Finance Act 2000

80 Fixtures and machinery and plant on hire-purchase etc.

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81 Production sharing contracts.

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82 Tonnage tax.

Schedule 22 to this Act (tonnage tax) has effect.

83 Relief for interest on loans to buy annuities.

(1) In section 365(3) of the Taxes Act 1988 (loans to buy annuities)— (a) for the words “the qualifying maximum for the year of assessment", in the first place where they occur, there shall be substituted the words “ the sum of £30,000 ”; and (b) for those words, in the second place where they occur, there shall be substituted the words “ that sum ”. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) In section 369(1A) of that Act (deductible percentage where interest payable under deduction of tax), for the words from “the percentage" to the end there shall be substituted “ 23 per cent. ”. (4) This section has effect in relation to payments of interest made on or after 6th April 2000.

84 Exemption of payments under New Deal 50plus.

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85 Exemption of payments under Employment Zones programme.

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86 Loan where return bears inverse relationship to results.

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87 Tax treatment of acquisition, disposal or revaluation of certain rights.

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88 Contributions to local enterprise agencies, etc.

In sections 79(11) and 79A(7) of the Taxes Act 1988 (relief for contributions to local enterprise agencies, business links and similar organisations: time limits), the words “and before 1st April 2000" shall cease to have effect.

89 Waste disposal: entitlement of successor to allowances.

In Chapter V of Part IV of the Taxes Act 1988 (provisions relating to the Schedule D charge: deductions), after section 91B (waste disposal: site preparation), insert— Waste disposal: entitlement of successor to allowances. 91BA (1) This section applies where— (a) site preparation expenditure has been incurred in relation to a waste disposal site, (b) that expenditure was incurred by a person in the course of carrying on a trade, and (c) on or after 21st March 2000— (i) that person (“the predecessor”) ceases to carry on that trade, or ceases to carry it on so far as it relates to that site, and (ii) another person (“the successor”) begins to carry on that trade, or to carry on in the course of a trade the activities formerly carried on by the predecessor in relation to that site. (2) If the conditions specified in the following provisions of this section are met, then, for the purposes of section 91B above— (a) the trade carried on by the successor shall be treated as the same trade as that carried on by the predecessor, and (b) allowances shall be made to the successor (and not to the predecessor) as if everything done to or by the predecessor had been done to or by the successor. (3) The first condition is that the whole of the site in question is transferred to the successor. Provided the successor holds an estate or interest in the whole of the site, it need not be the same as that held by the predecessor. (4) The second condition is that the successor, at the time he first deposits waste material at the site, holds a relevant licence in respect of the site which is then in force. (5) Expressions used in this section have the same meaning as in section 91B. .

90 Restriction of gifts relief.

(1) In section 165(1) of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (relief for gifts of business assets), in the closing words (which list the provisions restricting relief), for “sections 166 and 167" substitute “ sections 166, 167 and 169 ”. (2) In section 260(1) of that Act (gifts on which inheritance tax is chargeable etc.), in the closing words (which list the provisions restricting relief), for “section 261" substitute “ sections 169 and 261 ”. (3) In section 165(2)(b)(i) of, and paragraph 2(2)(b)(i) of Schedule 7 to, that Act (shares or securities in respect of which gifts relief may be claimed), for “neither listed on a recognised stock exchange nor dealt in on the Unlisted Securities Market" substitute “ not listed on a recognised stock exchange ”. (4) In section 165(3)(b) of that Act (disposals of shares or securities excepted from gifts relief), after “shares or securities," insert “ the transferee is a company or ”. (5) This section has effect in relation to disposals made on or after 9th November 1999.

91 Disposal of interest in settled property: deemed disposal of underlying assets.

(1) After section 76 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992, insert— Disposal of interest in settled property: deemed disposal of underlying assets. 76A Schedule 4A to this Act has effect with respect to disposals for consideration of an interest in settled property. . (2) After Schedule 4 to that Act insert the Schedule 4A set out in Schedule 24 to this Act. (3) This section applies to any disposal of an interest in settled property made, or the effective completion of which falls, on or after 21st March 2000. Expressions used in this subsection have the same meaning as in Schedule 4A to the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992.

92 Transfers of value by trustees linked with trustee borrowing.

(1) After section 76A of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (inserted by section 91(1) above), insert— Transfers of value by trustees linked with trustee borrowing. 76B Schedule 4B to this Act has effect with respect to transfers of value by trustees that are, in accordance with the Schedule, treated as linked with trustee borrowing. . (2) After Schedule 4A to that Act (inserted by section 91(2) above), insert the Schedule 4B set out in Schedule 25 to this Act. (3) After section 85 of that Act, insert— Transfers of value: attribution of gains to beneficiaries. 85A Schedule 4C to this Act has effect with respect to the attribution to beneficiaries of gains accruing under Schedule 4B. . (4) After Schedule 4B to the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (inserted by subsection (2) above), insert the Schedule 4C set out in Part I of Schedule 26 to this Act. The consequential amendments in Part II of Schedule 26 to this Act have effect. (5) The provisions of this section have effect in relation to any transfer of value in relation to which the material time is on or after 21st March 2000. The expressions “transfer of value” and “material time” have the same meaning in this subsection as in Schedule 4B to the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992.

93 Restriction on set-off of trust losses.

(1) After section 79 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992, insert— Restriction on set-off of trust losses. 79A (1) This section applies to a chargeable gain accruing to the trustees of a settlement where— (a) in computing the gain, the allowable expenditure is reduced in consequence, directly or indirectly, of a claim to gifts relief in relation to an earlier disposal to the trustees; (b) the transferor on that earlier disposal, or any person connected with the transferor, has at any time— (i) acquired an interest in the settled property, or (ii) entered into an arrangement to acquire such an interest; and (c) in connection with that acquisition or arrangement any person has at any time received, or become entitled to receive, any consideration. (2) Where this section applies to a chargeable gain, no allowable losses accruing to the trustees (in the year in which the gain accrues or any earlier year) may be set against the gain. This applies to the whole of the chargeable gain (and not just the element deferred as a result of the claim to gifts relief). (3) In this section— (a) “gifts relief” means relief under section 165 or 260; and (b) references to losses not being allowed to be set against a chargeable gain are to the losses not being allowed as a deduction against chargeable gains to the extent that they include that gain. (4) The references in subsection (1)(b) above to an interest in settled property have the same meaning as in Schedule 4A. . (2) This section applies to gains accruing on or after 21st March 2000.

94 Attribution to trustees of gains of non-resident companies.

(1) After section 79A of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (inserted by section 93 above), insert— Attribution to trustees of gains of non-resident companies. 79B (1) This section applies where trustees of a settlement are participators— (a) in a close company, or (b) in a company that is not resident in the United Kingdom but would be a close company if it were resident in the United Kingdom. For this purpose “participator” has the same meaning as in section 13. (2) Where this section applies, nothing in any double taxation relief arrangements shall be read as preventing a charge to tax arising by virtue of the attribution to the trustees under section 13, by reason of their participation in the company mentioned in subsection (1) above, of any part of a chargeable gain accruing to a company that is not resident in the United Kingdom. (3) Where this section applies and— (a) a chargeable gain accrues to a company that is not resident in the United Kingdom but would be a close company if it were resident in the United Kingdom, and (b) all or part of the chargeable gain is treated under section 13(2) as accruing to a close company which is not chargeable to corporation tax in respect of the gain by reason of double taxation relief arrangements, and (c) had the company mentioned in paragraph (b) (and any other relevant company) not been resident in the United Kingdom, all or part of the chargeable gain would have been attributed to the trustees by reason of their participation in the company mentioned in subsection (1) above, section 13(9) shall apply as if the company mentioned in paragraph (b) above (and any other relevant company) were not resident in the United Kingdom. (4) The references in subsection (3) above to “any other relevant company" are to any other company which if it were not resident in the United Kingdom would be a company in relation to which section 13(9) applied with the result that all or part of the chargeable gain was attributed to the trustees as mentioned in that subsection. . (2) This section applies where a chargeable gain accrues on or after 21st March 2000 to a company that is not resident in the United Kingdom.

95 Disposal of interest in non-resident settlement.

(1) Section 85 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (disposal of interest in non-resident settlements) is amended as follows. (2) In subsection (2) (market value uplift for interest where trustees become non-resident) for “Subject to subsections (4) and (9) below," substitute “ Subject to subsections (4), (9) and (10) below, ”. (3) In subsection (5) (market value uplift for interest where trustees become treaty non-resident), at the beginning insert “ Subject to subsection (10) below, ”. (4) After subsection (9) add— (10) Subsection (3) or (7) above does not apply to the disposal of an interest created by or arising under a settlement which has relevant offshore gains at the material time. The material time is— (a) in relation to subsection (3) above, the relevant time within the meaning of section 80; (b) in relation to subsection (7) above, the time found under subsection (8) above. (11) For the purposes of subsection (10) above, a settlement has relevant offshore gains at any time if, were the year of assessment to end at that time, there would be an amount of trust gains which by virtue of section 89(2) or paragraph 8(3) of Schedule 4C would be available to be treated as chargeable gains accruing to any beneficiaries of the settlement receiving capital payments in the following year of assessment. . (5) This section applies where the material time (within the meaning of section 85(10) of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992, inserted by subsection (4) above) falls on or after 21st March 2000.

96 Payments by trustees to non-resident companies.

(1) In section 96(5) of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (capital payments by trustees to non-resident company), in the opening words (which refer to the persons by whom the company is controlled), omit “and each of them is then resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom". (2) This section applies to payments received on or after 21st March 2000.

97 Group relief for non-resident companies etc.

Schedule 27 to this Act has effect. In that Schedule— Part I makes amendments of Chapter IV of Part X of the Taxes Act 1988 (group relief), and Part II contains consequential amendments.

98 Recovery of tax payable by non-resident company.

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99 Joint arrangements for claims.

In paragraph 77 of Schedule 18 to the Finance Act 1998 (power to make provision by regulations about joint arrangements for group relief), in sub-paragraph (1)(a) (arrangements permitting claim for relief without copy of notice of consent to surrender), after “the surrendering company" insert “ , provided authority for the claim being so made is given by a company which is authorised in relation to the claimant company as mentioned in paragraph (b) ”.

100 Limit on amount of group relief in case of consortium claim.

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101 Civil penalties: incorrect certificates

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102 Chargeable gains: non-resident companies and groups etc.

Schedule 29 to this Act has effect. In that Schedule— Part I makes provision with respect to the application of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 to companies not resident in the United Kingdom and groups of companies etc, Part II contains minor and consequential amendments, and Part III contains transitional provisions.

103 Double taxation relief.

Schedule 30 to this Act (double taxation relief) shall have effect.

104 Controlled foreign companies.

Schedule 31 to this Act (which makes provision in relation to controlled foreign companies) shall have effect.

105 Corporation tax: use of currencies other than sterling.

(1) For sections 92 to 95 of the Finance Act 1993 there shall be substituted— The basic rule: sterling to be used. 92 (1) Where a company carries on a business, the profits or losses of the business for an accounting period shall for the purposes of corporation tax be computed and expressed in sterling; but this is subject to section 93 below. (2) In this section— “losses” includes management expenses and any allowances falling to be made under section 28 or 61(1) of the Capital Allowances Act 1990; “profits” includes gains, income and any charges falling to be made under section 28 or 61(1) of that Act. Use of currency other than sterling. 93 (1) This section applies where in an accounting period a company carries on a business and either the first condition or the second condition is fulfilled. (2) The first condition is that— (a) the accounts of the company as a whole are prepared in a currency other than sterling in accordance with normal accounting practice; and (b) in the case of a company which is not resident in the United Kingdom, the company makes a return of accounts for its branch in the United Kingdom prepared in such a currency in accordance with such practice. (3) The second condition is that— (a) the accounts of the company as a whole are prepared in sterling but, so far as relating to the business, they are prepared, using the closing rate/net investment method, from financial statements prepared in a currency other than sterling; or (b) in the case of a company which is not resident in the United Kingdom, the company makes a return of accounts for its branch in the United Kingdom prepared in sterling but, so far as relating to the business, it is prepared, using that method, from financial statements prepared in such a currency. (4) The profits or losses of the business for an accounting period shall for the purposes of corporation tax be found by— (a) taking the amount of all the profits and losses of the business for the period computed and expressed in the relevant foreign currency; (b) taking account of any of the following which are so computed and expressed— (i) any management expenses brought forward under section 75(3) of the Taxes Act 1988 from an earlier accounting period; (ii) any losses of the business brought forward under section 392B or 393 of that Act from such a period; and (iii) any non-trading deficits on loan relationships brought forward under section 83 of the Finance Act 1996 from the previous accounting period; and (c) taking the sterling equivalent of the amount found by applying paragraphs (a) and (b) above. (5) In the application of section 22B, 34, 35, 38C, 38D or 79A of the Capital Allowances Act 1990 for the purposes of subsection (4)(a) or (b) above, it shall be assumed that any sterling amount mentioned in any of those sections is its equivalent expressed in the relevant foreign currency. (6) Where in an accounting period— (a) a company carries on different parts of a business through different branches (whether within or outside the United Kingdom); and (b) this section would apply differently in relation to different parts if they were separate businesses, those parts shall be treated for the purposes of this section as if they were separate businesses for that period. (7) In this section, unless the context otherwise requires— “accounts”, in relation to a company, means— the annual accounts of the company prepared in accordance with Part VII of the Companies Act 1985 or Part VIII of the Companies (Northern Ireland) Order 1986; or if the company is not required to prepare such accounts, the accounts which it is required to keep under the law of its home State; or if the company is not so required to keep accounts, such of its accounts as most closely correspond to accounts which it would have been required to prepare if the provisions of that Part applied to it; “branch” includes any collection of assets and liabilities; “the closing rate/net investment method” means the method so called as described under the title “Foreign currency translation” in the Statement of Standard Accounting Practice issued in April 1983 by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; “home State”, in relation to a company, means the country or territory under whose laws the company is incorporated; “losses” has the same meaning as in section 92 above except that it does not include allowable losses within the meaning of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992; “profits” has the same meaning as in section 92 above except that it does not include chargeable gains within the meaning of that Act; “the relevant foreign currency” means the currency other than sterling or, where the first condition is fulfilled and two different such currencies are involved, the currency in which the return of accounts is prepared; “return of accounts”, in relation to a branch in the United Kingdom, means a return of such accounts of the branch as may be required by the Inland Revenue under paragraph 3 of Schedule 18 to the Finance Act 1998 (company tax returns, assessments and related matters). Rules for ascertaining currency equivalents. 94 (1) Any receipt or expense which is to be taken into account in making a computation under subsection (1) of section 92 above for an accounting period, and is denominated in a currency other than sterling, shall be translated into its sterling equivalent— (a) if either of the conditions mentioned in subsection (2) below is fulfilled, by reference to the rate used in the preparation of the accounts of the company as a whole for that period; (b) if neither of those conditions is fulfilled, by reference to the London closing exchange rate for the relevant day. (2) The conditions are— (a) that the rate is an arm’s length exchange rate for the relevant day; (b) that the rate is an average arm’s length exchange rate for a period ending with that day, or for a period not exceeding three months which includes that day, and the arm’s length exchange rate for any day in that period (except the first) is not significantly different from that for the preceding day. (3) Subject to subsections (5) and (7) below, any amount found by applying paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (4) of section 93 above shall be translated into its sterling equivalent by reference to the London closing exchange rate for the relevant day. (4) The following— (a) any receipt or expense which is to be taken into account in making a calculation for the purposes of subsection (4)(a) or (b) of section 93 above, and is denominated in a currency other than the relevant foreign currency; and (b) any such sterling amount as is referred to in subsection (5) of that section, shall be translated into its equivalent expressed in the relevant foreign currency by reference to the London closing exchange rate for the relevant day. (5) Where section 93 above applies by virtue of the first condition mentioned in that section, then, as regards the business or part of the business, the company— (a) may elect, by a notice given to an officer of the Board, that as from the first day of the accounting period in which the notice is given, an average arm’s length exchange rate shall be used for the purposes of subsection (3) above instead of the rate there mentioned; and (b) may withdraw such an election, by a notice so given, as from the first day of the first accounting period beginning on or after the date of the notice. (6) Where an election under subsection (5) above is withdrawn, no further election may be made under that subsection so as to take effect before the third anniversary of the day on which the withdrawal takes effect. (7) Where— (a) section 93 above applies by virtue of the second condition mentioned in that section; and (b) the accounts of the company, so far as relating to the business or part of the business, are prepared by reference to an average arm’s length exchange rate, that exchange rate shall be used for the purposes of subsection (3) above instead of the rate there mentioned. (8) In this section— “accounts” has the same meaning as in section 93 above; “arm’s length exchange rate” means such exchange rate as might reasonably be expected to be agreed between persons dealing at arm’s length; “average arm’s length exchange rate”, in relation to a period, means the rate which represents an appropriate average of arm’s length exchange rates for the period; “the relevant day” means— for the purposes of subsections (1), (2) and (4)(a) above, the day on which the company becomes entitled to the receipt or incurs (or is treated as incurring) the expense; for the purposes of subsection (3) above, the last day of the accounting period in question; for the purposes of subsection (4)(b) above, the day on which the company incurs the capital expenditure. (9) Nothing in this section affects the operation of Chapter IV of Part VII of the Taxes Act 1988 (controlled foreign companies) or Chapter II of this Part. (10) Nothing in paragraph 88 of Schedule 18 to the Finance Act 1998 (company tax returns, assessments and related matters) shall be taken to prevent any amount which is taken to be conclusively determined for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts from being translated under this section by reference to an exchange rate which was not used to determine the amount which can no longer be altered. . (2) Where any of the items referred to in section 93(4)(b) of the Finance Act 1993 (as substituted by subsection (1) above) fall to be taken into account in the first accounting period in relation to which this section has effect, the amounts of those items shall be computed and expressed in the relevant currency by reference to the London closing exchange rate for the last day of the immediately preceding accounting period. (3) Where any amount falls to be taken into account under Chapter 5 of Part 2 of the Capital Allowances Act as available qualifying expenditure for the first accounting period in relation to which this section has effect relate to expenditure which was incurred before the beginning of that period, the amounts of those items shall be computed and expressed in the relevant currency by reference to the London closing exchange rate for the last day of the immediately preceding accounting period. (4) Subject to subsection (5) below, this section has effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 1st January 2000 and ending on or after 21st March 2000. (5) Any company which did not, for the accounting period immediately preceding the first accounting period falling within subsection (4) above, make an election in respect of a trade or part of a trade under the Local Currency Elections Regulations 1994 may, by notice given to an officer of the Board on or before 31st August 2000, elect that this section shall not have effect in relation to it until the first accounting period beginning on or after 1st July 2000.

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107 General insurance reserves.

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108 Overseas life assurance business.

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109 Insurance business: apportionment rules.

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110 Rent factoring.

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111 Payments under deduction of tax.

(1) Chapter VIIA of Part IV of the Taxes Act 1988 (paying and collecting agents) shall cease to have effect. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) In this section— (a) subsections (1) and (5) apply to relevant payments or receipts in relation to which the chargeable date for the purposes of Chapter VIIA of Part IV is on or after 1st April 2001; (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112 UK public revenue dividends: deduction of tax.

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113 Tax treatment of expenditure on production or acquisition of films.

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114 Rates: conveyance or transfer on sale.

(1) In Schedule 13 to the Finance Act 1999 (instruments chargeable and rates of duty), in Part I (conveyance or transfer on sale), in the third column of the table in paragraph 4— (a) in the third entry, for “2.5%" substitute “ 3% ”; and (b) in the fourth entry, for “3.5%" substitute “ 4% ”. (2) This section applies to instruments executed on or after 28th March 2000. (3) But this section does not apply to an instrument giving effect to a contract made on or before 21st March 2000, unless— (a) the instrument is made in consequence of the exercise after that date of any option, right of pre-emption or similar right; or (b) the instrument transfers the property in question to, or vests it in, a person other than the purchaser under the contract, because of an assignment (or, in Scotland, assignation) or further contract made after that date. (4) This section shall be deemed to have come into force on 28th March 2000.

115 Rates: duty on lease chargeable by reference to rent.

(1) In Schedule 13 to the Finance Act 1999 (instruments chargeable and rates of duty), in Part II (lease)— (a) in paragraph 11, in paragraph 1 of the table, and (b) in paragraph 12(3), in paragraph 1(a) and (b) of the table, for “£500" substitute “ £5,000 ”. (2) This section has effect in relation to instruments executed on or after 28th March 2000. (3) This section shall be deemed to have come into force on 28th March 2000.

116 Rate of duty on seven year leases.

(1) In paragraph 12(3) of Schedule 13 to the Finance Act 1999 (rates of stamp duty on leases where part of consideration is rent), in paragraph 1 of the table, for “less than 7 years" substitute “ not more than 7 years ”. (2) This section applies to instruments executed on or after 1st October 1999, subject to Schedule 32 to this Act (which makes transitional provision for instruments executed on or after 1st October 1999 but before 28th March 2000). (3) This section shall be deemed to have come into force on 28th March 2000.

117 Power to vary stamp duties.

Schedule 33 to this Act (power to vary stamp duties) has effect.

118 Land transferred etc for other property.

(1) Subsection (2) applies where— (a) an instrument transferring or vesting an estate or interest in land would not, apart from this section, be or fall to be treated as a conveyance or transfer on sale for the purposes of stamp duty; but (b) the transfer or vesting of the estate or interest is for consideration; and (c) the consideration is or includes any property (“the other property”). (2) For the purposes of Part I of Schedule 13 to the Finance Act 1999 (stamp duty on conveyance or transfer on sale) the instrument transferring or vesting the estate or interest shall be taken to be a transfer on sale of the estate or interest. (3) If— (a) the other property is or includes one or more estates or interests in land, and (b) ad valorem duty is chargeable on the conveyance or transfer of all or any of those estates or interests, the amount of duty that would (apart from this subsection) be chargeable in consequence of subsection (2) on the transfer on sale there mentioned shall be reduced (but not below nil) by the total of thead valorem duty chargeable as mentioned in paragraph (b). (4) If, for the purposes of Part I of Schedule 13 to the Finance Act 1999, the amount or value of the consideration for the transfer on sale mentioned in subsection (2) would (apart from this subsection) exceed the market value of the estate or interest immediately before the execution of the instrument transferring or vesting it, the amount or value of the consideration shall be taken for those purposes to be equal to that market value. (5) For the purposes of this section, the market value of property at any time is the price which that property might reasonably be expected to fetch on a sale at that time in the open market. (6) Subsection (2) has effect even though— (a) the transfer or vesting of the estate or interest is the whole or part of the consideration for a sale of the other property; or (b) the transaction is by way of exchange. (7) Subsection (2) does not affect any charge to stamp duty in respect of the same or any other instrument so far as it relates to the transfer of the other property. (8) This section is subject to subsection (5) of section 119. (9) This section shall be construed as one with the Stamp Act 1891. (10) This section applies to instruments executed on or after 28th March 2000. (11) But this section does not apply to an instrument giving effect to a contract made on or before 21st March 2000, unless— (a) the instrument is made in consequence of the exercise after that date of any option, right of pre-emption or similar right; or (b) the instrument transfers the property in question to, or vests it in, a person other than the purchaser under the contract, because of an assignment (or, in Scotland, assignation) or further contract made after that date. (12) This section shall be deemed to have come into force on 28th March 2000.

119 Transfer of land to connected company.

(1) This section applies where an estate or interest in land is transferred to or vested in a company (“A”) and— (a) the person transferring or vesting the estate or interest (“B”) is connected with A; or (b) some or all of the consideration for the transfer or vesting consists of the issue or transfer of shares in a company with which B is connected. (2) For the purposes of Part I of Schedule 13 to the Finance Act 1999 (stamp duty on conveyance or transfer on sale) an instrument transferring or vesting the estate or interest shall be taken to be a transfer on sale of the estate or interest. (3) If for those purposes the amount or value of the consideration for the transfer on sale of the estate or interest would, apart from this subsection, be less than the value determined under subsection (4), the consideration shall be taken for those purposes to be the value determined under subsection (4). (4) That value is— (a) the market value of the estate or interest immediately before the execution of the instrument transferring or vesting it; but (b) reduced by the value of so much of any actual consideration as does not consist of property. (5) Where— (a) apart from this section, an instrument would be chargeable to stamp duty in accordance with section 118, and (b) apart from that section, the instrument would be chargeable to stamp duty in accordance with this section, the stamp duty chargeable on the instrument shall be determined in accordance with this section (instead of that section). (6) This section applies only if, in consequence of its application, the instrument transferring or vesting the estate or interest is chargeable with a greater amount of stamp duty than it would be apart from this section and section 118. (7) For the purposes of this section, the market value of property at any time is the price which that property might reasonably be expected to fetch on a sale at that time in the open market. (8) In this section— “company” means any body corporate; “shares” includes stock and the reference to shares in a company includes a reference to securities issued by a company. (9) For the purposes of this section, the question whether any person is connected with another shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of section 1122 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010. (10) This section shall be construed as one with the Stamp Act 1891. (11) This section applies to instruments executed on or after 28th March 2000. (12) But this section does not apply to an instrument giving effect to a contract made on or before 21st March 2000, unless— (a) the instrument is made in consequence of the exercise after that date of any option, right of pre-emption or similar right; or (b) the instrument transfers the property in question to, or vests it in, a person other than the purchaser under the contract, because of an assignment (or, in Scotland, assignation) or further contract made after that date. (13) This section shall be deemed to have come into force on 28th March 2000.