(1) A planning authority are to prepare a forestry and woodland strategy.
(2) A forestry and woodland strategy is to—
(a) identify woodlands of high nature conservation value in the planning authority's area, and
(b) set out the planning authority's policies and proposals in their area, as to—
(i) the development of forestry and woodlands,
(ii) the protection and enhancement of woodlands, in particular those mentioned in paragraph (a),
(iii) the resilience to climate change of woodlands, in particular those mentioned in paragraph (a),
(iv) the expansion of woodlands of a range of types to provide multiple benefits to the physical, cultural, economic, social and environmental characteristics of the area,
(c) any other matter which the planning authority consider appropriate.
(3) In preparing a forestry and woodland strategy a planning authority are to consult—
(a) the Scottish Ministers,
(b) such organisations appearing to them to represent those with an interest in the matters listed in subsection (2)(b), and
(c) such other persons as they consider appropriate.
(4) The planning authority must publish the strategy by such means as they consider appropriate.
(5) Two or more planning authorities may act jointly to prepare a forestry and woodland strategy.
(6) Where two or more planning authorities act jointly to prepare a forestry and woodland strategy, a reference in this section to—
(a) a planning authority is to those authorities acting jointly,
(b) a planning authority's area is a reference to the combined area of the authorities.
(7) In this section, “publish” includes, without prejudice to that expression's generality, publish by electronic means (as for example by means of the internet).
159 Planning permission to include appropriate provision for preservation and planting of trees.
It shall be the duty ...—
(a) of the Scottish Ministers and the planning authority to ensure, whenever it is appropriate, that in granting planning permission for any development adequate provision is made, by the imposition of conditions, for the preservation or planting of trees, and
(b) of the planning authority to make such orders under section 160 as appear to the authority to be necessary in connection with the grant of such permission, whether for giving effect to such conditions or otherwise, and
(c) of the planning authority from time to time to review any order made in exercise of their powers under that section and to consider whether it is requisite to vary or revoke the order in question.
(1) A planning authority may, if it appears to them that the requirements of subsection (1A) are met, make an order specifying any trees, groups of trees or woodlands in their district and providing for their preservation.
(1A) Those requirements are (either or both)—
(a) that it is expedient in the interests of amenity to make that provision,
(b) that the trees, groups of trees or woodlands are of cultural or historical significance.
(2) An order under subsection (1) is in this Act referred to as a “tree preservation order”.
(3) A tree preservation order may, in particular, make provision—
(a) for prohibiting (subject to any exemptions for which provision may be made by the order) the cutting down, topping, lopping, uprooting, wilful damage or wilful destruction of trees except with the consent of the planning authority, and for enabling that authority to give their consent subject to conditions;
(b) for securing the replanting, in such manner as may be prescribed by or under the order, of any part of a woodland area which is felled in the course of forestry operations permitted by or under the order;
(c) for applying, in relation to any consent under the order, and to applications for such consent, any of the provisions of this Act mentioned in subsection (4), subject to such adaptations and modifications as may be specified in the order.
(4) The provisions referred to in subsection (3)(c) are—
(a) the provisions of Part III relating to planning permission and to applications for planning permission, except sections 32, 34, 35, 36(2) and (3), 38, 58 to 62, 69 and 70 and Schedules 6 and 7, and section 65 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997,
(b) sections 88 to 92, 94 and 95 (except so far as they relate to purchase notices served in consequence of such orders as are mentioned in section 88(1)(b) or (c)), and
(c) section 263.
(5) A tree preservation order may be made so as to apply, in relation to trees to be planted pursuant to any such conditions as are mentioned in section 159(a), as from the time when those trees are planted.
(6) Without prejudice to any other exemptions for which provision may be made by a tree preservation order, nothing in such an order shall prohibit the uprooting, felling or lopping of trees if—
(a) it is urgently necessary in the interests of safety,
(b) it is necessary for the prevention or abatement of a nuisance, or
(ba) it is authorised by an order granting development consent,
(c) it is in compliance with any obligation imposed by or under an Act of Parliamentor an Act of the Scottish Parliament,
so long as... notice in writing of the proposed operations is given to the planning authority as soon as practicable after the operations become necessary.
(7) This section shall have effect subject to—
(a) section 39(2) of the Housing and Planning Act 1986 (saving for effect of section 2(4) of the Opencast Coal Act 1958 on land affected by a tree preservation order despite its repeal), and
(b) section 33 of the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 (felling of trees subject to tree preservation orders).
(8) In relation to an application for consent under a tree preservation order the Scottish Ministers may by regulations make provision as to—
(a) the form and manner in which the application must be made,
(b) particulars of such matters as are to be included in the application,
(c) any documents or other materials which are to accompany the application.
(1) Subject to section 249, a tree preservation order—
(a) takes effect on such date as may be specified in the order, but
(b) expires 6 months after it is made unless it has, within that period, been confirmed by the planning authority.
(1A) An order may be confirmed under subsection (1)(b) without modification or subject to such modifications as the planning authority consider expedient.
(2) As soon as a tree preservation order is confirmed, the planning authority shall record it in the appropriate Register of Sasines or, as the case may be, register it in the Land Register of Scotland.
(3) Provision may be made by regulations with respect to—
(a) the form of tree preservation orders, and
(b) the procedure to be followed in connection with the confirmation of such orders.
(4) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3), the regulations may make provision—
(a) that, before a tree preservation order is confirmed by the planning authority, notice of the making of the order shall be given to the owners, lessees and occupiers of land affected by the order and to such other persons, if any, as may be specified in the regulations,
(b) that objections and representations with respect to the order, if duly made in accordance with the regulations, shall be considered before the order is confirmed by the planning authority, and
(c) that copies of the order, when confirmed by the authority, shall be served on such persons as may be specified in the regulations.
161A Imminent danger to trees: entry to affix copy of tree preservation order
(1) If it appears to a planning authority that a tree, group of trees or woodlands—
(a) on land in their district, and
(b) in respect of which they have made a tree preservation order,
may be in imminent danger of being cut down, topped, lopped, uprooted, wilfully damaged or wilfully destroyed and accordingly that it is expedient that a copy of the order should be affixed conspicuously to the tree, group of trees or woodlands in question, a person duly authorised in writing by them may enter the land and so affix such a copy.
(2) Subsection (1) is without prejudice to any provision made by virtue of section 161(3)(b) and (4) as respects notice of the making of the order.
(1) A tree preservation order does not have effect in respect of anything done—
(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) by or on behalf of any other person in accordance with a relevant plan which is for the time being in force.
(2) A relevant plan is—
(a) a plan of operations or other working plan approved by the Forestry Commissioners under—
(i) a forestry dedication agreement within the meaning of section 5 of the Forestry Act 1967, or
(ii) conditions of a grant or loan made under section 1 of the Forestry Act 1979,
(b) a plan approved by the Scottish Ministers under conditions of financial assistance provided under section 71 of the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018, provided that the plan relates to the promotion of sustainable forest management, or
(c) any other plan approved by the Scottish Ministers relating to sustainable forest management.
(3) A reference to a provision of the Forestry Act 1967 or the Forestry Act 1979 or the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 includes a reference to a corresponding provision replaced by that provision or any earlier corresponding provision.
164 Power for Secretary of State to make tree preservation orders.
(1) If it appears to the Secretary of State that it is expedient that a tree preservation order, or an order amending or revoking such an order, should be made, he may himself make such an order.
(2) Such an order made by the Secretary of State shall have the same effect as if it had been made by the planning authority and timeously confirmed by them under this Chapter.
(3) The Secretary of State shall not make such an order without consulting the planning authority.
(4) The provisions of this Chapter and of any regulations made under it with respect to the procedure to be followed in connection with the making and confirmation of any order mentioned in subsection (1) and the service of copies of it as confirmed shall have effect, subject to any necessary modifications, in relation to any proposal by the Secretary of State to make such an order by virtue of subsection (1), its making by him and the service of copies of it.
165 Compensation in respect of tree preservation orders.
(1) A tree preservation order may make provision for the payment by the planning authority, subject to such exceptions and conditions as may be specified in the order, of compensation in respect of loss or damage caused or incurred in consequence of—
(a) the refusal of any consent required under the order, or
(b) the grant of any such consent subject to conditions.
(2) Except in so far as may be otherwise provided by section 166(5), any tree preservation order or any regulations made under this Act, any question of disputed compensation under this section shall be referred to and determined by the Lands Tribunal.
(3) In relation to the determination of any such question, the provisions of sections 9 and 11 of the Land Compensation (Scotland) Act 1963 shall apply subject to any necessary modifications and to the provisions of any regulations made under this Act.
166 Compensation in respect of requirement as to replanting of trees.
(1) This section applies where—
(a) a requirement is imposed by the planning authority or the Secretary of State under a tree preservation order for securing the replanting of all or any part of a woodland area which is felled in the course of forestry operations permitted by or under the order, and
(b) the Scottish Ministers decide not to provide financial assistance under section 71 of the Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Act 2018 in respect of the replanting by reason that the requirement frustrates the use of the woodland area for the growing of timber or other forest products for commercial purposes and in accordance with the rules or practice of good forestry.
(2) Where this section applies, the planning authority exercising functions under the tree preservation order shall be liable, on the making of a claim in accordance with this section, to pay compensation in respect of such loss or damage, if any, as is caused or incurred in consequence of compliance with the requirement.
(3) The Scottish Ministers shall, at the request of the person under a duty to comply with such a requirement as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a), give a certificate stating—
(a) whether they have decided not to provide such financial assistance as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b), and
(b) if so, the grounds for their decision.
(4) A claim for compensation under this section must be served on the planning authority—
(a) within 12 months from the date on which the requirement was made, or
(b) where an application has been made to the Secretary of State for the determination of any question relating to the reasonableness of a requirement, within 12 months from the date of the determination of the Secretary of State,
but subject in either case to such extension of that period as the planning authority may allow.
(5) Any question of disputed compensation under this section shall be determined in accordance with section 70 of the Countryside (Scotland) Act 1967.
(1) If any tree in respect of which a tree preservation order is for the time being in force—
(a) is removed, uprooted or destroyed in contravention of the order, or
(b) except in the case of a tree to which the order applies as part of a woodland, is removed, uprooted or destroyed or dies at a time when its felling or uprooting is authorised only by virtue of section 160(6)(a),
it shall be the duty of the owner of the land to plant another tree of an appropriate size and species at the same place as soon as he reasonably can.
(2) The duty imposed by subsection (1) does not apply to an owner if on application by him the planning authority dispense with it.
(3) In respect of trees in a woodland it shall be sufficient for the purposes of this section to replace the trees removed, uprooted or destroyed by planting the same number of trees—
(a) on or near the land on which the trees removed, uprooted or destroyed stood, or
(b) on such other land as may be agreed between the planning authority and the owner of the land,
and in such places as may be designated by the planning authority.
(4) In relation to any tree planted pursuant to this section, the relevant tree preservation order shall apply as it applied to the original tree.
(5) The duty imposed by subsection (1) on the owner of any land shall attach to the person who is from time to time the owner of the land.
168 Enforcement of duties as to replacement of trees.
(1) If it appears to the planning authority that—
(a) the provisions of section 167, or
(b) any conditions of a consent given under a tree preservation order which require the replacement of trees,
are not complied with in the case of any tree or trees, the authority may serve on the owner of the land a notice requiring him, within such period as may be specified in the notice, to plant a tree or trees of such size and species as may be so specified.
(2) A notice under subsection (1) may be served by a planning authority only within 2 years from the date on which the failure to comply with those provisions or conditions came to the knowledge of the authority.
(3) A notice under subsection (1) shall specify a period at the end of which it is to take effect, being a period of not less than 28 days beginning with the date of service of the notice.
(3A) In relation to any tree planted by virtue of a requirement such as is mentioned in subsection (1)(b), the relevant tree preservation order shall apply as it applied to the original trees.
(4) The duty imposed by section 167(1) may only be enforced as provided by this section and not otherwise.
(1) A person on whom a notice under section 168(1) is served may appeal to the Secretary of State against the notice on any of the following grounds—
(a) that the provisions of section 167 or, as the case may be, the conditions mentioned in section 168(1)(b) are not applicable or have been complied with;
(b) that in all the circumstances of the case the duty imposed by section 167 should be dispensed with in relation to any tree;
(c) that the requirements of the notice are unreasonable in respect of the period or the size or species of trees specified in it;
(d) that the planting of a tree or trees in accordance with the notice is not required in the interests of amenity or would be contrary to the practice of good forestry;
(e) that the place on which the tree is or trees are required to be planted is unsuitable for that purpose.
(2) An appeal under subsection (1) may be made either by giving written notice to the Secretary of State before the end of the period specified in accordance with section 168(3), or by sending such notice to him in a properly addressed and prepaid letter posted to him at such time that, in the ordinary course of post, it would be delivered to him before the end of that period.
(3) A person who gives notice under subsection (2) shall submit to the Secretary of State, either when giving the notice or within such time as may be prescribed under subsection (4), a statement in writing—
(a) specifying the grounds on which he is appealing against the notice under section 168(1), and
(b) giving such further information as may be so prescribed.
(4) The Secretary of State may prescribe the procedure to be followed on appeals under this section, and (without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions of this subsection) in so prescribing—
(a) may specify the time within which an appellant is to submit a statement under subsection (3) and the matters on which information is to be given in such a statement;
(b) may require the planning authority to submit, within such time as may be specified, a statement indicating the submissions which they propose to put forward on the appeal;
(c) may specify the matters to be included in such a statement;
(d) may require the authority or the appellant to give such notice of an appeal under this section as may be specified to such persons as may be specified;
(e) may require the authority to send to the Secretary of State, within such period from the date of the bringing of the appeal as may be specified, a copy of the notice and a list of the persons on whom the notice has been served.
(5) The Secretary of State may—
(a) dismiss an appeal if the appellant fails to comply with subsection (3) within the time prescribed under subsection (4)(a), and
(b) allow an appeal and quash the notice under section 168(1) if the planning authority fail to comply with any requirement imposed by virtue of paragraph (b), (c) or (e) of subsection (4).
(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(7) Where such an appeal is brought, the notice under section 168(1) shall be of no effect pending the final determination or the withdrawal of the appeal.
(8) On such an appeal the Secretary of State may—
(a) correct any defect, error or misdescription in the notice under section 168(1), or
(b) vary its terms,
if he is satisfied that the correction or variation will not cause injustice to the appellant or the planning authority.
(9) On the determination of such an appeal the Secretary of State shall give directions for giving effect to the determination including, where appropriate, directions for quashing the notice under section 168(1).
(10) Schedule 4 applies to appeals under this section.
170 Execution and cost of works required by section 168 notice.
(1) If, within the period specified in a notice under section 168(1) for compliance with it, or within such extended period as the planning authority may allow, any trees which are required to be planted by a notice under that section have not been planted, the planning authority may—
(a) enter the land and plant those trees, and
(b) recover from the person who is then the owner or lessee of the land any expenses reasonably incurred by them in doing so.
(2) If the person mentioned in subsection (1)(b) was entitled to appeal to the Secretary of State but did not do so, he shall not be entitled in proceedings under that subsection to dispute the validity of the action taken in accordance with the notice by the planning authority.
(3) In computing the amount of the expenses which may be recovered by them under subsection (1), a planning authority may include in that amount such proportion of their administrative expenses as seems to them to be appropriate.
(4) Where a notice under section 168(1) has been served—
(a) any expenses incurred by the owner, lessee or occupier of any land for the purpose of complying with the notice, and
(b) any sums paid by the owner or lessee of any land under subsection (1) in respect of expenses incurred by the planning authority in planting trees required by such a notice to be planted,
shall be recoverable from the person responsible for the cutting down, destruction or removal of the original tree or trees.
(5) If on a complaint by the owner of any land it appears to the sheriff that the occupier of the land is preventing the owner from carrying out work required to be carried out by a notice under section 168(1), the sheriff may by warrant authorise the owner to go on to the land and carry out the work.
(6) A planning authority taking steps under subsection (1) may sell any materials removed by them from the land unless those materials are claimed by the owner within 3 days of their removal by the planning authority.
(7) Where such materials have been sold the planning authority shall pay the owner the proceeds of the sale after deducting any expenses recoverable by them from him.
(8) Where a planning authority seek under subsection (1) to recover any expenses from a person on the basis that he is the owner of any land, and such person proves that—
(a) he is receiving the rent in respect of that land merely as trustee, tutor, curator, factor or agent of some other person, and
(b) he has not, and since the date of the service on him of the demand for payment has not had, in his hands on behalf of that other person sufficient money to discharge the whole demand of the authority,
his liability shall be limited to the total amount of the money which he has or has had in his hands on behalf of that other person.
(9) A planning authority who by reason of subsection (8) have not recovered the whole of any such expenses from a trustee, tutor, curator, factor or agent may recover any unpaid balance from the person on whose behalf the rent is received.
(10) Any person who wilfully obstructs a person acting in the exercise of the power conferred by subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
171 Penalties for non-compliance with tree preservation order.
(1) If any person, in contravention of a tree preservation order—
(a) cuts down, uproots or wilfully destroys a tree, or
(b) wilfully damages, tops or lops a tree in such a manner as to be likely to destroy it,
he shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable—
(a) on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £20,000, and
(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine.
(3) In determining the amount of any fine to be imposed on a person convicted of an offence under subsection (1), the court shall in particular have regard to any financial benefit which has accrued or appears likely to accrue to him in consequence of the offence.
(4) If any person contravenes the provisions of a tree preservation order otherwise than as mentioned in subsection (1), he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section and section 173, any person who, in relation to a tree to which this section applies, does any act which might by virtue of section 160(3)(a) be prohibited by a tree preservation order shall be guilty of an offence.
(1A) Subsection (1) does not apply so far as the act in question is authorised by an order granting development consent.
(2) Subject to section 173, this section applies to any tree in a conservation area in respect of which no tree preservation order is for the time being in force.
(3) It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (1) to prove—
(a) that he served notice of his intention to do the act in question (with sufficient particulars to identify the tree) on the planning authority in whose area the tree is or was situated, and
(b) that he did the act in question—
(i) with the consent of the planning authority in whose area the tree is or was situated, or
(ii) after the expiry of the period of 6 weeks from the date of the notice but before the expiry of the period of 2 years from that date.
(4) Section 171 shall apply to an offence under this section as it applies to a contravention of a tree preservation order.
(5) An emanation of the Crown must not, in relation to a tree to which this section applies, do an act mentioned in subsection (1) above unless—
(a) the first condition is satisfied, and
(b) either the second or third condition is satisfied.
(5A) Subsection (5) does not apply so far as the act in question is authorised by an order granting development consent.
(6) The first condition is that the emanation serves notice of an intention to do the act (with sufficient particulars to identify the tree) on the planning authority in whose area the tree is situated.
(7) The second condition is that the act is done with the consent of the authority.
(8) The third condition is that the act is done—
(a) after the end of the period of six weeks starting with the date of the notice, and
(b) before the end of the period of two years starting with that date.
(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations direct that section 172 shall not apply in such cases as may be specified in the regulations.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the regulations may be framed so as to exempt from the application of that section cases defined by reference to all or any of the following matters—
(a) acts of such descriptions or done in such circumstances or subject to such conditions as may be specified in the regulations;
(b) trees in such conservation areas as may be so specified;
(c) trees of a size or species so specified; or
(d) trees belonging to persons or bodies of a description so specified.
(3) The regulations may, in relation to any matter by reference to which an exemption is conferred by them, make different provision for different circumstances.
(4) Regulations under subsection (1) may in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of that subsection, exempt from the application of section 172 cases exempted from section 160 by subsection (6) of that section.
174 Enforcement of controls as respects trees in conservation areas.
(1) If any tree to which section 172 applies—
(a) is removed, uprooted or destroyed in contravention of that section, or
(b) is removed, uprooted or destroyed or dies at a time when its cutting down or uprooting is authorised only by virtue of the provisions of such regulations under subsection (1) of section 173 as are mentioned in subsection (4) of that section,
it shall be the duty of the owner of the land to plant another tree of an appropriate size and species at the same place as soon as he reasonably can.
(2) The duty imposed by subsection (1) does not apply to an owner if on application by him the planning authority dispense with it.
(3) The duty imposed by subsection (1) on the owner of any land attaches to the person who is from time to time the owner of the land and may be enforced as provided by section 168 and not otherwise.
It shall be the duty of a planning authority to compile and keep available for public inspection free of charge at all reasonable hours and at a convenient place a register containing such particulars as the Secretary of State may determine of notices under section 172 affecting trees in their district.
(1) Any person duly authorised in writing by a planning authority may enter any land for the purpose of—
(a) surveying it in connection with making or confirming a tree preservation order with respect to the land,
(b) ascertaining whether an offence under section 171 or 172 has been committed on the land, or
(c) determining whether a notice under section 168(1) should be served on the owner of the land,
if there are reasonable grounds for entering for the purpose in question.
(2) Any person duly authorised in writing by the Secretary of State may enter any land for the purpose of surveying it in connection with making, amending or revoking a tree preservation order with respect to the land if there are reasonable grounds for entering for that purpose.
(3) Any person who is duly authorised in writing by a planning authority may enter any land in connection with the exercise of any functions conferred on the authority by or under sections 159 to 163 and 167 to 170.
(4) Any person who is an officer of the Valuation Office may enter any land for the purpose of surveying it, or estimating its value, in connection with a claim for compensation in respect of any land which is payable by the planning authority under section 165.
(5) Any person who is duly authorised in writing by the Secretary of State may enter any land in connection with the exercise of any functions conferred on the Secretary of State by or under sections 160 to 162, 168(1) to (3), 169 and 170.
(6) The Secretary of State shall not authorise any person as mentioned in subsection (2) without consulting the planning authority.
(7) Admission shall not be demanded as of right—
(a) by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) to any building used as a dwellinghouse, or
(b) by virtue of subsection (3), (4) or (5) to any land which is occupied,
unless 24 hours’ notice of the intended entry has been given to the occupier.
(8) Any right to enter by virtue of this section shall be exercised at a reasonable hour.
(1) If the sheriff is satisfied—
(a) that there are reasonable grounds for entering any land for any of the purposes mentioned in section 176(1) or (2), and
(b) that—
(i) admission to the land has been refused, or a refusal is reasonably apprehended, or
(ii) the case is one of urgency,
he may issue a warrant authorising any person duly authorised in writing by a planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State to enter the land.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b)(i) of this section admission to land shall be regarded as having been refused if no reply is received to a request for admission within a reasonable period.
(3) A warrant authorises entry on one occasion only and that entry must be—
(a) within one month from the date of the issue of the warrant, and
(b) at a reasonable hour, unless the case is one of urgency.
(1) Any power conferred under or by virtue of section 176 or 177 to enter land (referred to in this section as “a right of entry”) shall be construed as including power to take samples from any tree and samples of the soil.
(2) A person authorised to enter land in the exercise of a right of entry—
(a) shall, if so required, produce evidence of his authority and state the purpose of his entry before so entering,
(b) may take with him such other persons as may be necessary, and
(c) on leaving the land shall, if the owner or occupier is not then present, leave it as effectively secured against trespassers as he found it.
(3) Any person who wilfully obstructs a person acting in the exercise of a right of entry shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
(4) If any damage is caused to land or moveable property in the exercise of a right of entry, compensation may be recovered by any person suffering the damage from the authority who gave the written authority for the entry or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State.
(1) If it appears to a planning authority that the amenity of any part of their district, or an adjoining district, is adversely affected by the condition of any land in their district they may serve on the owner, lessee and occupier of the land a notice under this section requiring such steps for abating the adverse effect as may be specified in the notice to be taken within such period as may be so specified.
(2) Service under subsection (1) shall be effected by the service of a copy of the notice.
(3) Subject to section 180, a notice under this section shall take effect on such date as may be specified in the notice, being a date not less than 28 days after the latest service thereof under subsection (1).
(4) The planning authority may withdraw a notice under this section (without prejudice to their power to serve another) at any time before it takes effect; and if they so withdraw it, they shall forthwith give notice of the withdrawal to every person on whom the notice was served.
(5) No notice may be served under subsection (1) with reference to any building which is—
(a) a building which is the subject of a scheme or order under the enactments for the time being in force with respect to ancient monuments, or
(b) a building for the time being included in a list of monuments published by the Secretary of State under any such enactment.
(6) The provisions of section 135 shall, subject to any necessary modifications, apply in respect of a notice under this section as they apply in respect of an enforcement notice under section 127.
(1) A person on whom a notice under section 179 is served, or any other person having an interest in the land to which the notice relates, may at any time before the date specified in the notice as the date on which it is to take effect appeal to the Secretary of State against the notice, on any of the following grounds—
(a) that neither the amenity of any part of the planning authority’s district nor that of any adjoining district has been adversely affected;
(b) that the steps required by the notice to be taken exceed what is necessary to remedy any such adverse effect;
(c) that the specified period for compliance with the notice falls short of what should reasonably be allowed;
(d) that the condition of the land is attributable to, and such as results in the ordinary course of events from, a continuing lawful use of the land or from continuing lawful operations carried out thereon; or
(e) that the notice was served other than in accordance with section 179.
(2) An appeal under this section shall be made by notice in writing to the Secretary of State.
(3) The provisions of sections 130(3), 131(1) ... and 132(3) shall apply to appeals under this section as they apply to appeals under those sections.
(4) On an appeal under this section the Secretary of State—
(a) may correct any informality, defect or technical error in the notice if he is satisfied that it is not material, and
(b) may disregard the failure of the planning authority to serve the notice upon a person upon whom it should have been served, if it appears to him that neither that person nor the appellant has been substantially prejudiced by that failure.
(5) Where an appeal is brought under this section, the notice under section 179 shall be of no effect pending the final determination, or the withdrawal, of the appeal.
(6) In determining an appeal under this section the Secretary of State shall give such directions as seem to him appropriate; and these may include directions for quashing the notice or for varying its terms in favour of the appellant.
(7) Schedule 4 applies to appeals under this section.
(1) Every planning authority shall keep a register of notices under section 179 which have been served in relation to land in their district—
(a) in such manner, and
(b) containing such information,
as may be prescribed; and there may also be prescribed circumstances in which an entry in the register shall be deleted.
(2) Every register kept under subsection (1) shall be available for inspection by the public at all reasonable hours.
182 Regulations controlling display of advertisements.
(1) Regulations shall make provision for restricting or regulating the display of advertisements so far as appears to the Secretary of State to be expedient in the interests of amenity or public safety.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), any such regulations may provide—
(a) for regulating the dimensions, appearance and position of advertisements which may be displayed, the sites on which advertisements may be displayed and the manner in which they are to be affixed to the land;
(b) for requiring the consent of the planning authority to be obtained for the display of advertisements, or of advertisements of any class specified in the regulations;
(c) for applying, in relation to any such consent and to applications for such consent, any of the provisions mentioned in subsection (3), subject to such adaptations and modifications as may be specified in the regulations;
(d) for the constitution, for the purposes of the regulations, of such advisory committees as may be prescribed by the regulations, and for determining the manner in which the expenses of any such committee are to be defrayed.
(2A) The regulations may also make provision as to—
(a) the form and manner in which an application for consent must be made,
(b) particulars of such matters as are to be included in the application,
(c) any documents or other materials which are to accompany the application.
(3) The provisions referred to in subsection (2)(c) are—
(a) the provisions of Part III relating to planning permission and to applications for planning permission, except sections 32, 34, 35, 36(2) and (3), 38, 58 to 62A, 69 and 70 and Schedules 6 and 7, and section 65 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997,
(b) sections 88 to 92, 94 and 95 (except so far as they relate to purchase notices served in consequence of such orders as are mentioned in section 88(1)(b) or (c)), and
(c) section 263.
183 Power to make different advertisement regulations for different areas.
(1) Regulations made under section 182 may make different provision with respect to different areas, and in particular may make special provision—
(a) with respect to conservation areas, ...
(b) with respect to areas defined for the purposes of the regulations as areas of special control,
(c) with respect to masterplan consent areas.
(2) An area may be defined as an area of special control if it is—
(a) a rural area, or
(b) an area which appears to the Secretary of State to require special protection on grounds of amenity.
(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the regulations may prohibit the display in an area of special control of all advertisements except advertisements of such classes (if any) as may be prescribed.
(4) Areas of special control for the purposes of the regulations may be defined by means of orders made or approved by the Secretary of State in accordance with the provisions of the regulations.
(5) Where the Secretary of State is authorised by the regulations to make or approve any such order as is mentioned in subsection (4), the regulations shall provide—
(a) for the publication of notice of the proposed order in such manner as may be prescribed,
(b) for the consideration of objections duly made to it, and
(c) for the holding of such inquiries or other hearings as may be prescribed,
before the order is made or approved.
(6) Nothing in this section or in any such regulations shall be construed as authorising the restricting or regulation of the display of any advertisement by reason only of the subject matter or wording of it.
184 Planning permission not needed for advertisements complying with regulations.
Where the display of advertisements in accordance with regulations made under section 182 involves development of land—
(a) planning permission for that development shall be deemed to be granted by virtue of this section, and
(b) no application shall be necessary for that development under Part III.
185 Repayment of expense of removing prohibited advertisements.
(1) Where, for the purpose of complying with any regulations made under section 182, works are carried out by any person—
(a) for removing an advertisement which was being displayed on 16th August 1948, or
(b) for discontinuing the use for the display of advertisements of a site used for that purpose on that date,
that person shall, on a claim made to the planning authority within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed, be entitled to recover from that authority compensation in respect of any expenses reasonably incurred by him in carrying out those works.
(2) Except in so far as may be otherwise provided by any regulations made under this Act, any question of disputed compensation under this section shall be referred to and determined by the Lands Tribunal.
(3) In relation to the determination of any such question, the provisions of sections 9 and 11 of the Land Compensation (Scotland) Act 1963 shall apply subject to any necessary modifications and to the provisions of any regulations made under this Act.
(1) Regulations under section 182 may make provision for enabling the planning authority to require—
(a) the removal of any advertisement which is displayed in contravention of the regulations, or
(b) the discontinuance of the use for the display of advertisements of any site which is being so used in contravention of the regulations.
(2) For that purpose the regulations may apply any of the provisions of Part VI with respect to enforcement notices or the provisions of section 143(1) to (5), subject to such adaptations and modifications as may be specified in the regulations.
(3) Without prejudice to any provisions included in such regulations by virtue of subsection (1) or (2), if any person displays an advertisement in contravention of the regulations he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine of such amount as may be prescribed, not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale and, in the case of a continuing offence, one-tenth of level 5 on the standard scale for each day during which the offence continues after conviction.
(4) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3), a person shall be deemed to display an advertisement for the purposes of that subsection if—
(a) he is the owner or occupier of the land on which the advertisement is displayed, or
(b) the advertisement gives publicity to his goods, trade, business or other concerns.
(5) A person shall not be guilty of an offence under subsection (3) by reason only—
(a) of his being the owner or occupier of the land on which an advertisement is displayed, or
(b) of his goods, trade, business or other concerns being given publicity by the advertisement,
if he proves that it was displayed without his knowledge or consent.
187 Power to remove or obliterate placards and posters.
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a planning authority may remove or obliterate any placard or poster—
(a) which is displayed in their area, and
(b) which in their opinion is so displayed in contravention of regulations made under section 182.
(2) Subsection (1) does not authorise the removal or obliteration of a placard or poster displayed within a building to which there is no public right of access.
(3) Subject to subsection (4), where a placard or poster identifies the person who displayed it or caused it to be displayed, the planning authority shall not exercise any power conferred by subsection (1) unless they have first given him notice in writing—
(a) that in their opinion it is displayed in contravention of regulations made under section 182, and
(b) that they intend to remove or obliterate it on the expiry of a period specified in the notice.
(4) Subsection (3) does not apply if—
(a) the placard or poster does not give his address, and
(b) the authority do not know it and are unable to ascertain it after reasonable inquiry.
(5) The period specified in a notice under subsection (3) must be not less than 2 days from the date of service of the notice.
(6) Any person duly authorised in writing by the planning authority may at any reasonable time enter any land for the purpose of exercising a power conferred by this section if—
(a) the land is unoccupied, and
(b) it would be impossible to exercise the power without entering the land.
(1) A planning authority may acquire by agreement any land which they require for any purpose for which a planning authority may be authorised to acquire land under section 189.
(2) The Lands Clauses Acts (except the provisions relating to the purchase of land otherwise than by agreement and the provisions relating to access to the special Act, and except sections 120 to 125 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845) and sections 6 and 70 of the Railways Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845, and sections 71 to 78 of that Act, as originally enacted and not as amended for certain purposes by section 15 of the Mines (Working Facilities and Support) Act 1923, shall be incorporated with this section, and in construing those Acts as so incorporated this section shall be deemed to be the special Act and references to the promoters of the undertaking or to the company shall be construed as references to the authority authorised to acquire the land under this section.
(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
189 Compulsory acquisition of land in connection with development and for other planning purposes.
(1) A local authority shall, on being authorised to do so by the Secretary of State, have power to acquire compulsorily any land in their area which—
(a) is suitable for and is required in order to secure the carrying out of development, redevelopment or improvement;
(b) is required for a purpose which it is necessary to achieve in the interests of the proper planning of an area in which the land is situated.
(2) A local authority and the Secretary of State in considering for the purposes of subsection (1)(a) whether land is suitable for development, redevelopment or improvement shall have regard to—
(a) the provisions of the development plan, so far as material,
(b) whether planning permission for any development on the land is in force, and
(c) any other considerations which would be material for the purpose of determining an application for planning permission for development on the land.
(2A) The Scottish Ministers must not authorise the acquisition of any interest in Crown land unless—
(a) it is an interest which is for the time being held otherwise than by or on behalf of the Crown, and
(b) the appropriate authority consents to the acquisition.
(3) Where a local authority exercise their powers under subsection (1) in relation to any land, they shall, on being authorised to do so by the Secretary of State, have power to acquire compulsorily—
(a) any land adjoining that land which is required for the purposes of executing works for facilitating its development or use, or
(b) where the land forms part of a common or open space, any land which is required for the purpose of being given in exchange for the land which is being acquired.
(4) It is immaterial by whom the local authority propose any activity or purpose mentioned in subsection (1) or (3)(a) is to be undertaken or achieved and in particular the local authority need not propose to undertake that activity or achieve that purpose themselves.
(5) The Secretary of State may authorise a local authority to acquire compulsorily under subsection (1) land which is not in their area.
(6) Before giving an authorisation under subsection (5), the Secretary of State shall consult the local authority within whose area the land is situated.
(7) The Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1947 shall apply to the compulsory acquisition of land under this section and accordingly shall have effect as if this section had been in force immediately before the commencement of that Act.
(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(9) Crown land must be construed in accordance with Part 12.
190 Compulsory acquisition of land by Secretary of State for the Environment.
(1) The Secretary of State for the Environment may acquire compulsorily—
(a) any land necessary for the public service, and
(b) any land which it is proposed to use not only for the public service but also—
(i) to meet the interests of proper planning of the area, or
(ii) to secure the best, or most economic development or use of the land,
otherwise than for the public service.
(1A) But subsection (1) does not permit the acquisition of any interest in Crown land unless—
(a) it is an interest which is for the time being held otherwise than by or on behalf of the Crown, and
(b) the appropriate authority consents to the acquisition.
(2) Where the Secretary of State for the Environment has acquired or proposes to acquire any land under subsection (1) (“the primary land”) and in his opinion other land ought to be acquired together with the primary land—
(a) in the interests of the proper planning of the area concerned,
(b) for the purpose of ensuring that the primary land can be used, or developed and used, (together with that other land) in what appears to him to be the best or most economic way, or
(c) where the primary land or any land acquired, or which he proposes to acquire, by virtue of paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection or of section 122(1)(a) or (b) of the Local Government, Planning and Land Act 1980, forms part of a common or open space, for the purpose of being given in exchange for that land,
he may compulsorily acquire that land.
(3) Subject to subsection (4), the power of acquiring land compulsorily under this section shall include power to acquire a servitude or other right over land by the grant of a new right.
(4) Subsection (3) shall not apply to a servitude or other right over any land which would for the purposes of the Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1947 form part of a common or open space.
(5) That Act shall apply to any compulsory acquisition by the Secretary of State for the Environment under this section as it applies to a compulsory acquisition by another Minister in a case falling within section 1(1) of that Act.
(6) In this section, “the public service” includes the service in the United Kingdom—
(a) of any international organisation or institution whether or not the United Kingdom or Her Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom is or is to become a member;
(b) of any office or agency established by such an organisation or institution or for its purposes, or established in pursuance of a treaty (whether or not the United Kingdom is or is to become a party to the treaty);
(c) of a foreign Sovereign Power or the Government of such a Power.
(7) For the purpose of subsection (6)(b), “treaty” includes any international agreement, and any protocol or annex to a treaty or international agreement.
(8) Crown land must be construed in accordance with Part 12.
(1) Where a planning authority—
(a) has acquired or appropriated any land for planning purposes, and
(b) holds that land for the purposes for which it was so acquired or appropriated,
the authority may dispose of the land to such person, in such manner and subject to such conditions as may appear to them to be expedient for the purposes mentioned in subsection (2).
(2) Those purposes are to secure—
(a) the best use of that or other land and any buildings or works which have been, or are to be, erected, constructed or carried out on it, whether by themselves or by any other person, or
(b) the erection, construction or carrying out on it of any buildings or works appearing to them to be needed for the proper planning of their area.
(3) Subject to the provisions of subsection (7), any land disposed of under this section shall not be disposed of otherwise than at the best price or on the best terms that can reasonably be obtained.
(4) Where representations are made to the Secretary of State—
(a) that a planning authority have refused to dispose of any land under this section to any person or to agree with him as to the manner in which, or the terms or conditions on or subject to which, it is to be disposed of to him, and
(b) that the refusal constitutes unfair discrimination against that person or is otherwise oppressive,
the Secretary of State may cause the representations to be intimated to the authority.
(5) After considering any statement in writing made to him by the authority, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, cause a public local inquiry to be held.
(6) After considering the report of the person appointed to hold the inquiry (if any), the Secretary of State may, if it appears to him that the representations are well founded and that it is expedient as mentioned in subsection (1) that the authority should dispose of the land under this section to that person, require the authority to offer to dispose of it to him, and give directions as to the manner of the disposal and as to all or any of the terms or conditions on or subject to which it is to be offered to him.
(7) In relation to land acquired or appropriated for planning purposes for a reason mentioned in section 189(1)(a) or (3), the powers conferred by this section on a planning authority shall be so exercised as to secure, so far as may be practicable, to persons who—
(a) were living or carrying on business or other activities on any such land,
(b) desire to obtain accommodation on such land, and
(c) are willing to comply with any requirements of the authority as to the development and use of such land,
an opportunity to obtain accommodation on it suitable to their reasonable requirements on terms settled with due regard to the price at which any such land has been acquired from them.
(8) In subsection (7), “development” includes redevelopment.
(9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(10) In relation to any such land as is mentioned in subsection (1), this section shall have effect to the exclusion of the provisions of any enactment, other than this Act, by virtue of or under which the planning authority are or may be authorised to dispose of land held by them.
192 Disposal by Secretary of State of land acquired under section 190.
(1) The Secretary of State may dispose of land held by him and acquired by him or any other Minister under section 190 to such person, in such manner and subject to such conditions as appear to him expedient.
(2) In particular, the Secretary of State may under subsection (1) dispose of land held by him for any purpose in order to secure its use for that purpose.
193 Development of land held for planning purposes.
(1) This section applies to any land acquired or appropriated by a planning authority for planning purposes and held by them for those purposes.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), the functions of a planning authority shall include power for the authority, notwithstanding any limitation imposed by law on the capacity of the authority by virtue of its constitution, to erect, construct or carry out any building or work on any land to which this section applies.
(3) Subsection (2) confers such power only if such power is not and could not be conferred on the authority or any other person by or under any enactment, other than an enactment in this Part.
(4) The functions of a planning authority shall include power for the authority, notwithstanding any such limitation as is mentioned in subsection (2), to repair, maintain and insure any buildings or works on land to which this section applies, and generally to deal therewith in a proper course of management.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorising any act or omission on the part of a planning authority which is actionable at the instance of any person on any ground other than such a limitation as is mentioned in subsection (2).
194 Extinguishment of rights over land compulsorily acquired.
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, upon the completion by the acquiring authority of a compulsory acquisition of land under this Part—
(a) all private rights of way and rights of laying down, erecting, continuing or maintaining any apparatus on, under or over the land and all other rights or servitudes in or relating to that land shall be extinguished, and
(b) any such apparatus shall vest in the acquiring authority.
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply—
(a) to any right vested in, or apparatus belonging to, statutory undertakers for the purpose of the carrying on of their undertaking,
(b) to any right conferred by or in accordance with the electronic communications code on the operator of an electronic communications code network, or
(c) to any electronic communications apparatus kept installed for the purposes of any such network .
(3) In respect of any right or apparatus not falling within subsection (2), subsection (1) shall have effect subject—
(a) to any direction given by the acquiring authority before the completion of the acquisition that subsection (1) shall not apply to any right or apparatus specified in the direction, and
(b) to any agreement which may be made (whether before or after the completion of the acquisition) between the acquiring authority and the person in or to whom the right or apparatus in question is vested or belongs.
(4) Any person who suffers loss by the extinguishment of a right or servitude or the vesting of any apparatus under this section shall be entitled to compensation from the acquiring authority.
(5) Any compensation payable under this section shall be determined in accordance with the Land Compensation (Scotland) Act 1963.
(1) Schedule 15 shall have effect for the purpose of enabling any authority to whom this section applies to vest in themselves by a declaration land which they are authorised by a compulsory purchase order to acquire and with respect to the effect of such a declaration, the payment and recovery of sums in respect of compensation for the acquisition of land so vested and other matters connected with it.
(2) This section applies to any Minister or local or other public authority authorised to acquire land by means of a compulsory purchase order, and any such authority is in Schedule 15 referred to as an acquiring authority.
(3) This section shall not apply to the compulsory acquisition of land with respect to which a compulsory purchase order was in force before 8th December 1969.
196 Power to override servitudes and other rights.
(1) The interests and rights to which this section applies are any servitude, liberty, privilege, right or advantage annexed to land and adversely affecting other land, including any natural right to support.
(2) Subject to subsection (3) the erection, construction or carrying out, or maintenance, of any building or work on land which has been acquired or appropriated by a planning authority for planning purposes, whether done by the planning authority or by a person deriving title from them, is authorised by virtue of this section if it is done in accordance with planning permission, notwithstanding that it involves—
(a) interference with an interest or right to which this section applies, or
(b) a breach of a restriction as to the use of land arising by virtue of any deed or contract.
(3) Nothing in subsection (2) authorises interference with any right of way or right of laying down, erecting, continuing or maintaining apparatus on, under or over land which is—
(a) a right vested in or belonging to statutory undertakers for the purpose of the carrying on of their undertaking, or
(b) a right conferred by or in accordance with the electronic communications code on the operator of an electronic communications code network.
(4) In respect of any interference or breach in pursuance of subsection (2), compensation—
(a) shall be payable under section 61 of the Lands Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845 or under section 6 of the Railways Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1845, and
(b) shall be assessed in the same manner and subject to the same rules as in the case of other compensation under those sections in respect of injurious affection where—
(i) the compensation is to be estimated in connection with a purchase under those Acts, or
(ii) the injury arises from the execution of works on land acquired under those Acts.
(5) Where a person deriving title from the planning authority by whom the land in question was acquired or appropriated—
(a) is liable to pay compensation by virtue of subsection (4), and
(b) fails to discharge that liability,
the liability shall, subject to subsection (6), be enforceable against the planning authority.
(6) Nothing in subsection (5) affects any agreement between the planning authority and any other person for indemnifying the planning authority against any liability under that subsection.
(7) Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorising any act or omission on the part of any person which is actionable at the instance of any person on any ground other than such an interference or breach as is mentioned in subsection (2).