133A Assessment of disabled person’s ability to control a motor car in an emergency.
(1) This section applies to any person who, by or under any provision of this Part of this Act,—
(a) is authorised to apply to undergo an emergency control assessment, or
(b) is required by the Registrar to submit himself for an emergency control assessment.
(2) An emergency control assessment is an assessment of whether the person being assessed would be able either—
(a) to take control of a motor car of a prescribed class without any modifications, or
(b) to take control of a motor car of a prescribed class only with appropriate modifications of such a motor car,
if an emergency arose while he was giving, in such a motor car, instruction in the driving of a motor car.
(3) Where a person is authorised to apply to undergo an emergency control assessment, for the application to be duly made, it must be made to the Secretary of State and must include—
(a) a declaration by the person making the application, in such form as the Secretary of State may require, stating every relevant disability or prospective disability from which the person is suffering or has at any time (or, if a period is prescribed by regulations, has during that period) suffered; and
(b) such other particulars as the Secretary of State may require.
(4) Where a person is required to submit himself for an emergency control assessment he must furnish to the Secretary of State such particulars as the Secretary of State may require.
(4A) Regulations may require a person who applies to undergo an emergency control assessment (or a part of such an assessment), or is required to submit himself for such an assessment, to pay a fee to the Secretary of State.
(5) An emergency control assessment—
(a) shall be conducted by a person appointed by the Secretary of State (in this section referred to as “the assessor”); and
(b) shall consist of such practical tests and other means of assessment as the Secretary of State may determine.
(6) On completing an emergency control assessment of a person, the assessor shall grant him an emergency control certificate if he is satisfied either—
(a) that, in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2) above, that person would be able to take control of a motor car of a prescribed class without any modifications, or
(b) that, in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2) above, that person would be able to take control of a motor car of a prescribed class only with appropriate modifications of such a motor car;
but if the assessor is not so satisfied, he shall refuse to grant a certificate to that person.
(7) An emergency control certificate granted to any person—
(a) shall specify the class of motor car covered by his disabled person’s limited driving licence in relation to which the assessor is satisfied as mentioned in subsection (6)(a) or (b) above, specifying, in a case falling within paragraph (b) the modifications that are appropriate; and
(b) may include a recommendation that that person should undergo a further emergency control assessment after the end of such period as is specified in the certificate;
and shall otherwise be in such form as the Secretary of State may determine.
(8) Different modifications for different classes of motor car may be specified under subsection (7)(a) above.
(9) The assessor who has assessed any person under this section—
(a) if he grants an emergency control certificate, shall—
(i) give or send the certificate to that person, and
(ii) send a copy of the certificate to the Registrar; and
(b) if he refuses to grant such a certificate, shall—
(i) give notice in writing to that person of his decision and of the reasons for it, and
(ii) send a copy of the notice to the Registrar.
(10) In this Part, “modifications”, in relation to a motor car, includes equipment.
(1) A person who has undergone an emergency control assessment may not apply to undergo a further assessment until after the end of—
(a) the period of six months beginning with the date of his most recent previous assessment, or
(b) such other period as may be prescribed by regulations,
unless, by virtue of section 125B(6)(a) of this Act or subsection (2) below, he is required by the Registrar to submit himself for a further assessment.
(2) A person whose name is not on the register but who holds a current emergency control certificate shall, if at any time required to do so by the Registrar, submit himself for a further emergency control assessment on the day (within such period as may be prescribed by regulations) and at the place specified by the Registrar.
(2A) A person may, for the purpose of obtaining an emergency control certificate, apply to undergo a further emergency control assessment if—
(a) he has been required to submit himself for an emergency control assessment—
(i) under section 125(2C) or 129(1B), or
(ii) as mentioned in section 125(5)(a)(ii) or 129(5ZA),
(b) on completing that assessment, the assessor refused to grant him an emergency control certificate, and
(c) the application for the further assessment is made in such circumstances as may be prescribed.
(3) In considering whether to exercise, in respect of any person, his power under subsection (2) above, the Registrar shall have regard to any recommendation included in that person’s current emergency control certificate as to the period after the end of which he should undergo a further emergency control assessment.
(4) A person who—
(a) holds a current emergency control certificate, but
(b) wishes to undergo a further emergency control assessment with a view to establishing his ability to control any class of motor car not specified in his current certificate,
may, with the consent of the Registrar and subject to subsection (5A), apply to undergo a further assessment; but a person applying to undergo a further assessment under this subsection shall not be required to make the declaration required by section 133A(3)(a) of this Act.
(5) An application made under subsection (4) above for the consent of the Registrar shall be made in such manner and be accompanied by such particulars as the Registrar may require.
(5A) A person may not apply to undergo a further emergency control assessment under subsection (4) until after the end of—
(a) the period of six months beginning with the date of his most recent previous assessment, or
(b) such other period as may be prescribed by regulations,
unless the Registrar considers it appropriate for the application to be made at such earlier time as may be specified by the Registrar.
(6) If, as a result of undergoing a further emergency control assessment, a person is granted a fresh emergency control certificate the grant of that certificate shall, with effect from the date on which it is notified as taking effect, revoke the previous certificate.
(7) If, in the case of an emergency control assessment conducted in respect of a person who holds a current emergency control certificate, the assessor is not satisfied as to either of the matters specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 133A(6), he shall revoke the certificate.
(8) Where a person’s emergency control certificate is revoked under subsection (7) above the assessor shall—
(a) serve notice in writing on him specifying—
(i) the grounds for the revocation, and
(ii) the date, not being earlier than the date of service of the notice, on which the revocation is to take effect, and
(b) send a copy of the notice to the Registrar.
(9) In this section “assessor” has the same meaning as in section 133A of this Act.
(1) This section applies to—
(a) persons whose names are in the register, and
(b) persons who hold licences under section 129 of this Act granted by virtue of subsection (2)(b) of that section.
(2) If at any time a person to whom this section applies becomes aware—
(a) that he is suffering from a relevant or prospective disability which he has not previously disclosed to the Secretary of State under section 125(2A), 129(1A) or 133A(3) or (4) of this Act, or
(b) that a relevant or prospective disability from which he has at any time suffered (and which has been previously so disclosed) has become more acute since his current emergency control certificate was granted,
he must forthwith notify the Registrar in writing of the nature and extent of his disability.
(3) Subsection (2) above does not require a person to notify the Registrar if—
(a) the disability is one from which he has not previously suffered, and
(b) he has reasonable grounds for believing that the duration of the disability will not extend beyond the period of three months beginning with the date on which he first becomes aware that he suffers from it.
(4) A person who fails without reasonable excuse to notify the Registrar as required by subsection (2) above is guilty of an offence.
133D Offences relating to giving by disabled person of paid driving instruction.
(1) This section applies to—
(a) persons whose names are in the register, and
(b) persons who hold licences under section 129 of this Act,
who have undergone emergency control assessments in accordance with a requirement imposed under section 125(2C) or 129(1B) or as mentioned in section 125(5)(a)(ii) or 129(5ZA)(a).
(2) No person to whom this section applies shall give paid instruction in the driving of a motor car unless he is the holder of a current emergency control certificate.
(3) No person to whom this section applies shall give, in any unauthorised motor car, paid instruction in the driving of a motor car.
(3A) Subsection (3) does not apply if the person to whom the instruction is given holds a full licence granted under Part 3 which is not limited by virtue of a notice served under section 92(5)(b).
(4) Where instruction is given in contravention of this section—
(a) the person by whom it is given, and
(b) if that person is employed by another to give that instruction, that other, as well as that person,
is guilty of an offence.
(5) In subsection (3) above “unauthorised motor car”, in relation to any person, means a motor car other than one which falls within the class of motor car specified in his current emergency control certificate and, where modifications are specified in that certificate, is modified in accordance with the specification.
133E Direction to disregard emergency control assessment requirement
(1) This section applies where a person has been required—
(a) under section 125(2C) or 129(1B), or
(b) as mentioned in section 125(5)(a)(ii) or 129(5ZA),
to submit himself for an emergency control assessment.
(2) At any time before the assessment takes place the Registrar may withdraw the requirement (in which case this Part applies as if the requirement had never been imposed).
(3) At any time after the assessment takes place the Registrar may direct that the requirement is to be disregarded for the purposes of this Part (and accordingly any condition that the person holds an emergency certificate is to cease to apply).
(4) Notice of—
(a) the withdrawal of a requirement under subsection (2), or
(b) a direction under subsection (3),
must be given to the person on whom the requirement was imposed.
134 Power to alter conditions for entry or retention in, and removal from, register and for grant or revocation of licences.
Regulations may—
(a) alter or add to the conditions as to which the Registrar is required by this Part of this Act to be satisfied for the entry of a name in the register, the retention of a name in the register, the removal of a name from the register, the grant of a licence and the revocation of a licence, or omit any of those conditions,
(b) alter the period at the expiration of which a person’s name which is entered or retained in the register after the coming into force of the regulation must, unless retained or further retained, be removed from the register.
135 Power to prescribe form of certificate of registration, etc.
(1) Regulations may prescribe all or any of the following—
(a) a form of certificate for issue to persons whose names are in the register as evidence of their names’ being in the register,
(b) a form of badge for use by such persons, and
(c) an official title for such use.
(2) If a person whose name is not in the register—
(a) takes or uses a title prescribed under this section, or
(b) wears or displays a badge or certificate so prescribed, or
(c) takes or uses any name, title, addition or description implying that his name is in the register,
he is guilty of an offence unless he proves that he did not know, and had no reasonable cause to believe, that his name was not in the register at the material time.
(3) If P uses, in relation to any person employed by P whose name is not in the register,
(a) a title or description prescribed under this section for use by persons whose names are in the register, or
(b) a name, title, addition or description implying that the person’s name is in the Register,
P is guilty of an offence unless P proves that P did not know, and had no reasonable cause to believe, that the person’s name was not in the register at the material time.
(5) If P issues any advertisement or invitation calculated to mislead with respect to the extent to which persons employed by P are registered under this Part, P is guilty of an offence unless P proves that P did not know, and had no reasonable cause to believe, that the advertisement or invitation was misleading in that respect at the time it was issued.
(6) In this section “P” means a person carrying on business in the provision of instruction in the driving of motor vehicles.
Where—
(a) the name of a person to whom a certificate prescribed under section 135 of this Act has been issued is removed from the register in pursuance of this Part of this Act, or
(b) a licence granted under this Part of this Act to a person expires or is revoked,
that person must, if so required by the Registrar by notice in writing, surrender the certificate or licence, as the case may be, to the Registrar within the period of fourteen days beginning with that on which the notice is given and, if he fails to do so, he is guilty of an offence.
137 Production of certificates and licences to constables and authorised persons.
(1) A person to whom a certificate prescribed under section 135 of this Act is issued, or to whom a licence under this Part of this Act is granted, must, on being so required by a constable or any person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State in that behalf, produce the certificate or licence for examination.
(2) Where—
(a) the name of a person is removed from the register, or
(b) a licence granted under this Part of this Act to a person expires or is revoked,
then, if that person fails to satisfy an obligation imposed on him by section 136 of this Act, a constable or a person authorised in writing by the Secretary of State in that behalf may require him to produce any such certificate issued to him or the licence, and upon its being produced may seize it and deliver it to the Registrar.
(3) A person who is required under subsection (1) or (2) above to produce a document and fails to do so is, subject to subsection (4) below, guilty of an offence.
(4) In proceedings against any person for an offence under subsection (3) above, it shall be a defence for him to show that—
(a) within seven days beginning with the day following that on which the production of the document was so required, it was produced—
(i) where the requirement was made by a constable, at a police station specified at the time the production was required by the person required to produce the document,
(ii) where the requirement was made by a person other than a constable, at a place specified at that time by that person, or
(b) the document was produced at that police station or, as the case may be, place as soon as was reasonably practicable, or
(c) it was not reasonably practicable for it to be produced at that police station or, as the case may be, place before the day on which the proceedings were commenced,
and for the purposes of this subsection the laying of the information or, in Scotland, the service of the complaint on the accused shall be treated as the commencement of the proceedings.
Where a body corporate is guilty of an offence under this Part of this Act and the offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to neglect on the part of, a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate, or a person who was purporting to act in any such capacity, he, as well as the body corporate, is guilty of that offence and liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
(1) A notice authorised or required to be given by this Part of this Act to a person may be given by delivering it to him, or by leaving it at his proper address, or by sending it to him by post.
(2) For the purposes of this section and of section 7 of the Interpretation Act 1978 in its application to this section, the proper address of a person shall be, in the case of a person whose name is included in the register, his address on the register, and in any other case, his usual or last known address.
(1) The Secretary of State may make regulations for any purpose for which provision is by this Part of this Act authorised to be made by regulations and for prescribing anything which may be prescribed under this Part of this Act , and in this Part of this Act “regulations” means regulations made under this section.
(2) Regulations under this section—
(a) may be expressed to apply generally or only in particular circumstances,
(b) may make different provision in relation to different cases or other circumstances or otherwise for different purposes, and
(c) may make incidental, supplementary, consequential or transitional provision or savings.
(1) Notwithstanding section 185(1) of this Act, in this Part of this Act “motor car" means a motor vehicle (other than an invalid carriage or motor cycle)—
(a) which is not constructed or adapted to carry more than nine persons inclusive of the driver, and
(b) which has a maximum gross weight not exceeding 3.5 tonnes.
(2) In subsection (1) above “maximum gross weight" has the same meaning as in Part III of this Act.
The expressions listed in the left-hand column below are respectively defined or (as the case may be) fall to be construed in accordance with the provisions of this Part of this Act listed in the right-hand column in relation to those expressions.
Expression | Relevant provision
Appropriate motor car | Section 125A(8)
“Community licence” ... | Section 125(10)
Current licence | Section 123(7)
Disability, prospective disability and relevant disability | Section 125(10)
Disabled person’s limited driving licence | Section 125A(8)
Emergency control assessment and emergency control certificate | Section 125(10)
Paid instruction | Section 123(8)
Provisional licence | Section 123(8)
The register | Section 123
Registered disabled instructor | Section 125A(8)
The Registrar | Section 125 (2)
Regulations | Section 141
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Part of this Act—
(a) a person must not use a motor vehicle on a road or other public place unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that person such a policy of insurance ... as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act, and
(b) a person must not cause or permit any other person to use a motor vehicle on a road or other public place unless there is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle by that other person such a policy of insurance ... as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act.
(2) If a person acts in contravention of subsection (1) above he is guilty of an offence.
(3) A person charged with using a motor vehicle in contravention of this section shall not be convicted if he proves—
(a) that the vehicle did not belong to him and was not in his possession under a contract of hiring or of loan,
(b) that he was using the vehicle in the course of his employment, and
(c) that he neither knew nor had reason to believe that there was not in force in relation to the vehicle such a policy of insurance ... as is mentioned in subsection (1) above.
(4) This Part of this Act does not apply to invalid carriages.
144 Exceptions from requirement of third-party insurance ... .
(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(2) Section 143 does not apply—
(a) to a vehicle owned—
(i) by the council of a county or county district in England and Wales the Broads Authority, the Common Council of the City of London, the council of a London borough a National Park authority, the Inner London Education Authority, a fire and rescue authority created by an order under section 4A of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, the London Fire Commissioner, ... , a joint authority ... established by Part 4 of the Local Government Act 1985, an economic prosperity board established under section 88 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009 , a combined authority established under section 103 of that Act or a combined county authority established under section 9(1) of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023,
(ii) by a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 in Scotland or the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service , or
(iii) by a joint board or committee in England or Wales, or joint committee in Scotland, which is so constituted as to include among its members representatives of any such council,
at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control,
(b) to a vehicle owned by a local policing body or a police authority or the Receiver for the Metropolitan Police district, at a time when it is being driven under the owner’s control, or to a vehicle at a time when it is being driven for police purposes by or under the direction of a constable, by a member of a police and crime commissioner's staff (within the meaning of Part 1 of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011), by a member of the staff of the Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (within the meaning of that Part of that Act), by a member of the civilian staff of a police force (within the meaning of that Part of that Act), by a member of the civilian staff of the metropolitan police force (within the meaning of that Part of that Act), by a person employed by the Common Council of the City of London in its capacity as a police authority, by a police volunteer designated under section 38 of the Police Reform Act 2002, or by a person employed by a police authority, ..., or
(ba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) to a vehicle at a time when it is being driven on a journey to or from any place undertaken for salvage purposes pursuant to Part IX of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995,
(d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(da) to a vehicle owned by a health service body, as defined in section 60(7) of the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 ...or by a Local Health Board established under section 11 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006, at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control.
(db) to an ambulance owned by a National Health Service trust established under section 25 of the National Health Service Act 2006, section 18 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006 or the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978, at a time when a vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control
(dc) to an ambulance owned by an NHS foundation trust, at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control,
(e) to a vehicle which is made available by the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers to any person, body or local authority in pursuance of section 12 or 80 of the National Health Service Act 2006, or section 10 or 38 of the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006, at a time when it is being used in accordance with the terms on which it is so made available,
(f) to a vehicle which is made available by the Secretary of State to any local authority, education authority or voluntary organisation in Scotland in pursuance of section 15 or 16 of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978 at a time when it is being used in accordance with the terms on which it is so made available.
(g) to a vehicle owned by the Care Quality Commission, at a time when the vehicle is being driven under the owner’s control
144A Offence of keeping vehicle which does not meet insurance requirements
(1) If a motor vehicle registered under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 does not meet the insurance requirements, the person in whose name the vehicle is registered is guilty of an offence.
(2) For the purposes of this section a vehicle meets the insurance requirements if—
(a) it is covered by a such a policy of insurance ... as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act, and
(b) either of the following conditions is satisfied.
(3) The first condition is that the policy ... , or the certificate of insurance ... which relates to it, identifies the vehicle by its registration mark as a vehicle which is covered by the policy ... .
(4) The second condition is that the vehicle is covered by the policy ... because—
(a) the policy ... covers any vehicle, or any vehicle of a particular description, the owner of which is a person named in the policy ... or in the certificate of insurance ... which relates to it, and
(b) the vehicle is owned by that person.
(5) For the purposes of this section a vehicle is covered by a policy of insurance ... if the policy of insurance ... is in force in relation to the use of the vehicle.
(1) A person (“the registered keeper”) in whose name a vehicle which does not meet the insurance requirements is registered at any particular time (“ the relevant time ”) does not commit an offence under section 144A of this Act at that time if any of the following conditions are satisfied.
(2) The first condition is that at the relevant time the vehicle is owned as described—
(a) in subsection (1) of section 144 of this Act, or
(b) in paragraph (a), (b), (da), (db), (dc) or (g) of subsection (2) of that section,
(whether or not at the relevant time it is being driven as described in that provision).
(3) The second condition is that at the relevant time the vehicle is owned with the intention that it should be used as described in paragraph (c), (d), (e) or (f) of section 144(2) of this Act.
(4) The third condition is that the registered keeper—
(a) is not at the relevant time the person keeping the vehicle, and
(b) if previously he was the person keeping the vehicle, he has by the relevant time complied with any requirements under subsection (7)(a) below that he is required to have complied with by the relevant or any earlier time.
(5) The fourth condition is that—
(a) the registered keeper is at the relevant time the person keeping the vehicle,
(b) at the relevant time the vehicle is not used on a road or other public place, and
(c) the registered keeper has by the relevant time complied with any requirements under subsection (7)(a) below that he is required to have complied with by the relevant or any earlier time.
(6) The fifth condition is that—
(a) the vehicle has been stolen before the relevant time,
(b) the vehicle has not been recovered by the relevant time, and
(c) any requirements under subsection (7)(b) below that, in connection with the theft, are required to have been complied with by the relevant or any earlier time have been complied with by the relevant time.
(6A) The sixth condition is that—
(a) the registered keeper is at the relevant time the person keeping the vehicle,
(b) neither a licence nor a nil licence under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994 was in force for the vehicle on 31st January 1998,
(c) neither a licence nor a nil licence has been taken out for the vehicle for a period starting after that date, and
(d) the vehicle has not been used or kept on a public road after that date.
(7) Regulations may make provision—
(a) for the purposes of subsection (4)(b) and (5)(c) above, requiring a person in whose name a vehicle is registered to furnish such particulars and make such declarations as may be prescribed, and to do so at such times and in such manner as may be prescribed, and
(b) for the purposes of subsection (6)(c) above, as to the persons to whom, the times at which and the manner in which the theft of a vehicle is to be notified.
(8) Regulations may make provision amending this section for the purpose of providing for further exceptions to section 144A of this Act (or varying or revoking any such further exceptions).
(9) A person accused of an offence under section 144A of this Act is not entitled to the benefit of an exception conferred by or under this section unless evidence is adduced that is sufficient to raise an issue with respect to that exception; but where evidence is so adduced it is for the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the exception does not apply.
(1) Where on any occasion the Secretary of State has reason to believe that a person has committed an offence under section 144A of this Act, the Secretary of State may give the person a notice offering him the opportunity of discharging any liability to conviction for that offence by payment of a fixed penalty to the Secretary of State.
(2) Where a person is given a notice under this section in respect of an offence under section 144A of this Act—
(a) no proceedings may be instituted for that offence before the end of the period of 21 days following the date of the notice, and
(b) he may not be convicted of that offence if he pays the fixed penalty before the end of that period.
(3) A notice under this section must give such particulars of the circumstances alleged to constitute the offence as are necessary for giving reasonable information of the offence.
(4) A notice under this section must also state—
(a) the period during which, by virtue of subsection (2) above, proceedings will not be taken for the offence,
(b) the amount of the fixed penalty, and
(c) the person to whom and the address at which the fixed penalty may be paid.
(5) Without prejudice to payment by any other method, payment of the fixed penalty may be made by pre-paying and posting a letter containing the amount of the penalty (in cash or otherwise) to the person mentioned in subsection (4)(c) above at the address so mentioned.
(6) Where a letter is sent in accordance with subsection (5) above payment is to be regarded as having been made at the time at which that letter would be delivered in the ordinary course of post.
(7) Regulations may make provision as to any matter incidental to the operation of this section, and in particular—
(a) as to the form of a notice under this section,
(b) as to the information to be provided in such a notice by virtue of this section, and
(c) as to any further information to be provided in a such notice.
(8) The fixed penalty payable under this section is, subject to subsection (9) below, £100.
(9) Regulations may substitute a different amount for the amount for the time being specified in subsection (8) above.
(10) Regulations may make provision for treating a fixed penalty payable under this section as having been paid if a lesser amount is paid before the end of a prescribed period.
(11) In any proceedings a certificate which—
(a) purports to be signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, and
(b) states that payment of a fixed penalty was or was not received by a date specified in the certificate,
is evidence of the facts stated.
(1) Schedule 2A makes provision about the immobilisation of vehicles as regards which it appears that an offence under section 144A of this Act is being committed and about their removal and disposal.
(2) A person authorised by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this subsection may on behalf of the Secretary of State conduct and appear in any proceedings by or against the Secretary of State in connection with the enforcement of an offence under section 144A of this Act or under regulations made under section 160 of this Act by virtue of Schedule 2A to this Act—
(a) in England and Wales, in a magistrates' court, and
(b) in Scotland, in any court other than the High Court of Justiciary or the Court of Session.
145 Requirements in respect of policies of insurance.
(1) In order to comply with the requirements of this Part of this Act, a policy of insurance must satisfy the following conditions.
(2) The policy must be issued by an authorised insurer.
(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, the policy—
(a) must insure such person, persons or classes of persons as may be specified in the policy in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them in respect of the death of or bodily injury to any person or damage to property caused by, or arising out of, the use of the vehicle on a road or other public place in Great Britain, and
(aa) must, in the case of a vehicle normally based in the territory of a member State, insure him or them in respect of any civil liability which may be incurred by him or them as a result of an event related to the use of the vehicle in Great Britain if,—
(i) according to the law of that territory, he or they would be required to be insured in respect of a civil liability which would arise under that law as a result of that event if the place where the vehicle was used when the event occurred were in that territory, and
(ii) the cover required by that law would be higher than that required by paragraph (a) above, and
(b) must in the case of a vehicle normally based in Great Britain insure him or them in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them in respect of the use of the vehicle and of any trailer, whether or not coupled, in the territory of Northern Ireland and of each of the member States of the European Union according to
(i) the law on compulsory insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of vehicles applicable in the territory in which the event giving rise to the liability occurred; or
(ii) if it would give higher cover, the law which would be applicable under this Part of this Act if the place where the vehicle was used when that event occurred were in Great Britain; and
(c) must also insure him or them in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them under the provisions of this Part of this Act relating to payment for emergency treatment.
(4) The policy shall not, by virtue of subsection (3)(a) above, be required—
(a) to cover liability in respect of the death, arising out of and in the course of his employment, of a person in the employment of a person insured by the policy or of bodily injury sustained by such a person arising out of and in the course of his employment, or
(b) to provide insurance of more than £1,200,000 in respect of all such liabilities as may be incurred in respect of damage to property caused by, or arising out of, any one accident involving the vehicle, or
(c) to cover liability in respect of damage to the vehicle, or
(d) to cover liability in respect of damage to goods carried for hire or reward in or on the vehicle or in or on any trailer (whether or not coupled) drawn by the vehicle, or
(e) to cover any liability of a person in respect of damage to property in his custody or under his control, or
(f) to cover any contractual liability.
(4A) In the case of a person—
(a) carried in or upon a vehicle, or
(b) entering or getting on to, or alighting from, a vehicle,
the provisions of paragraph (a) of subsection (4) above do not apply unless cover in respect of the liability referred to in that paragraph is in fact provided pursuant to a requirement of the Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969.
(5) “Authorised insurer” has the same meaning as in section 95.
(6) If any person or body of persons ceases to be a member of the Motor Insurers’ Bureau, that person or body shall not by virtue of that cease to be treated as an authorised insurer for the purposes of this Part of this Act . . . —
(a) in relation to any policy issued by the insurer before ceasing to be such a member, or
(b) in relation to any obligation (whether arising before or after the insurer ceased to be such a member) which the insurer may be called upon to meet under or in consequence of any such policy or under section 157 of this Act . . . by virtue of making a payment in pursuance of such an obligation.
(1) An insurer issuing a policy of insurance for the purposes of this Part of this Act must deliver to the person by whom the policy is effected a certificate (in this Part of this Act referred to as a “certificate of insurance”) in the prescribed form and containing such particulars of any conditions subject to which the policy is issued and of any other matters as may be prescribed.
(1A) A certificate of insurance is to be treated for the purposes of subsection (1) as having been delivered to the person by whom the policy is effected if—
(a) it is transmitted electronically by the insurer to the person in accordance with subsection (1B) below, or
(b) it is made available by the insurer to the person on a website in accordance with subsection (1C) below.
(1B) A certificate is transmitted electronically by an insurer to a person in accordance with this subsection if—
(a) on effecting the policy to which the certificate relates, the person agreed to its electronic transmission for the purposes of subsection (1) above, and
(b) the certificate is transmitted by the insurer to an electronic address specified by the person for this purpose.
(1C) A certificate is made available by an insurer to a person on a website in accordance with this subsection if—
(a) on effecting the policy to which the certificate relates, the person agreed to its being made available on a website for the purposes of subsection (1) above,
(b) the insurer makes the certificate available to the person by placing an electronic copy of it on a website, and
(c) the person is notified by the insurer, in a manner agreed by the person, of—
(i) the certificate's presence on the website,
(ii) the address of the website,
(iii) the place on the website where he may access the certificate, and
(iv) how he may access the certificate.
(1D) Where a certificate made available on a website is treated by virtue of subsection (1A)(b) above as having been delivered by an insurer to a person, the insurer must ensure that the certificate remains continuously accessible to the person on the website until the expiry of the last day on which the policy to which it relates has effect.
(1E) For the purposes of subsection (1D) above, a certificate is to be treated as remaining continuously accessible to a person on a website, despite its being temporarily inaccessible to him on the website, if the insurer has taken all reasonable steps to make it continuously accessible to him on the website (including steps to remedy any temporary inaccessibility).
(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(3) Different forms and different particulars may be prescribed for the purposes of subsection (1) ... above in relation to different cases or circumstances.
(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148 Avoidance of certain exceptions to policies ... .
(1) Where a policy is issued for the purposes of this Part of this Act, so much of the policy ... as purports to restrict—
(a) the insurance of the persons insured by the policy, ...
(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... by reference to any of the matters mentioned in subsection (2) below shall, as respects such liabilities as are required to be covered by a policy under section 145 of this Act, be of no effect.
(2) Those matters are—
(a) the age or physical or mental condition of persons driving the vehicle,
(b) the condition of the vehicle,
(c) the number of persons that the vehicle carries,
(d) the weight or physical characteristics of the goods that the vehicle carries,
(e) the time at which or the areas within which the vehicle is used,
(f) the horsepower or cylinder capacity or value of the vehicle,
(g) the carrying on the vehicle of any particular apparatus, or
(h) the carrying on the vehicle of any particular means of identification other than any means of identification required to be carried by or under the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994.
(3) Nothing in subsection (1) above requires an insurer ... to pay any sum in respect of the liability of any person otherwise than in or towards the discharge of that liability.
(4) Any sum paid by an insurer ... in or towards the discharge of any liability of any person which is covered by the policy ... by virtue only of subsection (1) above is recoverable by the insurer ... from that person.
(5) A condition in a policy issued for the purposes of this Part of this Act providing—
(a) that no liability shall arise under the policy ... , or
(b) that any liability so arising shall cease,
in the event of some specified thing being done or omitted to be done after the happening of the event giving rise to a claim under the policy ... , shall be of no effect in connection with such liabilities as are required to be covered by a policy under section 145 of this Act.
(6) Nothing in subsection (5) above shall be taken to render void any provision in a policy ... requiring the person insured ... to pay to the insurer ... any sums which the latter may have become liable to pay under the policy ... and which have been applied to the satisfaction of the claims of third parties.
(7) Notwithstanding anything in any enactment, a person issuing a policy of insurance under section 145 of this Act shall be liable to indemnify the persons or classes of persons specified in the policy in respect of any liability which the policy purports to cover in the case of those persons or classes of persons.
149 Avoidance of certain agreements as to liability towards passengers.
(1) This section applies where a person uses a motor vehicle in circumstances such that under section 143 of this Act there is required to be in force in relation to his use of it such a policy of insurance ... as complies with the requirements of this Part of this Act.
(2) If any other person is carried in or upon the vehicle while the user is so using it, any antecedent agreement or understanding between them (whether intended to be legally binding or not) shall be of no effect so far as it purports or might be held—
(a) to negative or restrict any such liability of the user in respect of persons carried in or upon the vehicle as is required by section 145 of this Act to be covered by a policy of insurance, or
(b) to impose any conditions with respect to the enforcement of any such liability of the user.
(3) The fact that a person so carried has willingly accepted as his the risk of negligence on the part of the user shall not be treated as negativing any such liability of the user.
(4) For the purposes of this section—
(a) references to a person being carried in or upon a vehicle include references to a person entering or getting on to, or alighting from, the vehicle, and
(b) the reference to an antecedent agreement is to one made at any time before the liability arose.
150 Insurance ... in respect of private use of vehicle to cover use under car-sharing arrangements.
(1) To the extent that a policy issued for the purposes of this Part of this Act—
(a) restricts the insurance of the persons insured by the policy ... to use of the vehicle for specified purposes (for example, social, domestic and pleasure purposes) of a non-commercial character, or
(b) excludes from that insurance ... —
(i) use of the vehicle for hire or reward, or
(ii) business or commercial use of the vehicle, or
(iii) use of the vehicle for specified purposes of a business or commercial character,
then, for the purposes of that policy ... so far as it relates to such liabilities as are required to be covered by a policy under section 145 of this Act, the use of a vehicle on a journey in the course of which one or more passengers are carried at separate fares shall, if the conditions specified in subsection (2) below are satisfied, be treated as falling within that restriction or as not falling within that exclusion (as the case may be).
(2) The conditions referred to in subsection (1) above are—
(a) the vehicle is not adapted to carry more than eight passengers and is not a motor cycle,
(b) the fare or aggregate of the fares paid in respect of the journey does not exceed the amount of the running costs of the vehicle for the journey (which for the purposes of this paragraph shall be taken to include an appropriate amount in respect of depreciation and general wear), and
(c) the arrangements for the payment of fares by the passenger or passengers carried at separate fares were made before the journey began.
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) above apply however the restrictions or exclusions described in subsection (1) are framed or worded.
(4) In subsections (1) and (2) above “fare” and “separate fares” have the same meaning as in section 1(4) of the Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981.
151 Duty of insurers ... to satisfy judgment against persons insured ... .
(1) This section applies where, after a policy is issued for the purposes of this Part of this Act, a judgment to which this subsection applies is obtained.
(2) Subsection (1) above applies to judgments relating to a liability with respect to any matter where liability with respect to that matter is required to be covered by a policy of insurance under section 145 of this Act and either—
(a) it is a liability covered by the terms of the policy ... ... , and the judgment is obtained against any person who is insured by the policy ... , or
(b) it is a liability, other than an excluded liability, which would be so covered if the policy insured all persons ... and the judgment is obtained against any person other than one who is insured by the policy ... .
(3) In deciding for the purposes of subsection (2) above whether a liability is or would be covered by the terms of a policy ... , so much of the policy ... as purports to restrict ... the insurance of the persons insured by the policy ... by reference to the holding by the driver of the vehicle of a licence authorising him to drive it shall be treated as of no effect.
(4) In subsection (2)(b) above “excluded liability” means a liability in respect of the death of, or bodily injury to, or damage to the property of any person who, at the time of the use which gave rise to the liability, was allowing himself to be carried in or upon the vehicle and knew or had reason to believe that the vehicle had been stolen or unlawfully taken, not being a person who—
(a) did not know and had no reason to believe that the vehicle had been stolen or unlawfully taken until after the commencement of his journey, and
(b) could not reasonably have been expected to have alighted from the vehicle.
In this subsection the reference to a person being carried in or upon a vehicle includes a reference to a person entering or getting on to, or alighting from, the vehicle.
(5) Notwithstanding that the insurer may be entitled to avoid or cancel, or may have avoided or cancelled, the policy ... , he must, subject to the provisions of this section, pay to the persons entitled to the benefit of the judgment—
(a) as regards liability in respect of death or bodily injury, any sum payable under the judgment in respect of the liability, together with any sum which, by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments, is payable in respect of interest on that sum,
(b) as regards liability in respect of damage to property, any sum required to be paid under subsection (6) below, and
(c) any amount payable in respect of costs.
(6) This subsection requires—
(a) where the total of any amounts paid, payable or likely to be payable under the policy ... in respect of damage to property caused by, or arising out of, the accident in question does not exceed £1,200,000, the payment of any sum payable under the judgment in respect of the liability, together with any sum which, by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments, is payable in respect of interest on that sum,
(b) where that total exceeds £1,200,000, the payment of either—
(i) such proportion of any sum payable under the judgment in respect of the liability as £1,200,000 bears to that total, together with the same proportion of any sum which, by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments, is payable in respect of interest on that sum, or
(ii) the difference between the total of any amounts already paid under the policy ... in respect of such damage and £1,200,000, together with such proportion of any sum which, by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments, is payable in respect of interest on any sum payable under the judgment in respect of the liability as the difference bears to that sum,
whichever is the less, unless not less than £1,200,000 has already been paid under the policy ... in respect of such damage (in which case nothing is payable).
(7) Where an insurer becomes liable under this section to pay an amount in respect of a liability of a person who is insured by a policy ... , he is entitled to recover from that person—
(a) that amount, in a case where he became liable to pay it by virtue only of subsection (3) above, or
(b) in a case where that amount exceeds the amount for which he would, apart from the provisions of this section, be liable under the policy ... in respect of that liability, the excess.
(8) Where an insurer becomes liable under this section to pay an amount in respect of a liability of a person who is not insured by a policy ... , he is entitled to recover the amount from that person or from any person who—
(a) is insured by the policy ... by the terms of which the liability would be covered if the policy insured all persons ... , and
(b) caused or permitted the use of the vehicle which gave rise to the liability.
(9) In this section—
(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) “term-liability-covered-by-the-terms-of-the-policy-or-securityliability covered by the terms of the policy ...” means a liability which is covered by the policy ... or which would be so covered but for the fact that the insurer is entitled to avoid or cancel, or has avoided or cancelled, the policy ... .
(10) In the application of this section to Scotland, the words “by virtue of any enactment relating to interest on judgments” in subsections (5) and (6) (in each place where they appear) shall be omitted.
(1) No sum is payable by an insurer under section 151 of this Act—
(a) in respect of any judgment unless, before or within seven days after the commencement of the proceedings in which the judgment was given, the insurer had notice of the bringing of the proceedings, or
(b) in respect of any judgment so long as execution on the judgment is stayed pending an appeal, or
(c) in connection with any liability if, before the happening of the event which was the cause of the death or bodily injury or damage to property giving rise to the liability, the policy ... was cancelled by mutual consent or by virtue of any provision contained in it ...
(i) before the happening of that event the certificate was surrendered to the insurer, or (in the case of a certificate delivered otherwise than as described in section 147(1A) above) the person to whom the certificate was delivered made a statutory declaration stating that the certificate had been lost or destroyed, or
(ii) after the happening of that event, but before the expiration of a period of fourteen days from the taking effect of the cancellation of the policy or security, the certificate was surrendered to the insurer, or (in the case of a certificate delivered otherwise than as described in section 147(1A) above) the person to whom it was delivered made a statutory declaration stating that the certificate had been lost or destroyed, or
(iii) either before or after the happening of that event, but within that period of fourteen days, the insurer has commenced proceedings under this Act in respect of the failure to surrender the certificate.
(2) No sum is payable by an insurer under section 151 of this Act in connection with any liability if, before the happening of the event which was the cause of the death or bodily injury or damage to property giving rise to the liability, the insurer has obtained a declaration—
(a) that, apart from any provision contained in the policy ... , he is entitled to avoid the policy under either of the relevant insurance enactments ... on the ground that it was obtained—
(i) by the non-disclosure of a material fact, or
(ii) by a representation of fact which was false in some material particular, or
(b) if he has avoided the policy under either of the relevant insurance enactments ... on that ground, that he was entitled so to do apart from any provision contained in the policy ...
and, for the purposes of this section, “material” means of such a nature as to influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in determining whether he will take the risk and, if so, at what premium and on what conditions..
(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(5) In this section, “relevant insurance enactment” means the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 or Part 2 of the Insurance Act 2015.
153 Bankruptcy, etc., of insured ... persons not to affect claims by third parties.
(1) Where, after a person has effected a policy of insurance ... for the purposes of this Part of this Act, an event which results in that person being a relevant person for the purposes of the Third Parties (Rights against Insurers) Act 2010 happens, the happening of that event shall, notwithstanding anything in the that Act, not affect any such liability of that person as is required to be covered by a policy of insurance under section 145 of this Act.
(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(3) Nothing in subsection (1) above affects any rights conferred by the Third Parties (Rights against Insurers) Act 2010 on the person to whom the liability was incurred, being rights so conferred against the person by whom the policy was issued ... .
154 Duty to give information as to insurance ... where claim made.
(1) A person against whom a claim is made in respect of any such liability as is required to be covered by a policy of insurance under section 145 of this Act must, on demand by or on behalf of the person making the claim—
(a) state whether or not, in respect of that liability—
(i) he was insured by a policy having effect for the purposes of this Part of this Act ... , or
(ii) he would have been so insured if the insurer had not avoided or cancelled the policy, and
(b) if he was or would have been so insured ... —
(i) give such particulars with respect to that policy ... as were specified in any certificate of insurance ... delivered in respect of that policy ... under section 147 of this Act, or
(ii) where no such certificate was delivered under that section, give the following particulars, that is to say, the registration mark or other identifying particulars of the vehicle concerned, the number or other identifying particulars of the insurance policy issued in respect of the vehicle, the name of the insurer and the period of the insurance cover.
(2) If without reasonable excuse, a person fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (1) above, or wilfully makes a false statement in reply to any such demand as is referred to in that subsection, he is guilty of an offence.
156 Power to require evidence of insurance ... on application for vehicle excise licence.
Provision may be made by regulations under section 57 of the Vehicle Excise and RegistrationAct 1994 for requiring a person applying for a licence under that Act in respect of a motor vehicle to produce such evidence as may be prescribed that either—
(a) on the date when the licence comes into operation there will be in force the necessary policy of insurance ... in relation to the use of the vehicle by the applicant or by other persons on his order or with his permission, or
(b) the vehicle is a vehicle to which section 143 of this Act does not apply at a time when it is being driven under the owner’s control.
156A Assimilated law relating to compulsory insurance
(1) To the extent that Article 3 of the 2009 Motor Insurance Directive (as it had effect at any time) is relevant to any question as to the interpretation or effect of any provision of this Part, references in that Article to liability in respect of the use of vehicles are to be read as not including liability in respect of the use in Great Britain of vehicles—
(a) other than motor vehicles, or
(b) otherwise than on a road or other public place.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to any question for the purposes of section 145(3)(aa) or (b) as to the interpretation or effect of the law on compulsory insurance of, or applicable in, a member State or Northern Ireland.
(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4) Accordingly, to the extent that it is inconsistent with subsection (1) ..., assimilated case law ceases to have effect.
(5) In this section—
“the 2009 Motor Insurance Directive” means Directive 2009/103/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, and the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability;
...
“assimilated case law” has the same meaning as in the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (see section 6(7) of that Act);
...
(6) Nothing in this section applies in relation to the use of a vehicle before the day on which section 1 of the Motor Vehicles (Compulsory Insurance) Act 2022 comes into force.
157 Payment for hospital treatment of traffic casualties.
(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, where—
(a) a payment, other than a payment under section 158 of this Act, is made (whether or not with an admission of liability) in respect of the death of, or bodily injury to, any person arising out of the use of a motor vehicle on a road or in a place to which the public have a right of access, and
(b) the payment is made by an authorised insurer, the payment being made under or in consequence of a policy issued under section 145 of this Act, and
(c) the person who has so died or been bodily injured has to the knowledge of the insurer or owner, as the case may be, received treatment at a hospital, whether as an in-patient or as an out-patient, in respect of the injury so arising,
the insurer or owner must pay the expenses reasonably incurred by the hospital in affording the treatment, after deducting from the expenses any moneys actually received in payment of a specific charge for the treatment, not being moneys received under any contributory scheme.
(2) The amount to be paid shall not exceed £2,949.00 for each person treated as an in-patient or £295.00 for each person treated as an out-patient.
(3) For the purposes of this section “expenses reasonably incurred” means—
(a) in relation to a person who receives treatment at a hospital as an in-patient, an amount for each day he is maintained in the hospital representing the average daily cost, for each in-patient, of the maintenance of the hospital and the staff of the hospital and the maintenance and treatment of the in-patients in the hospital, and
(b) in relation to a person who receives treatment at a hospital as an out-patient, reasonable expenses actually incurred.
158 Payment for emergency treatment of traffic casualties.
(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—
(a) medical or surgical treatment or examination is immediately required as a result of bodily injury (including fatal injury) to a person caused by, or arising out of, the use of a motor vehicle on a road, and
(b) the treatment or examination so required (in this Part of this Act referred to as “emergency treatment”) is effected by a legally qualified medical practitioner.
(2) The person who was using the vehicle at the time of the event out of which the bodily injury arose must, on a claim being made in accordance with the provisions of section 159 of this Act, pay to the practitioner (or, where emergency treatment is effected by more than one practitioner, to the practitioner by whom it is first effected)—
(a) a fee of £21.30 in respect of each person in whose case the emergency treatment is effected by him, and
(b) a sum, in respect of any distance in excess of two miles which he must cover in order—
(i) to proceed from the place from which he is summoned to the place where the emergency treatment is carried out by him, and
(ii) to return to the first mentioned place,
equal to 41 pence for every complete mile and additional part of a mile of that distance.
(3) Where emergency treatment is first effected in a hospital, the provisions of subsections (1) and (2) above with respect to payment of a fee shall, so far as applicable, but subject (as regards the recipient of a payment) to the provisions of section 159 of this Act, have effect with the substitution of references to the hospital for references to a legally qualified medical practitioner.
(4) Liability incurred under this section by the person using a vehicle shall, where the event out of which it arose was caused by the wrongful act of another person, be treated for the purposes of any claim to recover damage by reason of that wrongful act as damage sustained by the person using the vehicle.
159 Supplementary provisions as to payments for treatment.
(1) A payment falling to be made under section 157 or 158 of this Act in respect of treatment in a hospital must be made to the hospital
(2) A claim for a payment under section 158 of this Act may be made at the time when the emergency treatment is effected, by oral request to the person who was using the vehicle, and if not so made must be made by request in writing served on him within seven days from the day on which the emergency treatment was effected.
(3) Any such request in writing—
(a) must be signed by the claimant or, in the case of a hospital, by an executive officer of the hospital claiming the payment.
(b) must state the name and address of the claimant, the circumstances in which the emergency treatment was effected, and that it was first effected by the claimant or, in the case of a hospital, in the hospital, and
(c) may be served by delivering it to the person who was using the vehicle or by sending it in a prepaid registered letter, or the recorded delivery service, addressed to him at his usual or last known address.
(4) A payment made under section 158 of this Act shall operate as a discharge, to the extent of the amount paid, of any liability of the person who was using the vehicle, or of any other person, to pay any sum in respect of the expenses or remuneration of the practitioner or hospital concerned of or for effecting the emergency treatment.
(5) A chief officer of police must, if so requested by a person who alleges that he is entitled to claim a payment under section 158 of this Act, provide that person with any information at the disposal of the chief officer—
(a) as to the identification marks of any motor vehicle which that person alleges to be a vehicle out of the use of which the bodily injury arose, and
(b) as to the identity and address of the person who was using the vehicle at the time of the event out of which it arose.
(1) Regulations may make provision for and in connection with requiring MIIC to make information available to any prescribed person for the purposes of the exercise of any of that person's functions in connection with the enforcement of an offence under this Part of this Act or under regulations made under section 160 of this Act.
(2) In this section—
“ MIIC ” means the Motor Insurers' Information Centre (a company limited by guarantee and incorporated under the Companies Act 1985 on 8th December 1998), and
“ information ” means information held in any form.
(1) The Secretary of State may make regulations for any purpose for which regulations may be made under this Part of this Act and for prescribing anything which may be prescribed under this Part of this Act and generally for the purpose of carrying this Part of this Act into effect.
In this Part of this Act “regulations” means regulations under this section and “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations.
(2) In particular, but without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, the regulations may make provision—
(a) as to forms to be used for the purposes of this Part of this Act,
(b) as to applications for and the issue of certificates of insurance ... and any other documents which may be prescribed, and as to the keeping of records . . . and the providing of particulars of them or the giving of information with respect to them to the Secretary of State or a chief officer of police,
(c) as to the issue of copies of any such certificates or other documents which are lost or destroyed,
(d) as to the custody, production, cancellation and surrender of any such certificates or other documents, . . .
(da) for or in connection with the transmission or making available of certificates of insurance as described in section 147(1A)(a) or (b) of this Act, and
(e) for providing that any provisions of this Part of this Act shall, in relation to vehicles brought into Great Britain by persons making only a temporary stay in Great Britain, have effect subject to such modifications and adaptations as may be prescribed.
(1) In this Part of this Act—
“ hospital ” means any institution which provides medical or surgical treatment for in-patients, other than—
a health service hospital within the meaning of the National Health Service Act 2006 or the National Health Service (Wales) Act 2006 or the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
any institution carried on for profit,
“policy of insurance” includes a covering note,
“salvage” means the preservation of a vessel which is wrecked, stranded or in distress, or the lives of persons belonging to, or the cargo or apparel of, such a vessel, and
“under the owner’s control” means, in relation to a vehicle, that it is being driven by the owner or by a servant of the owner in the course of his employment or is otherwise subject to the control of the owner.
(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(3) In this Part of this Act, any reference to an accident includes a reference to two or more causally related accidents.