 Construction of road humps by roads authority.
  53. 37 Consultation and local inquiries as regards road humps.
  54. 38 Regulations concerning construction and maintenance of road humps.
  55. 39 Status of road humps.
  56. 39A Powers to carry out traffic calming works.
  57. 39B Prescribing of works.
  58. 39BA Prescribing of works for anti-terrorism purposes
  59. 39C Status of works authorised by section 39A.
  60. 40 Interpretation of sections 36 to [39C].
  61. 41 Provision of cattle-grids and by-passes.
  62. 42 Removal of cattle-grids and discontinuance of by-passes.
  63. 43 Maintenance of cattle-grids and by-passes.
  64. 44 Exercise of powers in respect of cattle-grids etc. by agreement between neighbouring authorities.
  65. 45 Supersession of gates by cattle-grids.
  66. 46 Agreements for use of land for cattle-grids or by-passes.
  67. 47 Contributions towards expenditure of roads authorities in connection with cattle-grids.
  68. 48 Contributions towards expenditure on constructing or improving roads.
  69. 49 Provision of bus shelters, etc. by local roads authorities.
  70. 49A Power to install equipment for detection of traffic offences etc .
  71. 50 Planting of trees, shrubs and grass or other plants by roads authority.
  72. 51 Planting of trees, shrubs and grass or other plants by person other than roads authority.
  73. 52 Power to execute works to mitigate adverse effect of constructing or improving etc. road.
  74. 53 Agreements as to use of land near roads.
  75. 54 Power to instal refuse or storage bins in roads.
  76. 55 Provision of picnic sites for trunk roads etc.
  77. 55A Environmental assessment of certain road improvement projects
  78. 55B Application of section 20B
  79. 55C Offences
  80. 55D Offences by bodies corporate etc.
  81. 56 Control of works and excavations.
  82. 57 Dangerous works.
  83. 58 Occupation of parts of road for deposit of building materials etc.
  84. 59 Control of obstructions in roads.
  85. 60 Fencing and lighting of obstructions and excavations.
  86. 60A Safety measures: codes of practice
  87. 61 Granting of permission to place and maintain etc. apparatus under a road.
  88. 61A Charge for occupation of road.
  89. 61B Requirement for qualified supervisors and operatives
  90. 62 Temporary prohibition or restriction of traffic etc. on roads for reasons of public safety or convenience.
  91. 63 New access over verges and footways.
  92. 64 Use of appliances etc. on footways, footpaths and cycle tracks.
  93. 65 Regulation of drivers of horsedrawn carts etc.
  94. 66 Maintenance of vaults and cellars etc.
  95. 67 Power to direct that doors etc. should not open outward into road.
  96. 68 Power of roads authorities to stop up roads by order.
  97. 69 Stopping up of dangerous access from public road to land.
  98. 70 Stopping up of access to land from certain roads being constructed.
  99. 71 Provisions supplementary to sections 68 to 70.
  100. 72 Stopping up private access to land by agreement.
  101. 73 Expenses incurred under section 69 or by virtue of section 70 or 72.
  102. 74 Temporary provision of substitute road.
  103. 75 Bridges over and tunnels under navigable waters.
  104. 76 Provisions supplementary to section 75.
  105. 77 Discontinuation of operation of certain swing bridges.
  106. 78 Power to divert waters when constructing or improving public road etc.
  107. 79 Powers of roads authorities and bridge owners to enter into agreements.
  108. 80 Transfer to Secretary of State of privately maintainable bridges carrying trunk roads.
  109. 81 Transfer to special road authority of privately maintainable bridges carrying special roads.
  110. 81A Roads authority for boundary bridges.
  111. 82 Protection of bridges and railways.
  112. 83 Prevention of obstruction of view at corners, bends and junctions.
  113. 84 Determination of questions arising out of section 83.
  114. 85 Control of builders’ skips on road.
  115. 86 Removal of builders’ skips causing danger or obstruction.
  116. 87 Power to remove structures from roads.
  117. 88 Removal of projections which impede or endanger road users.
  118. 89 Removal of accidental obstructions from roads.
  119. 90 Restriction on placing bridges, beams, rails etc. over roads.
  120. 91 Prevention of danger to road from nearby vegetation and fences etc. or from retaining walls being inadequate.
  121. 92 Restriction on planting of trees etc. near carriageway.
  122. 93 Protection of road users from dangers near a road.
  123. 94 Power to fill in roadside ditches etc.
  124. 95 Deposit of mud from vehicles on roads.
  125. 96 Extraordinary expenses in repairing roads damaged by heavy vehicles etc.
  126. 97 Trading.
  127. 98 Control of stray and other animals on roads.
  128. 99 Prevention of flow of water etc. onto roads.
  129. 100 Damage to roads etc.
  130. 101 Placing rope, wire or other apparatus in road without adequate warning.
  131. 102 Ploughing of unenclosed land.
  132. 103 General provision as to acquisition of land.
  133. 104 Acquisition of land for construction, improvement or protection of public roads etc.
  134. 105 Further provision as regards acquisition of land for construction, improvement etc. of public roads.
  135. 106 Acquisition of land for mitigating adverse effects of construction of road.
  136. 107 Acquisition of land in connection with cattle-grids.
  137. 108 Acquisition of land for provision of picnic site.
  138. 109 Distance limits for purposes of compulsory acquisition.
  139. 110 General provisions as to acquisition of land.
  140. 111 Concurrent proceedings for special and trunk roads schemes and orders.
  141. 112 Transfer of property and liabilities upon road becoming or ceasing to be a trunk road.
  142. 113 Transfer of property and liabilities in connection with special roads etc.
  143. 113A Dissolution of certain bodies in consequence of order under section 9.
  144. 114 Transfers of officers and property in connection with lighting and bus shelters, etc.
  145. 115 Vesting of solum of stopped up road.
  146. 116 Right to compensation for damage from works.
  147. 117 Determination of disputes as to compensation.
  148. 118 Compensation where interest in land subject to heritable security.
  149. 119 Compensation for land acquired as service area for special road.
  150. 120 Duty to have regard to needs of disabled and blind in executing works etc.
  151. 120A Delegation by the Scottish Police Authority
  152. 121 Power to obtain road-making materials.
  153. 122 Saving for Coast Protection Act 1949.
  154. 123 Saving for obligation to obtain planning permission.
  155. 124 Power to conduct experiments as regards roads construction etc.
  156. 125 Extension of section 34 of Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.
  157. 126 Restricted roads: amendment of Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984.
  158. 127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  159. 128 Saving for, and extension of section 80 of, Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974.
  160. 129 Miscellaneous summary offences.
  161. 130 Offences by bodies corporate.
  162. 130A Fixed penalties for certain offences
  163. 131 Penalties and mode of trial.
  164. 132 Saving for operators of electronic communications code networks .
  165. 133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  166. 134 Extinguishment of rights of statutory undertakers to apparatus etc. in connection with schemes under section 7 and orders under section 9.
  167. 135 Restriction of powers of local authority in whom sewer is vested.
  168. 136 Contents of notices.
  169. 137 Service of notices.
  170. 138 Time for enforcing certain notices.
  171. 139 Holding of inquiries.
  172. 140 Powers of entry.
  173. 141 Power of roads authority to execute works etc. on default of person required to do so.
  174. 142 Power to require occupier to permit work to be executed by owner.
  175. 143 Regulations, orders and schemes.
  176. 143A “Developments of national significance” etc.: special procedure
  177. 144 Regulations for procedure in schemes and orders for special roads and trunk roads.
  178. 145 Revocation and variation of certain schemes and orders.
  179. 146 Application of Act to Crown land.
  180. 147 Recovery of costs of certain orders.
  181. 148 Exemption from stamp duty.
  182. 149 Interest on expenses.
  183. 150 Expenses.
  184. 151 Interpretation.
  185. 152 Further provision as to interpretation and certain ancillary powers.
  186. 153 Consequential provision.
  187. 154 Local enactments.
  188. 155 General adaptation of subordinate legislation etc.
  189. 156 Amendments, transitional provisions and repeals.
  190. 157 Short title, commencement and extent.
  191. SCHEDULE 1 Procedures for Making or Confirming Certain Orders and Schemes
  192. SCHEDULE 1A INFORMATION FOR INCLUSION IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORTS
  193. SCHEDULE 2 Validity and Date of Operation of Certain Orders and Schemes
  194. SCHEDULE 3 Classes of Traffic for Purposes of Special Roads
  195. SCHEDULE 4 Procedure for Determination by Roads Authority of Certain Questions in Connection with Cattle-Grids
  196. SCHEDULE 5 Distance Limits from Public Road for Purposes of Compulsory Acquisition
  197. SCHEDULE 6 Special Transitional Provisions for Trunk Roads
  198. SCHEDULE 7 Restricted Roads
  199. SCHEDULE 8 Penalties for Offences
  200. SCHEDULE 8A FIXED PENALTY OFFENCES
  201. SCHEDULE 8B FIXED PENALTIES FOR CERTAIN OFFENCES
  202. SCHEDULE 9 Minor and Consequential Amendments
  203. SCHEDULE 10 Transitional Provisions and Savings
  204. SCHEDULE 11 Repeals

Proposed changes to this act

No one has proposed a change to this act yet.

204 provisions

25 Provision of footways.

A roads authority shall provide, wherever it appears to them necessary or desirable for the safety or convenience of pedestrians so to do, proper and sufficient footways for public roads.

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26 Pedestrian subways and footbridges.

The roads authority may, for the purpose of making the crossing of a public road less dangerous for pedestrians or of protecting traffic along the road from danger, construct, light, and maintain subways under, or footbridges over, the road for the use of pedestrians.

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27 Dual carriageways, roundabouts and refuges.

The roads authority may construct and maintain works in the carriageway of a public road— (a) along any length of the road for separating a part which is to be used by traffic moving in one direction from a part which is to be used (whether at all times or at particular times only) by traffic moving in the other; (b) at junctions of the road for regulating the movement of traffic; or (c) for providing places of refuge for the protection of pedestrians crossing the road.

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28 Fences etc. to safeguard persons using public roads.

The roads authority may, for the purpose of safeguarding persons using a public road, provide and maintain such raised paving, pillars, walls, rails, fences or barriers as they think necessary at any of the following places— (a) between any of the following and any other of the following— (i) a footway; (ii) a footpath; (iii) a cycle track; (iv) a carriageway, (b) along a cycle track so as to segregate classes of users thereof, (c) where a footpath gives direct access to the road on the footpath at or near the point of access, or (d) along the sides of bridges, embankments or other dangerous parts of the road.

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29 Further provision as to fences.

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, the roads authority may erect and maintain— (a) fences or posts for the purpose of preventing access to a road or proposed road; and (b) fences, posts, stones or other markers for the purpose of delimiting the road or proposed road. (2) The powers conferred by subsection (1) above shall not be exercised so as to— (a) interfere with a fence or gate required for the purposes of agriculture; (b) obstruct a public right of way; (c) obstruct a means of access for the construction, formation or laying out of which planning permission has been granted under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 (general planning control) or under any enactment replaced by the said Part III; or (d) obstruct any means of access which was constructed, formed or laid out before 1st July 1948, unless it was so constructed, formed or laid out in contravention of restrictions in force under section 1 or 2 of the Restriction of Ribbon Development Act 1935.

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30 Works for protecting roads against hazards of nature.

Without prejudice to section 28 of this Act, but subject to section 31 thereof, the roads authority may, for the purpose of protecting a public road or proposed public road against snow, flood, landslide or other hazards of nature, provide and maintain such barriers or other works as they consider necessary.

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31 Drainage of roads.

(1) The roads authority may, for the purpose of draining a public road or proposed public road or of otherwise preventing surface water from flowing onto it— (a) construct or lay, in it or in land adjoining or lying near to it, such drains as they consider necessary; (b) erect and maintain barriers in it or in such land as aforesaid to divert surface water into or through any existing drain; (c) scour, cleanse and keep open all drains in it or in such land as aforesaid; (d) drain surface water from it into any inland waters (whether natural or artificial) or tidal waters. (2) Without prejudice to subsection (1)(c) above, where any drain referred to therein was constructed or laid by the roads authority, they shall scour, cleanse and keep it open. (3) Before carrying out any works under this section, the roads authority shall serve on the owner and the occupier of the land affected notice of the intention to do so, describing the proposed works, and informing them that they may object to the proposed works by notice to the authority within 28 days of service of the notice. (4) Where an owner or occupier of the land affected objects in accordance with subsection (3) above to the proposed works and the objection is not withdrawn, then— (a) if the roads authority is the Secretary of State, he shall not carry out the proposed works without having considered the objection; and (b) if the roads authority is a local roads authority, they shall not carry out the proposed works without the consent of the Secretary of State who may grant such consent either unconditionally or subject to such terms and conditions as he thinks fit and whose decision shall be final. (5) If a person, without the consent of the roads authority, alters, obstructs or interferes with any drain or barrier which has been constructed, laid or erected by the authority in exercise of their functions under subsection (1) above or which is under their control, then— (a) the authority may carry out any work of repair or reinstatement necessitated by his action and may recover from him the expenses reasonably incurred by them in so doing, and (b) without prejudice to their right to exercise that power, he commits an offence. (6) In the foregoing provisions of this section, except where the context otherwise requires, “drain” includes a ditch, gutter, watercourse, bridge, culvert, tunnel, pipe or holding pond and any pumping machinery associated with any of those things.

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32 Contributions to drainage works and flood prevention operations.

Where it appears to the roads authority that the execution of any drainage works under the Land Drainage (Scotland) Act 1958 or flood protection work under section 56 of the Flood Risk Management (Scotland) Act 2009 (asp 6) is desirable for the protection or enjoyment of a public road or proposed public road they may make such contributions as they think fit towards any expenses incurred in the execution and maintenance of those works.

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33 Snow gates.

(1) Gates (hereafter in this section referred to as “snow gates”) may be provided and maintained by the roads authority for the purpose of temporarily closing a road to vehicular traffic on any occasion when snow is rendering or has rendered that road unsafe for such traffic; and where in the opinion of a constable such an occasion has arisen as respects a road he (or, where the constable is a chief constable, a person acting on his behalf) may, until the road is once again safe for vehicular traffic, close and secure any snow gate on the road against all such traffic except that engaged in the provision or restoration of essential services. (2) In subsection (1) above— “constable” and “chief constable” shall be construed in accordance with section 99 of the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (asp 8) ; “engaged in the provision or restoration of essential services” means in the opinion of a constable so engaged; and “safe” means in such opinion safe.

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34 Clearance of snow and ice.

A roads authority shall take such steps as they consider reasonable to prevent snow and ice endangering the safe passage of pedestrians and vehicles over public roads.

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35 Provision of lighting by roads authorities.

(1) A local roads authority shall provide and maintain lighting for roads, or proposed roads, which are, or will be, maintainable by them and which in their opinion ought to be lit. (2) In subsection (1) above, the reference to roads, or proposed roads, which will be maintainable by the local roads authority does not include a reference to— (a) an existing road which is a prospective public road within the meaning of the Part IV of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991; (b) a new road in course of construction, or to be constructed, other than by or on behalf of the authority; or (c) a road which would be maintainable by them only if application were made to them under section 16(1) of this Act. (3) The Secretary of State may provide and maintain lighting for roads, or proposed roads, which are, or will be, maintainable by him. (4) A local roads authority may, within their area, provide and maintain lighting for any road, or proposed road, which in their opinion ought to be lit and as regards which no duty is imposed on them by subsection (1) above. (5) Without prejudice to the generality of this section and after giving 28 days notice to the owner or occupier of any land affected, a roads authority may, in acting under subsection (1), (3) or (4) above, fix to rails, walls or buildings fronting or abutting the road or proposed road, such lamps and related structures as they consider requisite. (6) No compensation shall be payable by a roads authority by reason only of— (a) the maintenance of lighting under subsection (1), (3) or (4) above; and (b) such fixing as is mentioned in subsection (5) above. (7) A person upon whom a notice has been served under subsection (5) above may within 28 days of such service refer the matter by summary application to the sheriff; and the decision of the sheriff on the matter shall be final.

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36 Construction of road humps by roads authority.

A roads authority may construct road humps in a road maintainable by them if— (a) the road is subject to a statutory speed limit for motor vehicles of 30 miles per hour or less; or (b) (whether or not the road is subject to such a limit)the road humps are authorised.

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37 Consultation and local inquiries as regards road humps.

(1) Where a roads authority propose to construct a road hump under section 36 of this Act, they shall consult with— (a) the chief constable of the Police Service of Scotland ; and (b) such other persons or bodies as may be prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State. (2) The roads authority shall also— (a) publish in one or more newspapers circulating in the area in which the road concerned is situated; and (b) place at appropriate points on that road, notice of the proposal stating the nature, dimensions and location of the proposed road hump and the address to which and the period within which any objections to the proposal may be sent. (3) The period stated in the notice under subsection (2) above shall be not less than 28 days beginning with the date on which notice is first published in accordance with paragraph (a) of that subsection. (4) The roads authority shall consider any objections sent to them in accordance with a notice under subsection (2) above and may, if they think fit, cause a local inquiry to be held. (5) Subsections (2) to (8) of section 210 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 (provisions as to inquiries) shall apply to an inquiry under subsection (4) above as they apply to a local inquiry under that section, but with such modifications as may be prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State. (6) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State shall consult such representative organisations as he thinks fit.

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38 Regulations concerning construction and maintenance of road humps.

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make such provision in relation to the construction and maintenance of road humps as appears to him to be necessary or expedient in the interests of safety and the free movement of traffic, and may in particular— (a) provide that road humps shall be constructed only on roads of such descriptions and in such circumstances as may be prescribed by the regulations; (b) impose requirements as to— (i) the nature, dimensions, location and spacing of road humps; (ii) the placing of signs of such type or character as may be so prescribed; (iii) the carrying out and maintenance of other ancillary or consequential works. (2) Before making any regulations under this section the Secretary of State shall consult such representative organisations as he thinks fit. (3) Regulations under this section shall not apply where a road hump is authorised but conditions attached by the Secretary of State to the authorisation may, in particular, relate to any of the matters with respect to which regulations may be made under this section.

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39 Status of road humps.

(1) Where a road hump conforms to regulations under section 38 of this Act and the further condition mentioned in subsection (2) below as being applicable is satisfied, the road hump shall not be treated as constituting an obstruction to the road but as part of the road, so that in particular— (a) the obligation of any person to maintain the road, and (b) the obligation of any person having power to break open the road to make good any damage or otherwise reinstate the road, extend to maintaining or, as the case may be, to making good any damage to, or otherwise reinstating, the road hump. (2) The further condition applicable is that either— (a) the road concerned is for the time being subject to a statutory speed limit for motor vehicles of 30 miles per hour or less; or (b) the road hump is authorised. (3) In relation to an authorised road hump the reference in subsection (1) above to conformity with regulations shall be construed as a reference to conformity with the conditions attached to the authorisation. (4) In so far as it does not apply apart from this subsection section 117 of the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991 (restricting road works following substantial works for roads purposes) applies in relation to the construction, maintenance and removal of a road hump as if the works were executed for road purposes and were mentioned in subsection (3) of that section and as if the person executing them were the promoting authority within the meaning of that section.

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39A Powers to carry out traffic calming works.

(1) A roads authority may, in a road maintainable by them, construct traffic calming works which— (a) are of a description prescribed by regulations under section 39B of this Act, or (b) are authorised, and may remove such works (whenever constructed). (2) A roads authority shall not exercise the powers conferred by subsection (1) above except in accordance with any requirements imposed by the regulations or authorisation concerned. (3) Requirements imposed by an authorisation given under this section may relate to any matter with respect to which regulations may be made under section 39B of this Act. (4) Nothing in this section shall prejudice any power of a roads authority to construct or remove traffic calming works which are neither of a description prescribed by regulations under section 39B of this Act nor authorised.

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39B Prescribing of works.

(1) The Secretary of State may make regulations— (a) prescribing any description of traffic calming works for the purposes of section 39A of this Act, and (b) making such provision (if any) as appears to him necessary or expedient in relation to the construction, maintenance and removal of works of a prescribed description. (2) Regulations under this section may in particular— (a) provide that works of a prescribed description shall be constructed only in roads of such descriptions and in such circumstances as may be prescribed by the regulations; (b) impose requirements as to— (i) the dimensions and location of works; (ii) the placing of signs; (iii) the carrying out and maintenance of ancillary or consequential works; (c) impose requirements as to consultation and publicity in respect of proposed works.

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39BA Prescribing of works for anti-terrorism purposes

(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) Regulations under section 39B of this Act may, if they are made for the purpose of, or in connection with, avoiding or reducing, or reducing the likelihood of, danger connected with terrorism within the meaning of section 1 of the Terrorism Act 2000 provide that, in such circumstances as the regulations may specify, works may be constructed or removed only with the consent of a police officer of such class as the regulations may specify.

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39C Status of works authorised by section 39A.

Works (whenever constructed) of a description prescribed by regulations under section 39B, or authorised under section 39A, of this Act, which conform to any requirements imposed by the regulations or authorisation shall not be treated as constituting an obstruction to the road but as part of the road, so that in particular— (a) the obligation of any person to maintain the road, and (b) the obligation of any person having power to break open the road to make good any damage or otherwise reinstate the road, extend to maintaining or, as the case may be, making good any damage to or otherwise reinstating the works.

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40 Interpretation of sections 36 to [39C].

In sections 36 to 39C of this Act— “authorised” means specially authorised by the Secretary of State; “motor vehicle” has the same meaning as in the Road Traffic regulation Act 1984; “road hump” means an artificial hump which is in, or on the surface of, a road and which is designed to control the speed of vehicles; and references to a road hump include references to any other works (including signs or lighting) required in connection with such a hump; . . . “statutory”, in relation to a speed limit, means having effect by virtue of an enactment other than section 84(1)(b) or (c) of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 (temporary and variable speed limits); and “traffic calming works”, in relation to a road, means works affecting the movement of vehicular or other traffic for the purpose of— (a) promoting safety (including avoiding or reducing, or reducing the likelihood of, danger connected with terrorism within the meaning of section 1 of the Terrorism Act 2000 (c. 11)), or (b) preserving or improving the environment through which the road runs.

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41 Provision of cattle-grids and by-passes.

(1) Where, whether on the representations of owners or occupiers of agricultural land or otherwise, and after such consultation with any such owners and occupiers as the roads authority consider requisite, it appears to the authority expedient so to do for controlling the passage of animals along a road, the authority may, subject to this section and sections 42 to 47 of this Act, provide and maintain a cattle-grid in the road, or partly in the road and partly in adjoining land; and such provision and maintenance may take place whether the road is in existence and open to public traffic or is a proposed road in course of construction. (2) Where the roads authority provide a cattle-grid under this Act they shall also provide, either by means of a gate or other works on the road (or proposed road) or by means of a by-pass, or partly by one of those means and partly by the other, facilities for the passage under proper control of animals and all other traffic unable to pass over the cattle-grid, being traffic entitled by law to go along the road (or, where the road is a proposed road, which will on completion of that road be so entitled); and the authority shall maintain the facilities so provided. (3) Subject to subsection (4) below, subsection (1) and (2) above do not confer power— (a) to place any part of a cattle-grid on land not forming part of the road and not belonging to the authority; or (b) to provide a by-pass over land not belonging to the authority, except in so far as is authorised by any such agreement as is provided for by section 46 of this Act. (4) Where, after complying with Schedule 4 to this Act, the authority determine, as respects any common or waste land adjoining the road or adjacent thereto, that it is expedient so to do, they may place any part of a cattle-grid, or provide a by-pass, on any of that land notwithstanding that the land does not form part of the road and does not belong to the authority. (5) Without prejudice to subsection (3) above, the authority shall not provide a by-pass along any part of a road other than the road for which the cattle-grid is being provided unless, after complying with Schedule 4 to this Act, they determine that it is expedient to provide that by-pass. (6) In this Act— “cattle-grid” means a device designed to prevent the passage of animals, or animals of any particular description, but to allow the passage of all or some other traffic, and includes any fence or other works necessary for securing the efficient operation of the said device; and “by-pass”, in relation to a cattle-grid provided for any road, means a way, over land not comprised within the limits of the road, for the traffic for which the by-pass is provided, with a public right of passage there-over for that traffic, or (if any part of the by-pass is provided along an existing road) for that traffic and for any other traffic entitled to use the road before the by-pass was provided. (7) The roads authority may provide and maintain on a by-pass any gate or other works necessary for the proper control of traffic and the efficient operation of the cattle-grid for which the by-pass is provided. (8) The roads authority may alter or improve any cattle-grid, by-pass, gate or other works provided under this section, but not so as to prevent traffic of any description which before the alteration or improvement could lawfully have gone along the road (either by passing over the cattle-grid or by going through any gate or along any by-pass provided under subsection (2) above) from so going along the road. (9) Without prejudice to subsection (1) and (2) of this section, in subsections (3) to (7) of this section and in Schedule 4 to this Act references to a road shall be construed as including references to a proposed road.

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42 Removal of cattle-grids and discontinuance of by-passes.

(1) Where it appears to the roads authority, after such consultation with owners and occupiers of agricultural land as the authority consider requisite, that a cattle-grid provided under this Act is no longer required, the authority may remove the cattle-grid and any gate or other works on the road which have been provided for use in connection with the cattle-grid, and shall make good the site thereof. (2) Where a by-pass has been provided for use in connection with a cattle-grid and the authority remove the cattle-grid, they may direct that the by-pass shall be discontinued and may, where they give such a direction, remove all or any of the gates or other works provided for the purposes of the by-pass. (3) If a direction under subsection (2) above so provides, then subject to subsection (4) below, as from such date as may be specified in the direction the public right of passage over the by-pass shall be extinguished. (4) Where the whole or any part of a by-pass has been provided along an existing road then— (a) notwithstanding subsection (3) above, a direction under subsection (2) above shall not extinguish any right of passage which existed before the by-pass was provided; and (b) if the cattle-grid for which the by-pass was provided is removed, as soon as may be thereafter the authority shall (whether or not they direct that the by-pass shall be discontinued, but without prejudice to their powers under subsection (2) above to remove gates or other works if they so direct) remove so much of the gates or other works provided for the purpose of the by-pass as obstructs the exercise of the right of passage which existed before the by-pass was provided.

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43 Maintenance of cattle-grids and by-passes.

For the purposes of maintenance and management (including any liability in respect of loss, injury or damage arising therefrom) any cattle-grid, by-pass, gate or other works provided under sections 41 to 47 of this Act shall be deemed to be vested in the roads authority.

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44 Exercise of powers in respect of cattle-grids etc. by agreement between neighbouring authorities.

(1) Where a public road is intersected, joined or continued by a road for which some authority other than the roads authority for the first-mentioned road are the roads authority, the following provisions of this section shall have effect. (2) The two authorities may enter into an agreement as to the exercise, by one, of the other’s powers under sections 41 and 42 of this Act; and any such agreement may provide for the defraying by the one of the whole or any part of the expenses incurred by the other in consequence of the agreement. (3) An authority shall not unreasonably refuse to enter into an agreement under this section; and if any question arises as to the terms (including terms as to payments) to be included in such an agreement, or whether an authority has unreasonably refused to enter into such an agreement, the question shall be determined by arbitration. (4) Any question which is required by this section to be determined by arbitration shall be determined by a single arbiter appointed, in default of agreement, by the Court of Session, or by the sheriff, on the application of either party to the question.

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45 Supersession of gates by cattle-grids.

(1) Where— (a) a person has the right to instal a gate in a road, and (b) the roads authority providing or proposing to provide a cattle-grid in the road under section 41 of this Act determine, after complying with the provisions of Schedule 4 to this Act, that the purpose for which that right is exercisable will be adequately achieved by the provision of the cattle-grid, the right shall not be exercisable, so long as the cattle-grid is provided, except with the approval of the authority, and they may require that any gate installed in the exercise of the right before the provision of the cattle-grid shall be removed or may themselves remove any such gate. (2) The authority shall on demand repay any expenses reasonably incurred in removing a gate in compliance with a requirement under subsection (1) above. (3) Where in pursuance of subsection (1) above a gate has been removed (whether by, or in compliance with a requirement of, the authority) and they subsequently remove the cattle-grid then, if within 12 months after the removal of the cattle-grid any person reinstals a gate in the exercise of a right the exercise of which was suspended while the cattle-grid was provided, the authority shall on demand repay the expenses reasonably incurred in reinstalling the gate. (4) No objection shall be made or proceedings brought in respect of the purported exercise by the roads authority of their powers under subsection (1) above as respects any gate on the ground that no right to instal the gate existed; but the purported exercise by the authority of their powers under that subsection shall not affect the question whether any such right existed, or prejudice the powers of the authority or any other person under any enactment or rule of law to protect public rights of way or to prevent or remove obstructions.

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46 Agreements for use of land for cattle-grids or by-passes.

(1) The roads authority may, for the purpose of providing, altering or improving a cattle-grid or by-pass under the powers conferred by this Act, enter into an agreement with persons having an interest in any land for the use of the land for that purpose; and there shall be exercisable by the authority and the public such rights over the land as may be specified in the agreement. (2) An agreement under subsection (1) above— (a) may contain provisions for payment to persons who are parties to it in consideration of the use of the land or otherwise in respect of their entering into the agreement; and (b) shall not operate so as to prejudice the rights of any person not a party thereto or confer upon any other person any right against him. (3) An agreement under this section may be recorded in the General Register of Sasines or (as the case may be) registered in the Land Register of Scotland and, on being so recorded or registered, shall be enforceable at the instance of the roads authority against any person having an interest in the land and against any person deriving title from that person: Provided that such an agreement shall not be so enforceable against any third party who has in good faith and for value acquired right (whether title has been completed or not) to an interest in the land prior to the agreement being recorded or registered as aforesaid, or against any person deriving title from any such third party. (4) In the case of land in Scotland, a liferenter in possession of the land shall have the power to enter into agreements under this section relating to, or to any part of, the land. (5) The Trusts (Scotland) Act 1921 shall have effect as if among the powers conferred on trustees by section 4 thereof (which relates to the general powers of trustees) there were included a power to enter into agreements under this section relating to the trust estate or any part thereof.

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47 Contributions towards expenditure of roads authorities in connection with cattle-grids.

(1) A roads authority may enter into an agreement with any person at whose instance a cattle-grid has been or is to be provided by them under this Act, or with any other person willing to make a contribution towards expenses of the authority under this Act in connection with a cattle-grid, for the making by that person of such a contribution (whether by a single payment or by periodical payments) of such amount as may be specified in the agreement and either towards such description of such expenditure as may be so specified. (2) An agreement under this section may contain such incidental and consequential provisions as appear to the parties thereto expedient for the purposes of the agreement; and in particular such an agreement providing for a contribution towards the cost of installing a cattle-grid may provide for repayment of the contributions, to such extent as may be specified in the agreement, in the event of the cattle-grid being removed. (3) In determining whether or not to provide a cattle-grid the roads authority shall be entitled to have regard to the extent to which persons who in the opinion of the authority will derive special benefit from the provision of the cattle-grid are willing to enter into agreements under this section.

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48 Contributions towards expenditure on constructing or improving roads.

The roads authority may enter into an agreement with any person willing to contribute to the construction or improvement of a road and may have regard to the extent of the contributions (if any) obtainable by virtue of such agreements in determining whether to undertake the construction of effect the improvement.

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49 Provision of bus shelters, etc. by local roads authorities.

(1) In the Local Government, (Omnibus Shelters and Queue Barriers) (Scotland) Act 1958, for the words “local authority” wherever they occur other than the places mentioned in subsection (2) below there shall be substituted the words “local roads authority”. (2) The expected places referred to in subsection (1) above are— (a) the first place where the words “local authority” occur in section 1(2) of the said Act of 1958; (b) section 3(2) of that Act; (c) the first place where those words occur in section 4(1) of that Act; and (d) section 7(1) of that Act.

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49A Power to install equipment for detection of traffic offences etc .

A roads authority may install and maintain on or near a road structures and equipment for the detection of traffic offences or offences under section 11 of the HGV Road User Levy Act 2013 (using or keeping heavy goods vehicle if HGV road user levy not paid) .

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50 Planting of trees, shrubs and grass or other plants by roads authority.

(1) The roads authority may plant trees, shrubs, grass or other plants within, or partly within, the boundaries of a public road or of a proposed public road which is in course of construction; and may erect and maintain guards of fences, and otherwise do anything expedient, for maintenance and protection of trees, shrubs, grass and other plants there planted (whether or not by them). (2) No such tree, shrub, grass other plant, guard or fence shall be planted (or as the case may be erected) or allowed to remain in such a situation as to hinder the reasonable use of the road (or proposed road) by persons entitled to the use thereof, or so as to be a nuisance or injurious to the owner or occupier of any land fronting or abutting the road (or proposed road). (3) Part 10 of Schedule 3A to the Communications Act 2003 (the electronic communications code) (which provides a procedure for certain cases where works involve the alteration of electronic communications apparatus) shall, subject to subsection (4) below, apply, for the purposes of any works which may be done in exercise of the powers conferred by this section, to the roads authority. (4) Where the roads authority is the Secretary of State, Paragraph 68 of the the electronic communications code (offence) shall be omitted for the purposes of the application of Part 10 of the code to him by subsection (3) above.

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51 Planting of trees, shrubs and grass or other plants by person other than roads authority.

(1) The roads authority may in writing authorise an owner or occupier of land adjoining a public road, or any other person, to plant or maintain trees, shrubs, grass or other plants within, or partly within, the boundaries of that road subject to such conditions as the authority may specify in the authorisation. (2) The conditions referred, to in subsection (1) above may include a requirement that the authorised person give any written undertaking which, in the opinion of the authority, is necessary— (a) to ensure the safety and convenience of road users; or (b) to protect the apparatus of statutory undertakers. (3) The roads authority may at any time withdraw an authorisation under subsection (1) above by giving 28 days notice to the authorised person; and such notice may require that person within the 28 days— (a) to remove all or any of the trees, shrubs, grass or other plants to which the authorisation related; and (b) to reinstate the road.

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52 Power to execute works to mitigate adverse effect of constructing or improving etc. road.

(1) A roads authority may carry out on— (a) land acquired by them under section 106 of this Act; (b) other land belonging to them; (c) a road for which they are the roads authority; (d) a road which they have been authorised to improve or, as the case may be construct, by an order under section 9 or 12 of this Act., works for mitigating any adverse effect which the construction, improvement, existence or use of any road has or will have on the surroundings of the last mentioned road. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, the works that may be carried out under that subsection include the planting of trees. shrubs or plants of any other description and the laying out of any area as grassland. (3) A roads authority may develop or redevelop land acquired by them under section 106 of this Act, or any other land belonging to them, for the purpose of improving the surroundings of a road or proposed road.

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53 Agreements as to use of land near roads.

(1) For the purpose of mitigating any adverse effect which the construction, improvement, existence or use of a road (or proposed road) has or will have on its surroundings, a roads authority may enter into an agreement with any person having an interest in land adjoining or in the vicinity of the road (or proposed road) for restricting or regulating the use of the land either permanently or during such period as may be specified in the agreement; and any such agreement may, in particular, make provision for the planting and maintenance of trees, shrubs or plants of any other description on the land and for restricting the lopping or removal of trees, shrubs or other plants on the land. (2) An agreement under this section may contain such incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions of a financial character) as appear to the roads authority to be necessary or expedient. (3) Subject to subsection (4) below, the provisions of an agreement made under this section with a person interested in land shall be binding on persons deriving title from that person in respect of the land. (4) No provision shall be enforceable by virtue of subsection (3) above against a third party who shall have in good faith and for value acquired right (whether title has been completed or not) to land prior to the agreement being registered in the Land Register of Scotland or, as the case may be, recorded in the Register of Sasines, or against any person deriving title from such third party. (5) This section is without prejudice to section 75 of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (agreements regulating development or use of land).

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54 Power to instal refuse or storage bins in roads.

The roads authority may provide and maintain in or under a road, or a proposed road in course of construction, bins or other receptacles, of such dimensions and in such positions as the authority may determine, for the collection and temporary deposit of road refuse and waste paper, or the storage of sand, grit or other materials.

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55 Provision of picnic sites for trunk roads etc.

(1) The Secretary of State may provide on land adjoining, or in the vicinity of, a trunk road, or a proposed public road which is to be a trunk road, a picnic site with space for parking vehicles and with means of access from and egress to the road or proposed road; and subject to subsection (3) below he may manage and maintain the site (including such buildings, works or facilities as are mentioned in subsection (2) below.) (2) The Secretary of State may erect and equip buildings, and execute works, on the picnic site so as to provide such facilities as he considers appropriate for that site; and without prejudice to the generality of this subsection those facilities may include— (a) water closets, urinals, and washing facilities for use in connection with either; and (b) facilities for the provision and consumption of meals and refreshments. (3) The Secretary of State shall not provide meals or refreshments on the picnic site but may make arrangements for some person other than a local authority so to provide and may for the purpose of those arrangements lease the site, or a part thereof, to that other person.

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55A Environmental assessment of certain road improvement projects

(1) If the Scottish Ministers as roads authority have under consideration— (a) the making of an order such as is mentioned in paragraph 1 of schedule 1 of this Act relating to the improvement of a road, or (b) the improvement of a road without such an order, they must, before details of the project are published, determine whether it falls within Annex I or II. (2) If the Scottish Ministers determine that the project— (a) falls within Annex I, or (b) is a relevant project falling within Annex II, and that having regard to the selection criteria in Annex III it should be made subject to an environmental impact assessment in accordance with the Directive, they must, not later than the date when details of the project are published prepare an EIA report and publish notice of it in accordance with subsections (5) to (10) and paragraph 7(1C), or paragraph 13(1C) as the case may be, of schedule 1 of this Act. (3) In making a determination as to whether a project is a relevant project falling within Annex II the Scottish Ministers must— (a) in all cases take into account— (i) such of the selection criteria set out in Annex III as are relevant to the project, and (ii) the available results of any relevant assessment of the effects of the project, and (b) base their decision on the information set out in subsection (4). (4) The information referred to in subsection (3)(b) is to be compiled taking into account, where relevant, the factors set out in subsection (3)(a) and must include— (a) a description of the location of the project, including a plan sufficient to identify the land; (b) a description of the project, including in particular— (i) a description of the physical characteristics of the project and, where relevant, of demolition works, (ii) a description of the location of the project, with particular regard to the environmental sensitivity of geographical areas likely to be affected, (c) a description of the aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the project; and (d) a description of any likely significant effects, to the extent of the information available on such effects, of the project on the environment resulting from— (i) the expected residues and emissions and the production of waste, where relevant, and (ii) the use of natural resources, in particular soil, land, water and biodiversity. (5) The Scottish Ministers must publish any determination made by them in accordance with subsections (1) to (4), and that determination shall include— (a) a statement giving, with reference to such of the criteria set out in Annex III as are relevant to the project, the main reasons for that conclusion; and (b) where the determination is to the effect that the project does not require an environmental impact assessment, the statement referred to in paragraph (a) must state any features of the project which are envisaged to avoid or prevent significant adverse effects on the environment. (6) An EIA report is a report prepared by the Scottish Ministers in accordance with this section which assesses the environmental impact of the project and which includes (at least)— (a) a description of the project comprising information on the site, design, size and other relevant features of the project; (b) a description of the likely significant effects of the project on the environment; (c) a description of the features of the project and any measures envisaged in order to avoid, prevent or reduce and, if possible, offset likely significant adverse effects on the environment; (d) a description of the reasonable alternatives studied by the Scottish Ministers, which are relevant to the project and its specific characteristics, and an indication of the main reasons for the option chosen, taking into account the effects of the project on the environment; (e) a non-technical summary of the information referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d); and (f) any other information specified in schedule 1A of this Act relevant to the specific characteristics of the project and to the environmental features likely to be affected. (7) With a view to avoiding duplication of assessments, account is to be taken of the available results of other relevant assessments under ... other legislation applicable in Scotland in preparing the EIA report. (8) In order to ensure the completeness and quality of the EIA report— (a) the Scottish Ministers must ensure that the report is prepared by competent experts; (b) the EIA report must be accompanied by a statement from the Scottish Ministers outlining the relevant expertise or qualifications of such experts. (9) The Scottish Ministers must publish notice of the EIA report so as to ensure that members of the public who are likely to be concerned are given a reasonable opportunity to express an opinion before a decision on whether to proceed with the project is taken, and the Scottish Ministers must not make any such decision without taking into consideration any opinion so expressed to them within a period of 42 days commencing with the date of publication of notice of the EIA report. (10) Notice under subsection (9) must state— (a) that the Scottish Ministers, as the relevant roads authority, are considering implementing the project; (b) the proposed location and nature of the project; (c) that the project is subject to environmental impact assessment and, where relevant, state that it is likely to have significant effects in an EEA State; (d) that a copy of the EIA report may be inspected at an address in the area in which the project is proposed to be situated during the period provided under paragraph (i); (e) the times at which a copy of the EIA report can be so inspected; (f) an address from which copies of the EIA report may be obtained and from which further information about the project may be requested during the period provided under paragraph (i); (g) if a charge is to be made for a copy of the EIA report, the amount of the charge; (h) that the Scottish Ministers use a website for the purpose of giving information to the public about projects of a category into which the project in question falls, and the address of the website where a copy of the EIA report will be available for inspection by the public during the period specified in paragraph (i), (i) that any person wishing to make any representations about the project and the EIA report may do so in writing to the Scottish Ministers at a specified address within a specified period, being a period of not less than 42 days commencing with the date of publication of the notice; and (j) that the Scottish Ministers will take into consideration any representations so made before deciding whether or not to proceed with the project with or without modifications. (11) The Scottish Ministers must ensure that during the period specified under subsection (10)(i)— (a) copies of the EIA report are available for inspection by any person free of charge at all reasonable hours at the address specified under subsection (10)(d); (b) copies of the EIA report are available to be obtained by any person from the address specified under subsection (10)(f); (c) the Scottish Ministers use a website for the purpose of giving information to the public about projects of a category into which the project in question falls, and that a copy of the EIA report is available for inspection at a specified website address. (12) A reasonable charge reflecting the costs of printing, copying and distribution may be made by the Scottish Ministers for the supply of a copy of the EIA report— (a) to a person other than a consultation body; or (b) to a consultation body to which a copy has already been supplied free of charge. (13) In order to ensure the completeness and quality of the EIA report the Scottish Ministers must where necessary (having regard in particular to current knowledge and methods of assessment) obtain supplementary information about any matter referred to in subsection (6) which in the opinion of the Scottish Ministers is directly relevant to reaching a reasoned conclusion on the significant effects of the project on the environment. (14) Where the Scottish Ministers obtain supplementary information relating to the EIA report and such supplementary information is reasonably required to give proper consideration to the likely environmental effects of the project, except insofar as such supplementary information is required for the purposes of an inquiry held under section 139, subsections (9) to (12) apply to such supplementary information as they apply to an EIA report (subject to any necessary modifications). (15) The Scottish Ministers must ensure that the consultation bodies are given an opportunity to express an opinion on the project and the EIA report before they decide whether to proceed with the project, and the Scottish Ministers must not make any such decision within a period of 42 days commencing with the date of sending the report to the consultation bodies. (16) In this section, the expressions “the Directive”, “Annex”, “relevant project” and “sensitive area” ... shall have the meanings assigned to those expressions in section 20C(16) with the proviso that in the definition of “relevant project” the reference to the construction of a new road shall be a reference to the improvement of a road and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly.

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55B Application of section 20B

The provisions of sections 20A, 20B and 20D to 20G apply to a project to which section 55A applies as they apply to a project in terms of sections 20A, 20B and 20D to 20G.

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55C Offences

(1) Any person who, for the purpose of procuring a particular decision in relation to a project to which section 55A applies— (a) knowingly or recklessly makes a statement which is false or misleading in a material particular; (b) with intent to deceive, uses any document which is false or misleading in a material particular; or (c) with intent to deceive, withholds any material information, commits an offence. (2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable— (a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum; or (b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine. (3) No act or omission done or suffered by or on behalf of the Crown constitutes an offence under this section. (4) The Court of Session may, on the application of the Scottish Ministers, the chief constable or any other public body or office-holder having responsibility for enforcing the provision declare unlawful any act or omission of the Crown which would but for subsection (3) have constituted an offence under this section. (5) Despite subsection (3), this section applies to a person in the public service of the Crown as it applies to other persons.

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55D Offences by bodies corporate etc.

(1) Subsection (2) applies where— (a) an offence under section 55C has been committed by— (i) a body corporate, (ii) a Scottish partnership, or (iii) an unincorporated association other than a Scottish partnership, and (b) it is proved that the offence was committed with the consent or connivance of, or was attributable to neglect on the part of— (i) a relevant individual, or (ii) an individual purporting to act in the capacity of a relevant individual. (2) The individual (as well as the body corporate, partnership or (as the case may be) association) commits the offence and is liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. (3) In subsection (1), “relevant individual” means— (a) in relation to a body corporate (other than a limited liability partnership)— (i) a director, manager, secretary or similar officer of the body, (ii) where the affairs of the body are managed by its members, a member, (b) in relation to a limited liability partnership, a member; (c) in relation to a Scottish partnership, a partner; (d) in relation to an unincorporated association other than a Scottish partnership, an individual who is concerned in the management or control of the association.

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