Law

The Wyoming Constitution

Wyoming · constitution

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Contents: 316 provisions
  1. Article 1, Section 1 Power inherent in the people.
  2. Article 1, Section 2 Equality of all.
  3. Article 1, Section 3 Equal political rights.
  4. Article 1, Section 4 Security against search and seizure.
  5. Article 1, Section 5 Imprisonment for debt.
  6. Article 1, Section 6 Due process of law.
  7. Article 1, Section 7 No absolute, arbitrary power.
  8. Article 1, Section 8 Courts open to all; suits against state.
  9. Article 1, Section 9 Trial by jury inviolate.
  10. Article 1, Section 10 Right of accused to defend.
  11. Article 1, Section 11 Self-incrimination; jeopardy.
  12. Article 1, Section 12 Detaining witnesses.
  13. Article 1, Section 13 Indictment.
  14. Article 1, Section 14 Bail; cruel and unusual punishment.
  15. Article 1, Section 15 Penal code to be humane.
  16. Article 1, Section 16 Conduct of jails.
  17. Article 1, Section 17 Habeas corpus.
  18. Article 1, Section 18 Religious liberty.
  19. Article 1, Section 19 Appropriations for sectarian or religious societies or institutions prohibited.
  20. Article 1, Section 20 Freedom of speech and press; libel; truth a defense.
  21. Article 1, Section 21 Right of petition and peaceable assembly.
  22. Article 1, Section 22 Protection of labor.
  23. Article 1, Section 23 Education.
  24. Article 1, Section 24 Right to bear arms.
  25. Article 1, Section 25 Military subordinate to civil power; quartering soldiers.
  26. Article 1, Section 26 Treason.
  27. Article 1, Section 27 Elections free and equal.
  28. Article 1, Section 28 Taxation; consent of people; uniformity and equality.
  29. Article 1, Section 29 Rights of aliens.
  30. Article 1, Section 30 Monopolies and perpetuities prohibited.
  31. Article 1, Section 31 Control of water.
  32. Article 1, Section 32 Eminent domain.
  33. Article 1, Section 33 Compensation for property taken.
  34. Article 1, Section 34 Uniform operation of general law.
  35. Article 1, Section 35 Ex post facto laws; impairing obligation of contracts.
  36. Article 1, Section 36 Rights not enumerated reserved to people.
  37. Article 1, Section 37 Constitution of United States supreme law of land.
  38. Article 1, Section 38 Right of health care access.
  39. Article 1, Section 39 Opportunity to hunt, fish and trap.
  40. Article 2, Section 1 Powers of government divided into three departments.
  41. Article 3, Section 1 Composition and name of legislature.
  42. Article 3, Section 2 Members' terms and qualifications.
  43. Article 3, Section 3 Legislative apportionment.
  44. Article 3, Section 4 Vacancies. [Repealed.]
  45. Article 3, Section 5 When members elected and terms begin.
  46. Article 3, Section 6 Compensation of members; duration of sessions.
  47. Article 3, Section 7 Time and place of sessions.
  48. Article 3, Section 8 Members disqualified for other office.
  49. Article 3, Section 9 Compensation not to be increased during term.
  50. Article 3, Section 10 Presiding officers; other officers;
  51. Article 3, Section 11 Quorum.
  52. Article 3, Section 12 Rules, punishment and protection.
  53. Article 3, Section 13 Journals.
  54. Article 3, Section 14 Sessions to be open.
  55. Article 3, Section 15 Adjournment.
  56. Article 3, Section 16 Privilege of members.
  57. Article 3, Section 17 Power of impeachment; proceedings.
  58. Article 3, Section 18 Who may be impeached.
  59. Article 3, Section 19 Removal of officers not subject to impeachment.
  60. Article 3, Section 20 Laws to be passed by bill; alteration or amendment of bills.
  61. Article 3, Section 21 Enacting clause of law.
  62. Article 3, Section 22 Limitation on time for introducing bill for appropriation.
  63. Article 3, Section 23 Bill must go to committee.
  64. Article 3, Section 24 Bill to contain only one subject, which shall be expressed in title.
  65. Article 3, Section 25 Vote required to pass bill.
  66. Article 3, Section 26 How laws revised, amended or extended.
  67. Article 3, Section 27 Special and local laws prohibited.
  68. Article 3, Section 28 Signing of bills.
  69. Article 3, Section 29 Legislative employees.
  70. Article 3, Section 30 Extra compensation to public officers prohibited.
  71. Article 3, Section 31 Supplies for legislature and departments.
  72. Article 3, Section 32 Changing terms and salaries of public officers.
  73. Article 3, Section 33 Origin of revenue bills.
  74. Article 3, Section 34 General appropriation bills; other appropriations.
  75. Article 3, Section 35 Money expended only on appropriation.
  76. Article 3, Section 36 Prohibited appropriations.
  77. Article 3, Section 37 Delegation of power to perform municipal functions prohibited.
  78. Article 3, Section 38 Investment of trust funds.
  79. Article 3, Section 39 Aid to railroads prohibited.
  80. Article 3, Section 40 Debts to state or municipal
  81. Article 3, Section 41 Resolutions; approval or veto.
  82. Article 3, Section 42 Bribery of legislators and
  83. Article 3, Section 43 Offers to bribe.
  84. Article 3, Section 44 Witnesses in bribery charges.
  85. Article 3, Section 45 Legislature shall define corrupt solicitation.
  86. Article 3, Section 46 Interested member shall not vote.
  87. Article 3, Section 47 Congressional representation.
  88. Article 3, Section 48 State census.
  89. Article 3, Section 49 District representation.
  90. Article 3, Section 50 Apportionment for first legislature.
  91. Article 3, Section 51 Filling of vacancies.
  92. Article 3, Section 52 Initiative and referendum.
  93. Article 3, Section 53 Creation of criminal penalties not subject to governor's power to commute.
  94. Article 4, Section 1 Executive power vested in governor; term of governor.
  95. Article 4, Section 2 Qualifications of governor.
  96. Article 4, Section 3 Election of governor.
  97. Article 4, Section 4 Powers and duties of governor generally.
  98. Article 4, Section 5 Pardoning power of governor.
  99. Article 4, Section 6 Acting governor.
  100. Article 4, Section 7 When governor may fill vacancies in office.
  101. Article 4, Section 8 Approval or veto of legislation by governor; passage over veto.
  102. Article 4, Section 9 Veto of items of appropriations.
  103. Article 4, Section 10 Bribery or coercion of or by governor.
  104. Article 4, Section 11 State officers; election; qualifications; terms.
  105. Article 4, Section 12 State officers; powers and duties.
  106. Article 4, Section 13 Salaries of governor and other elective state officers.
  107. Article 4, Section 14 Examination of accounts.
  108. Article 4, Section 15 Great seal of state.
  109. Article 5, Section 1 How judicial power vested.
  110. Article 5, Section 2 Supreme court generally; appellate jurisdiction.
  111. Article 5, Section 3 Supreme court generally; original jurisdiction.
  112. Article 5, Section 4 Supreme court generally; number;
  113. Article 5, Section 5 Voluntary retirement and compensation of justices and judges.
  114. Article 5, Section 6 Commission on judicial conduct and ethics.
  115. Article 5, Section 7 Supreme court generally; terms of court.
  116. Article 5, Section 8 Supreme court generally; qualifications of justices.
  117. Article 5, Section 9 Supreme court generally; clerk.
  118. Article 5, Section 10 District courts generally; jurisdiction.
  119. Article 5, Section 11 District courts generally; judges to hold court for each other.
  120. Article 5, Section 12 District courts generally; qualifications of judges.
  121. Article 5, Section 13 District courts generally; clerks.
  122. Article 5, Section 14 District courts generally; commissioners.
  123. Article 5, Section 15 Style of process.
  124. Article 5, Section 16 Supreme court judges limited to judicial duties.
  125. Article 5, Section 17 Salaries of judges of supreme and district courts.
  126. Article 5, Section 18 Appeals from district courts to supreme court.
  127. Article 5, Section 19 State divided into districts; election and terms of district judges.
  128. Article 5, Section 20 Districts defined.
  129. Article 5, Section 21 Increase in number of districts and judges.
  130. Article 5, Section 22 Jurisdiction of justices of the peace.
  131. Article 5, Section 23 Appeals from justices' courts.
  132. Article 5, Section 24 Terms of district courts; attaching unorganized territory to organized counties.
  133. Article 5, Section 25 Judges of supreme and district courts shall not practice.
  134. Article 5, Section 26 Power to fix terms of court.
  135. Article 5, Section 27 Judges of supreme and district courts shall not hold other office.
  136. Article 5, Section 28 Appeals from boards of arbitration.
  137. Article 5, Section 29 Juvenile delinquency and domestic relations courts.
  138. Article 6, Section 1 Male and female citizens to enjoy equal rights.
  139. Article 6, Section 2 Qualifications of electors.
  140. Article 6, Section 3 Electors privileged from arrest.
  141. Article 6, Section 4 Exemption of electors from military duty.
  142. Article 6, Section 5 Electors must be citizens of United States.
  143. Article 6, Section 6 What persons excluded from franchise.
  144. Article 6, Section 7 When residence not lost by reason of absence.
  145. Article 6, Section 8 Soldiers stationed in state not considered residents.
  146. Article 6, Section 9 Educational qualifications of electors.
  147. Article 6, Section 10 Alien suffrage.
  148. Article 6, Section 11 Manner of holding elections.
  149. Article 6, Section 12 Registration of voters required.
  150. Article 6, Section 13 Purity of elections to be provided for.
  151. Article 6, Section 14 Election contests.
  152. Article 6, Section 15 Qualifications for office.
  153. Article 6, Section 16 When officers to hold over; suspension of officers.
  154. Article 6, Section 17 Time of holding general and special elections; when elected officers to enter upon duties.
  155. Article 6, Section 18 Method of selecting officers whose election is not provided for.
  156. Article 6, Section 19 Dual office holding.
  157. Article 6, Section 20 Oath of office; form.
  158. Article 6, Section 21 Oath of office; how administered.
  159. Article 6, Section 22 Absent voter ballots, voting and registration.
  160. Article 7, Section 1 Legislature to provide for public schools.
  161. Article 7, Section 2 School revenues.
  162. Article 7, Section 3 Other sources of school revenues.
  163. Article 7, Section 4 Restriction in use of revenues.
  164. Article 7, Section 5 Fines and penalties to belong to public school fund.
  165. Article 7, Section 6 State to keep school funds; investment.
  166. Article 7, Section 7 Application of school funds.
  167. Article 7, Section 8 Distribution of school funds.
  168. Article 7, Section 9 Taxation for schools.
  169. Article 7, Section 10 No discrimination between pupils.
  170. Article 7, Section 11 Textbooks.
  171. Article 7, Section 12 Sectarianism prohibited.
  172. Article 7, Section 13 Land commissioners.
  173. Article 7, Section 14 Supervision of schools entrusted to state superintendent of public instruction.
  174. Article 7, Section 15 Establishment of university confirmed.
  175. Article 7, Section 16 Tuition free.
  176. Article 7, Section 17 Government of university.
  177. Article 7, Section 18 Establishment of institutions.
  178. Article 7, Section 19 Territorial institutions pass to state.
  179. Article 7, Section 20 Duty of legislature to protect and promote health and morality of people.
  180. Article 7, Section 21 Buildings and property of territory pass to state.
  181. Article 7, Section 22 Construction and supervision.
  182. Article 7, Section 23 Permanent location.
  183. Article 8, Section 1 Water is state property.
  184. Article 8, Section 2 Board of control.
  185. Article 8, Section 3 Priority of appropriation.
  186. Article 8, Section 4 Water divisions.
  187. Article 8, Section 5 State engineer.
  188. Article 9, Section 1 Inspector of mines.
  189. Article 9, Section 2 Legislature to enact regulatory laws.
  190. Article 9, Section 3 Restrictions on employment in mines.
  191. Article 9, Section 4 Right of action for injuries.
  192. Article 9, Section 5 School of mines.
  193. Article 9, Section 6 State geologist.
  194. Article 10, Section 1 Creation.
  195. Article 10, Section 2 Control by state.
  196. Article 10, Section 3 Forfeited charters.
  197. Article 10, Section 4 Damages for personal injuries or death; worker's compensation.
  198. Article 10, Section 5 Acceptance of constitution.
  199. Article 10, Section 6 Engaging in more than one line of business.
  200. Article 10, Section 7 What corporations are common carriers.
  201. Article 10, Section 8 Trusts prohibited.
  202. Article 10, Section 9 Eminent domain.
  203. Article 10, Section 10 Mutual and co-operative associations.
  204. Article 10, Section 11 Powers and rights of railroads.
  205. Article 10, Section 12 Discrimination by railroads and telegraph lines forbidden.
  206. Article 10, Section 13 Railroads to make annual reports to state auditor.
  207. Article 10, Section 14 Eminent domain.
  208. Article 10, Section 15 Aid to railroads and telegraph lines prohibited.
  209. Article 10, Section 16 Acceptance of constitution by existing railroad, transportation and telegraph companies.
  210. Article 10, Section 17 Rights of telegraph companies.
  211. Article 10, Section 18 Foreign railroad or telegraph company must have agent for service of process.
  212. Article 10, Section 19 Location of depots.
  213. Article 11, Section 1 State boundaries.
  214. Article 12, Section 1 Existing counties remain such.
  215. Article 12, Section 2 Organization of new counties.
  216. Article 12, Section 3 Changing county seats.
  217. Article 12, Section 4 Township organization.
  218. Article 12, Section 5 County officers.
  219. Article 13, Section 1 Incorporation; alteration of
  220. Article 13, Section 2 Consent of electors necessary.
  221. Article 13, Section 3 Restriction on powers to levy taxes and contract debts.
  222. Article 13, Section 4 Franchises.
  223. Article 13, Section 5 Acquisition of water rights.
  224. Article 14, Section 1 Stated salaries to be paid.
  225. Article 14, Section 2 Fees.
  226. Article 14, Section 3 Legislature to designate county offices and fix salaries of county officers.
  227. Article 14, Section 4 Deputies.
  228. Article 14, Section 5 Who are county officers referred to by section 3.
  229. Article 14, Section 6 Consolidation of offices.
  230. Article 15, Section 1 Assessment of lands and improvements thereon.
  231. Article 15, Section 2 Assessment of coal lands.
  232. Article 15, Section 3 Taxation of mines and mining claims.
  233. Article 15, Section 4 State levy limited.
  234. Article 15, Section 5 County levies limited.
  235. Article 15, Section 6 City levies limited.
  236. Article 15, Section 7 Depositories for public moneys.
  237. Article 15, Section 8 Profit making from public funds prohibited.
  238. Article 15, Section 9 Legislature to provide for state board of equalization.
  239. Article 15, Section 10 Duties of state board of equalization.
  240. Article 15, Section 11 Uniformity of assessment required.
  241. Article 15, Section 12 Exemptions from taxation.
  242. Article 15, Section 13 Tax must be authorized by law; law to state object.
  243. Article 15, Section 14 Surrender of taxing power prohibited.
  244. Article 15, Section 15 State tax for support of public schools.
  245. Article 15, Section 16 Disposition of fees, excises and license taxes on vehicles and gasoline.
  246. Article 15, Section 17 County levy for support and maintenance of public schools.
  247. Article 15, Section 18 Full tax credit allowed against any liability arising from a tax on income.
  248. Article 15, Section 19 Mineral excise tax; distribution.
  249. Article 15, Section 20 Higher education trust funds; investments; earnings.
  250. Article 16, Section 1 Limitation on state debt.
  251. Article 16, Section 2 Creation of state debt in excess of taxes for current year.
  252. Article 16, Section 3 Limitation on county debt.
  253. Article 16, Section 4 Creation of county or municipal debt in excess of taxes for current year.
  254. Article 16, Section 5 Limitation on municipal, county or school district debt.
  255. Article 16, Section 6 Loan of credit; donations
  256. Article 16, Section 7 Payments of public money.
  257. Article 16, Section 8 Endorsements required on bonds and other evidences of indebtedness.
  258. Article 16, Section 9 Construction and improvement of public roads and highways.
  259. Article 16, Section 10 Construction and improvement of works for conservation and utilization of water.
  260. Article 16, Section 11 Construction, maintenance and
  261. Article 16, Section 12 Economic development loan fund.
  262. Article 16, Section 13 Industrial and economic development; powers of counties and municipalities.
  263. Article 17, Section 1 Of whom militia constituted.
  264. Article 17, Section 2 Legislature to provide for enrollment, equipment and discipline.
  265. Article 17, Section 3 How officers commissioned.
  266. Article 17, Section 4 Flags.
  267. Article 17, Section 5 Governor to be commander-in-chief; powers.
  268. Article 18, Section 1 Acceptance of lands from United States; sale of such lands.
  269. Article 18, Section 2 Application of proceeds of sale or rental.
  270. Article 18, Section 3 Board of land commissioners.
  271. Article 18, Section 4 Legislature to provide for disposition of lands.
  272. Article 18, Section 5 Special privileges prohibited.
  273. Article 18, Section 6 Disposition of unexpended income of perpetual school fund.
  274. Article 19, Section 1 Legislature to provide for protection of livestock and stock owners.
  275. Article 19, Section 2 Day's work.
  276. Article 19, Section 3 Who shall not be employed on public works.
  277. Article 19, Section 4 Legislature to provide for enforcement of section 3.
  278. Article 19, Section 5 Legislature to establish courts of arbitration; duties.
  279. Article 19, Section 6 Importing armed bodies to suppress violence prohibited; exception.
  280. Article 19, Section 7 Contract exempting employer from liability for personal injuries prohibited.
  281. Article 19, Section 8 Legislature to provide for voluntary submission of differences to arbitrators.
  282. Article 19, Section 9 Exemption of homestead.
  283. Article 19, Section 10 Intoxicating liquors.
  284. Article 19, Section 11 Use of monies in public employee retirement funds restricted.
  285. Article 20, Section 1 How amendments proposed by legislature and submitted to people.
  286. Article 20, Section 2 How two or more amendments voted on.
  287. Article 20, Section 3 Constitutional convention.
  288. Article 20, Section 4 Constitution adopted by convention to be submitted to people.
  289. Article 21, Section 1 Acquired rights continue.
  290. Article 21, Section 2 Territorial property vested in state.
  291. Article 21, Section 3 Territorial laws become state laws.
  292. Article 21, Section 4 Accrued fines go to state.
  293. Article 21, Section 5 State to sue on bonds and prosecute crimes.
  294. Article 21, Section 6 Territorial officers to hold over.
  295. Article 21, Section 7 Submission of constitution.
  296. Article 21, Section 8 When constitution takes effect.
  297. Article 21, Section 9 First state election; time of holding; proclamation.
  298. Article 21, Section 10 First state election; duty of county commissioners; who may vote; conduct of election.
  299. Article 21, Section 11 First state election; board of canvassers.
  300. Article 21, Section 12 When officers shall qualify; oaths; bonds.
  301. Article 21, Section 13 First state legislature.
  302. Article 21, Section 14 Laws to be passed.
  303. Article 21, Section 15 Transfer of pending causes, records and seal of courts.
  304. Article 21, Section 16 Court seals.
  305. Article 21, Section 17 Transfer of causes and records from probate courts to district courts.
  306. Article 21, Section 18 How legislature chosen.
  307. Article 21, Section 19 Duration of terms of territorial county and precinct officers.
  308. Article 21, Section 20 Terms of state officers first elected.
  309. Article 21, Section 21 Regular session of legislature following first session.
  310. Article 21, Section 22 Regular election following first session of legislature to be omitted.
  311. Article 21, Section 23 Why constitution framed.
  312. Article 21, Section 24 State part of United States.
  313. Article 21, Section 25 Religious liberty.
  314. Article 21, Section 26 Ownership of certain lands disclaimed; restriction on taxation of nonresidents.
  315. Article 21, Section 27 Territorial liabilities assumed.
  316. Article 21, Section 28 Legislature to provide for public schools.

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316 provisions

Article 1, Section 1 Power inherent in the people.

All power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their peace, safety and happiness; for the advancement of these ends they have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish the government in such manner as they may think proper.

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Article 1, Section 2 Equality of all.

In their inherent right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, all members of the human race are equal.

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Article 1, Section 3 Equal political rights.

Since equality in the enjoyment of natural and civil rights is only made sure through political equality, the laws of this state affecting the political rights and privileges of its citizens shall be without distinction of race, color, sex, or any circumstance or condition whatsoever other than individual incompetency, or unworthiness duly ascertained by a court of competent jurisdiction.

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Article 1, Section 4 Security against search and seizure.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be searched or the person or thing to be seized.

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Article 1, Section 5 Imprisonment for debt.

No person shall be imprisoned for debt, except in cases of fraud.

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Article 1, Section 6 Due process of law.

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.

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Article 1, Section 7 No absolute, arbitrary power.

Absolute, arbitrary power over the lives, liberty and property of freemen exists nowhere in a republic, not even in the largest majority.

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Article 1, Section 8 Courts open to all; suits against state.

All courts shall be open and every person for an injury done to person, reputation or property shall have justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the state in such manner and in such courts as the legislature may by law direct.

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Article 1, Section 9 Trial by jury inviolate.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate in criminal cases. A jury in civil cases and in criminal cases where the charge is a misdemeanor may consist of less than twelve (12) persons but not less than six (6), as may be prescribed by law. A grand jury may consist of twelve (12) persons, any nine (9) of whom concurring may find an indictment. The legislature may change, regulate or abolish the grand jury system.

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Article 1, Section 10 Right of accused to defend.

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to defend in person and by counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, to have a copy thereof, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have compulsory process served for obtaining witnesses, and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed. When the location of the offense cannot be established with certainty, venue may be placed in the county or district where the corpus delecti [delicti] is found, or in any county or district in which the victim was transported.

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Article 1, Section 11 Self-incrimination; jeopardy.

No person shall be compelled to testify against himself in any criminal case, nor shall any person be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. If a jury disagree, or if the judgment be arrested after a verdict, or if the judgment be reversed for error in law, the accused shall not be deemed to have been in jeopardy.

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Article 1, Section 12 Detaining witnesses.

No person shall be detained as a witness in any criminal prosecution longer than may be necessary to take his testimony or deposition, nor be confined in any room where criminals are imprisoned.

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Article 1, Section 13 Indictment.

Until otherwise provided by law, no person shall, for a felony, be proceeded against criminally, otherwise than by indictment, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger.

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Article 1, Section 14 Bail; cruel and unusual punishment.

All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor shall cruel or unusual punishment be inflicted.

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Article 1, Section 15 Penal code to be humane.

The penal code shall be framed on the humane principles of reformation and prevention.

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Article 1, Section 16 Conduct of jails.

No person arrested and confined in jail shall be treated with unnecessary rigor. The erection of safe and comfortable prisons, and inspection of prisons, and the humane treatment of prisoners shall be provided for.

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Article 1, Section 17 Habeas corpus.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, when in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

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Article 1, Section 18 Religious liberty.

The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without discrimination or preference shall be forever guaranteed in this state, and no person shall be rendered incompetent to hold any office of trust or profit, or to serve as a witness or juror, because of his opinion on any matter of religious belief whatever; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the state.

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Article 1, Section 19 Appropriations for sectarian or religious societies or institutions prohibited.

No money of the state shall ever be given or appropriated to any sectarian or religious society or institution.

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Article 1, Section 20 Freedom of speech and press; libel; truth a defense.

Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when published with good intent and [for] justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient defense, the jury having the right to determine the facts and the law, under direction of the court.

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Article 1, Section 21 Right of petition and peaceable assembly.

The right of petition, and of the people peaceably to assemble to consult for the common good, and to make known their opinions, shall never be denied or abridged.

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Article 1, Section 22 Protection of labor.

The rights of labor shall have just protection through laws calculated to secure to the laborer proper rewards for his service and to promote the industrial welfare of the state.

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Article 1, Section 23 Education.

The right of the citizens to opportunities for education should have practical recognition. The legislature shall suitably encourage means and agencies calculated to advance the sciences and liberal arts.

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Article 1, Section 24 Right to bear arms.

The right of citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves and of the state shall not be denied.

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Article 1, Section 25 Military subordinate to civil power; quartering soldiers.

The military shall ever be in strict subordination to the civil power. No soldier in time of peace shall be quartered in any house without consent of the owner, nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law.

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Article 1, Section 26 Treason.

Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, or in giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court; nor shall any person be attained of treason by the legislature.

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Article 1, Section 27 Elections free and equal.

Elections shall be open, free and equal, and no power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent an untrammeled exercise of the right of suffrage.

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Article 1, Section 28 Taxation; consent of people; uniformity and equality.

No tax shall be imposed without the consent of the people or their authorized representatives.

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Article 1, Section 29 Rights of aliens.

No distinction shall ever be made by law between resident aliens and citizens as to the possession, taxation, enjoyment and descent of property.

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Article 1, Section 30 Monopolies and perpetuities prohibited.

Perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a free state, and shall not be allowed. Corporations being creatures of the state, endowed for the public good with a portion of its sovereign powers, must be subject to its control.

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Article 1, Section 31 Control of water.

Water being essential to industrial prosperity, of limited amount, and easy of diversion from its natural channels, its control must be in the state, which, in providing for its use, shall equally guard all the various interests involved.

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Article 1, Section 32 Eminent domain.

Private property shall not be taken for private use unless by consent of the owner, except for private ways of necessity, and for reservoirs, drains, flumes or ditches on or across the lands of others for agricultural, mining, milling, domestic or sanitary purposes, nor in any case without due compensation.

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Article 1, Section 33 Compensation for property taken.

Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public or private use without just compensation.

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Article 1, Section 34 Uniform operation of general law.

All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.

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Article 1, Section 35 Ex post facto laws; impairing obligation of contracts.

No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall ever be made.

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Article 1, Section 36 Rights not enumerated reserved to people.

The enumeration in this constitution, of certain rights shall not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others retained by the people.

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Article 1, Section 37 Constitution of United States supreme law of land.

The State of Wyoming is an inseparable part of the federal union, and the constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land.

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Article 1, Section 38 Right of health care access.

(a) Each competent adult shall have the right to make his or her own health care decisions. The parent, guardian or legal representative of any other natural person shall have the right to make health care decisions for that person. (b) Any person may pay, and a health care provider may accept, direct payment for health care without imposition of penalties or fines for doing so. (c) The legislature may determine reasonable and necessary restrictions on the rights granted under this section to protect the health and general welfare of the people or to accomplish the other purposes set forth in the Wyoming Constitution. (d) The state of Wyoming shall act to preserve these rights from undue governmental infringement.

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Article 1, Section 39 Opportunity to hunt, fish and trap.

The opportunity to fish, hunt and trap wildlife is a heritage that shall forever be preserved to the individual citizens of the state, subject to regulation as prescribed by law, and does not create a right to trespass on private property, diminish other private rights or alter the duty of the state to manage wildlife.

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Article 2, Section 1 Powers of government divided into three departments.

The powers of the government of this state are divided into three distinct departments: The legislative, executive and judicial, and no person or collection of persons charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of these departments shall exercise any powers properly belonging to either of the others, except as in this constitution expressly directed or permitted.

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