Public budgets

Romania: public budget

What Romania's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2023

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2023's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$119.9B · 34.5% of GDP
Spending
$142.88B · 41.1% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$22.97B · -6.6% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Romania, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Romania, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection31.3$44.75B
Economic affairs17$24.33B
General public services13.2$18.81B
Health11.6$16.52B
Education8.4$12B
Public order and safety7.7$10.95B
Housing and community amenities3.6$5.11B
Defence3$4.31B
Recreation, culture and religion2.5$3.6B
Environmental protection1.8$2.5B
Social protection$44.75B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age70.3$31.46B
Family and children13.2$5.92B
Sickness and disability9.7$4.35B
Social exclusion n.e.c.2.9$1.31B
Social protection n.e.c.2.8$1.24B
Survivors0.7$320.82M
Unemployment0.3$112.24M
Housing0.1$29.2M
R&D Social protection0$0
Economic affairs$24.33B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport47.9$11.65B
Fuel and energy22.9$5.58B
Mining, manufacturing and construction15.9$3.86B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting6.7$1.63B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs2.9$697.01M
R&D Economic affairs1.7$413.49M
Economic affairs n.e.c.1.3$309.9M
Communication0.7$161.01M
Other industries0.1$20.44M
General public services$18.81B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs53.6$10.08B
Public debt transactions37.9$7.14B
General services5.4$1.01B
R&D General public services2.1$388.94M
Foreign economic aid0.6$114.94M
Basic research0.4$70.93M
General public services n.e.c.0$0
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Health$16.52B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services61.9$10.23B
Medical products, appliances and equipment17.2$2.85B
Health n.e.c.13$2.14B
Outpatient services6$996.2M
Public health services1.7$277.46M
R&D Health0.2$30.71M
Education$12B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education41.3$4.96B
Pre-primary and primary education22.4$2.68B
Tertiary education21.5$2.57B
Education n.e.c.7.9$946.79M
Education not definable by level3.9$464.53M
Subsidiary services to education2.4$286.54M
Post-secondary non-tertiary education0.6$71.8M
R&D Education0.1$9.3M
Public order and safety$10.95B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services59.3$6.49B
Law courts14.1$1.55B
Fire-protection services11.9$1.31B
Public order and safety n.e.c.10.9$1.19B
Prisons3.8$412.19M
R&D Public order and safety0$2.05M
Housing and community amenities$5.11B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.30$1.53B
Housing development26.7$1.36B
Community development19.1$976.31M
Water supply13.8$707.39M
Street lighting10.2$522.7M
R&D Housing and community amenities0.1$6.81M
Defence$4.31B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence92.2$3.97B
Foreign military aid6.5$280.6M
Defence n.e.c.0.9$38.49M
R&D Defence0.4$16.76M
Civil defence0$0
Recreation, culture and religion$3.6B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Recreational and sporting services31.3$1.13B
Cultural services28.7$1.03B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.25.5$917.7M
Religious and other community services8.9$320.17M
Broadcasting and publishing services5.6$202.96M
R&D Recreation, culture and religion0$0
Environmental protection$2.5B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management52$1.3B
Pollution abatement27.3$682.08M
Waste water management13.6$339.42M
Environmental protection n.e.c.7.2$179.71M
Protection of biodiversity and landscape0$865.04K
R&D Environmental protection0$0

Where the money comes from

Romania, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Romania, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on sales, production and imports32$38.41B
Social contributions31.9$38.3B
Taxes on income and wealth15.6$18.65B
Capital transfers and taxes received7.7$9.2B
Sales, fees and charges6$7.19B
Other transfers received3.6$4.27B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)3.2$3.87B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$38.41B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax60.4$23.19B
Not broken down, or fitting no category39.6$15.22B

Over the years

32.3 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99529.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99630.2 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99732.4 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99834.9 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99933.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00032.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00133 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00232.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00332.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00432.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00533.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00634.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00732.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00830.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00932.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01032.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01132.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01233.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01334.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01435.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01532.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01631.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01731.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01831.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01932.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02032.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02134.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02234.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02334.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02435.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02534.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99533.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99634.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99735.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99839.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99938.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00036.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00134.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00234.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00333.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,00433.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00535.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,00637.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00737.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00839.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00939.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,01037.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,01136.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01235.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,01335.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,01435.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,01534.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,01633.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,01734.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,01836.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01941.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02040 % of GDPSpending · 2,02140.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,02241.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02343.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Romania: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Romania: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99532.334.3
1,99629.633.2
1,99730.234.6
1,99832.435.6
1,99934.939.3
2,00033.938.5
2,00132.836.3
2,0023334.9
2,00332.934.3
2,00432.733.8
2,00532.733.5
2,00633.535.6
2,00734.737.5
2,00832.337.7
2,00930.239.7
2,01032.339.4
2,01132.437.9
2,01232.336.1
2,01333.535.8
2,01434.435.6
2,01535.435.9
2,01632.334.8
2,01731.133.6
2,01831.834.6
2,01931.936.3
2,02032.441.7
2,02132.840
2,02234.440.9
2,02334.541.1
2,02434.243.3
2,02535.6
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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