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The Wyoming Constitution

Wyoming · constitution

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Contents: 316 provisions
  1. Article 1, Section 1 Power inherent in the people.
  2. Article 1, Section 2 Equality of all.
  3. Article 1, Section 3 Equal political rights.
  4. Article 1, Section 4 Security against search and seizure.
  5. Article 1, Section 5 Imprisonment for debt.
  6. Article 1, Section 6 Due process of law.
  7. Article 1, Section 7 No absolute, arbitrary power.
  8. Article 1, Section 8 Courts open to all; suits against state.
  9. Article 1, Section 9 Trial by jury inviolate.
  10. Article 1, Section 10 Right of accused to defend.
  11. Article 1, Section 11 Self-incrimination; jeopardy.
  12. Article 1, Section 12 Detaining witnesses.
  13. Article 1, Section 13 Indictment.
  14. Article 1, Section 14 Bail; cruel and unusual punishment.
  15. Article 1, Section 15 Penal code to be humane.
  16. Article 1, Section 16 Conduct of jails.
  17. Article 1, Section 17 Habeas corpus.
  18. Article 1, Section 18 Religious liberty.
  19. Article 1, Section 19 Appropriations for sectarian or religious societies or institutions prohibited.
  20. Article 1, Section 20 Freedom of speech and press; libel; truth a defense.
  21. Article 1, Section 21 Right of petition and peaceable assembly.
  22. Article 1, Section 22 Protection of labor.
  23. Article 1, Section 23 Education.
  24. Article 1, Section 24 Right to bear arms.
  25. Article 1, Section 25 Military subordinate to civil power; quartering soldiers.
  26. Article 1, Section 26 Treason.
  27. Article 1, Section 27 Elections free and equal.
  28. Article 1, Section 28 Taxation; consent of people; uniformity and equality.
  29. Article 1, Section 29 Rights of aliens.
  30. Article 1, Section 30 Monopolies and perpetuities prohibited.
  31. Article 1, Section 31 Control of water.
  32. Article 1, Section 32 Eminent domain.
  33. Article 1, Section 33 Compensation for property taken.
  34. Article 1, Section 34 Uniform operation of general law.
  35. Article 1, Section 35 Ex post facto laws; impairing obligation of contracts.
  36. Article 1, Section 36 Rights not enumerated reserved to people.
  37. Article 1, Section 37 Constitution of United States supreme law of land.
  38. Article 1, Section 38 Right of health care access.
  39. Article 1, Section 39 Opportunity to hunt, fish and trap.
  40. Article 2, Section 1 Powers of government divided into three departments.
  41. Article 3, Section 1 Composition and name of legislature.
  42. Article 3, Section 2 Members' terms and qualifications.
  43. Article 3, Section 3 Legislative apportionment.
  44. Article 3, Section 4 Vacancies. [Repealed.]
  45. Article 3, Section 5 When members elected and terms begin.
  46. Article 3, Section 6 Compensation of members; duration of sessions.
  47. Article 3, Section 7 Time and place of sessions.
  48. Article 3, Section 8 Members disqualified for other office.
  49. Article 3, Section 9 Compensation not to be increased during term.
  50. Article 3, Section 10 Presiding officers; other officers;
  51. Article 3, Section 11 Quorum.
  52. Article 3, Section 12 Rules, punishment and protection.
  53. Article 3, Section 13 Journals.
  54. Article 3, Section 14 Sessions to be open.
  55. Article 3, Section 15 Adjournment.
  56. Article 3, Section 16 Privilege of members.
  57. Article 3, Section 17 Power of impeachment; proceedings.
  58. Article 3, Section 18 Who may be impeached.
  59. Article 3, Section 19 Removal of officers not subject to impeachment.
  60. Article 3, Section 20 Laws to be passed by bill; alteration or amendment of bills.
  61. Article 3, Section 21 Enacting clause of law.
  62. Article 3, Section 22 Limitation on time for introducing bill for appropriation.
  63. Article 3, Section 23 Bill must go to committee.
  64. Article 3, Section 24 Bill to contain only one subject, which shall be expressed in title.
  65. Article 3, Section 25 Vote required to pass bill.
  66. Article 3, Section 26 How laws revised, amended or extended.
  67. Article 3, Section 27 Special and local laws prohibited.
  68. Article 3, Section 28 Signing of bills.
  69. Article 3, Section 29 Legislative employees.
  70. Article 3, Section 30 Extra compensation to public officers prohibited.
  71. Article 3, Section 31 Supplies for legislature and departments.
  72. Article 3, Section 32 Changing terms and salaries of public officers.
  73. Article 3, Section 33 Origin of revenue bills.
  74. Article 3, Section 34 General appropriation bills; other appropriations.
  75. Article 3, Section 35 Money expended only on appropriation.
  76. Article 3, Section 36 Prohibited appropriations.
  77. Article 3, Section 37 Delegation of power to perform municipal functions prohibited.
  78. Article 3, Section 38 Investment of trust funds.
  79. Article 3, Section 39 Aid to railroads prohibited.
  80. Article 3, Section 40 Debts to state or municipal
  81. Article 3, Section 41 Resolutions; approval or veto.
  82. Article 3, Section 42 Bribery of legislators and
  83. Article 3, Section 43 Offers to bribe.
  84. Article 3, Section 44 Witnesses in bribery charges.
  85. Article 3, Section 45 Legislature shall define corrupt solicitation.
  86. Article 3, Section 46 Interested member shall not vote.
  87. Article 3, Section 47 Congressional representation.
  88. Article 3, Section 48 State census.
  89. Article 3, Section 49 District representation.
  90. Article 3, Section 50 Apportionment for first legislature.
  91. Article 3, Section 51 Filling of vacancies.
  92. Article 3, Section 52 Initiative and referendum.
  93. Article 3, Section 53 Creation of criminal penalties not subject to governor's power to commute.
  94. Article 4, Section 1 Executive power vested in governor; term of governor.
  95. Article 4, Section 2 Qualifications of governor.
  96. Article 4, Section 3 Election of governor.
  97. Article 4, Section 4 Powers and duties of governor generally.
  98. Article 4, Section 5 Pardoning power of governor.
  99. Article 4, Section 6 Acting governor.
  100. Article 4, Section 7 When governor may fill vacancies in office.
  101. Article 4, Section 8 Approval or veto of legislation by governor; passage over veto.
  102. Article 4, Section 9 Veto of items of appropriations.
  103. Article 4, Section 10 Bribery or coercion of or by governor.
  104. Article 4, Section 11 State officers; election; qualifications; terms.
  105. Article 4, Section 12 State officers; powers and duties.
  106. Article 4, Section 13 Salaries of governor and other elective state officers.
  107. Article 4, Section 14 Examination of accounts.
  108. Article 4, Section 15 Great seal of state.
  109. Article 5, Section 1 How judicial power vested.
  110. Article 5, Section 2 Supreme court generally; appellate jurisdiction.
  111. Article 5, Section 3 Supreme court generally; original jurisdiction.
  112. Article 5, Section 4 Supreme court generally; number;
  113. Article 5, Section 5 Voluntary retirement and compensation of justices and judges.
  114. Article 5, Section 6 Commission on judicial conduct and ethics.
  115. Article 5, Section 7 Supreme court generally; terms of court.
  116. Article 5, Section 8 Supreme court generally; qualifications of justices.
  117. Article 5, Section 9 Supreme court generally; clerk.
  118. Article 5, Section 10 District courts generally; jurisdiction.
  119. Article 5, Section 11 District courts generally; judges to hold court for each other.
  120. Article 5, Section 12 District courts generally; qualifications of judges.
  121. Article 5, Section 13 District courts generally; clerks.
  122. Article 5, Section 14 District courts generally; commissioners.
  123. Article 5, Section 15 Style of process.
  124. Article 5, Section 16 Supreme court judges limited to judicial duties.
  125. Article 5, Section 17 Salaries of judges of supreme and district courts.
  126. Article 5, Section 18 Appeals from district courts to supreme court.
  127. Article 5, Section 19 State divided into districts; election and terms of district judges.
  128. Article 5, Section 20 Districts defined.
  129. Article 5, Section 21 Increase in number of districts and judges.
  130. Article 5, Section 22 Jurisdiction of justices of the peace.
  131. Article 5, Section 23 Appeals from justices' courts.
  132. Article 5, Section 24 Terms of district courts; attaching unorganized territory to organized counties.
  133. Article 5, Section 25 Judges of supreme and district courts shall not practice.
  134. Article 5, Section 26 Power to fix terms of court.
  135. Article 5, Section 27 Judges of supreme and district courts shall not hold other office.
  136. Article 5, Section 28 Appeals from boards of arbitration.
  137. Article 5, Section 29 Juvenile delinquency and domestic relations courts.
  138. Article 6, Section 1 Male and female citizens to enjoy equal rights.
  139. Article 6, Section 2 Qualifications of electors.
  140. Article 6, Section 3 Electors privileged from arrest.
  141. Article 6, Section 4 Exemption of electors from military duty.
  142. Article 6, Section 5 Electors must be citizens of United States.
  143. Article 6, Section 6 What persons excluded from franchise.
  144. Article 6, Section 7 When residence not lost by reason of absence.
  145. Article 6, Section 8 Soldiers stationed in state not considered residents.
  146. Article 6, Section 9 Educational qualifications of electors.
  147. Article 6, Section 10 Alien suffrage.
  148. Article 6, Section 11 Manner of holding elections.
  149. Article 6, Section 12 Registration of voters required.
  150. Article 6, Section 13 Purity of elections to be provided for.
  151. Article 6, Section 14 Election contests.
  152. Article 6, Section 15 Qualifications for office.
  153. Article 6, Section 16 When officers to hold over; suspension of officers.
  154. Article 6, Section 17 Time of holding general and special elections; when elected officers to enter upon duties.
  155. Article 6, Section 18 Method of selecting officers whose election is not provided for.
  156. Article 6, Section 19 Dual office holding.
  157. Article 6, Section 20 Oath of office; form.
  158. Article 6, Section 21 Oath of office; how administered.
  159. Article 6, Section 22 Absent voter ballots, voting and registration.
  160. Article 7, Section 1 Legislature to provide for public schools.
  161. Article 7, Section 2 School revenues.
  162. Article 7, Section 3 Other sources of school revenues.
  163. Article 7, Section 4 Restriction in use of revenues.
  164. Article 7, Section 5 Fines and penalties to belong to public school fund.
  165. Article 7, Section 6 State to keep school funds; investment.
  166. Article 7, Section 7 Application of school funds.
  167. Article 7, Section 8 Distribution of school funds.
  168. Article 7, Section 9 Taxation for schools.
  169. Article 7, Section 10 No discrimination between pupils.
  170. Article 7, Section 11 Textbooks.
  171. Article 7, Section 12 Sectarianism prohibited.
  172. Article 7, Section 13 Land commissioners.
  173. Article 7, Section 14 Supervision of schools entrusted to state superintendent of public instruction.
  174. Article 7, Section 15 Establishment of university confirmed.
  175. Article 7, Section 16 Tuition free.
  176. Article 7, Section 17 Government of university.
  177. Article 7, Section 18 Establishment of institutions.
  178. Article 7, Section 19 Territorial institutions pass to state.
  179. Article 7, Section 20 Duty of legislature to protect and promote health and morality of people.
  180. Article 7, Section 21 Buildings and property of territory pass to state.
  181. Article 7, Section 22 Construction and supervision.
  182. Article 7, Section 23 Permanent location.
  183. Article 8, Section 1 Water is state property.
  184. Article 8, Section 2 Board of control.
  185. Article 8, Section 3 Priority of appropriation.
  186. Article 8, Section 4 Water divisions.
  187. Article 8, Section 5 State engineer.
  188. Article 9, Section 1 Inspector of mines.
  189. Article 9, Section 2 Legislature to enact regulatory laws.
  190. Article 9, Section 3 Restrictions on employment in mines.
  191. Article 9, Section 4 Right of action for injuries.
  192. Article 9, Section 5 School of mines.
  193. Article 9, Section 6 State geologist.
  194. Article 10, Section 1 Creation.
  195. Article 10, Section 2 Control by state.
  196. Article 10, Section 3 Forfeited charters.
  197. Article 10, Section 4 Damages for personal injuries or death; worker's compensation.
  198. Article 10, Section 5 Acceptance of constitution.
  199. Article 10, Section 6 Engaging in more than one line of business.
  200. Article 10, Section 7 What corporations are common carriers.
  201. Article 10, Section 8 Trusts prohibited.
  202. Article 10, Section 9 Eminent domain.
  203. Article 10, Section 10 Mutual and co-operative associations.
  204. Article 10, Section 11 Powers and rights of railroads.
  205. Article 10, Section 12 Discrimination by railroads and telegraph lines forbidden.
  206. Article 10, Section 13 Railroads to make annual reports to state auditor.
  207. Article 10, Section 14 Eminent domain.
  208. Article 10, Section 15 Aid to railroads and telegraph lines prohibited.
  209. Article 10, Section 16 Acceptance of constitution by existing railroad, transportation and telegraph companies.
  210. Article 10, Section 17 Rights of telegraph companies.
  211. Article 10, Section 18 Foreign railroad or telegraph company must have agent for service of process.
  212. Article 10, Section 19 Location of depots.
  213. Article 11, Section 1 State boundaries.
  214. Article 12, Section 1 Existing counties remain such.
  215. Article 12, Section 2 Organization of new counties.
  216. Article 12, Section 3 Changing county seats.
  217. Article 12, Section 4 Township organization.
  218. Article 12, Section 5 County officers.
  219. Article 13, Section 1 Incorporation; alteration of
  220. Article 13, Section 2 Consent of electors necessary.
  221. Article 13, Section 3 Restriction on powers to levy taxes and contract debts.
  222. Article 13, Section 4 Franchises.
  223. Article 13, Section 5 Acquisition of water rights.
  224. Article 14, Section 1 Stated salaries to be paid.
  225. Article 14, Section 2 Fees.
  226. Article 14, Section 3 Legislature to designate county offices and fix salaries of county officers.
  227. Article 14, Section 4 Deputies.
  228. Article 14, Section 5 Who are county officers referred to by section 3.
  229. Article 14, Section 6 Consolidation of offices.
  230. Article 15, Section 1 Assessment of lands and improvements thereon.
  231. Article 15, Section 2 Assessment of coal lands.
  232. Article 15, Section 3 Taxation of mines and mining claims.
  233. Article 15, Section 4 State levy limited.
  234. Article 15, Section 5 County levies limited.
  235. Article 15, Section 6 City levies limited.
  236. Article 15, Section 7 Depositories for public moneys.
  237. Article 15, Section 8 Profit making from public funds prohibited.
  238. Article 15, Section 9 Legislature to provide for state board of equalization.
  239. Article 15, Section 10 Duties of state board of equalization.
  240. Article 15, Section 11 Uniformity of assessment required.
  241. Article 15, Section 12 Exemptions from taxation.
  242. Article 15, Section 13 Tax must be authorized by law; law to state object.
  243. Article 15, Section 14 Surrender of taxing power prohibited.
  244. Article 15, Section 15 State tax for support of public schools.
  245. Article 15, Section 16 Disposition of fees, excises and license taxes on vehicles and gasoline.
  246. Article 15, Section 17 County levy for support and maintenance of public schools.
  247. Article 15, Section 18 Full tax credit allowed against any liability arising from a tax on income.
  248. Article 15, Section 19 Mineral excise tax; distribution.
  249. Article 15, Section 20 Higher education trust funds; investments; earnings.
  250. Article 16, Section 1 Limitation on state debt.
  251. Article 16, Section 2 Creation of state debt in excess of taxes for current year.
  252. Article 16, Section 3 Limitation on county debt.
  253. Article 16, Section 4 Creation of county or municipal debt in excess of taxes for current year.
  254. Article 16, Section 5 Limitation on municipal, county or school district debt.
  255. Article 16, Section 6 Loan of credit; donations
  256. Article 16, Section 7 Payments of public money.
  257. Article 16, Section 8 Endorsements required on bonds and other evidences of indebtedness.
  258. Article 16, Section 9 Construction and improvement of public roads and highways.
  259. Article 16, Section 10 Construction and improvement of works for conservation and utilization of water.
  260. Article 16, Section 11 Construction, maintenance and
  261. Article 16, Section 12 Economic development loan fund.
  262. Article 16, Section 13 Industrial and economic development; powers of counties and municipalities.
  263. Article 17, Section 1 Of whom militia constituted.
  264. Article 17, Section 2 Legislature to provide for enrollment, equipment and discipline.
  265. Article 17, Section 3 How officers commissioned.
  266. Article 17, Section 4 Flags.
  267. Article 17, Section 5 Governor to be commander-in-chief; powers.
  268. Article 18, Section 1 Acceptance of lands from United States; sale of such lands.
  269. Article 18, Section 2 Application of proceeds of sale or rental.
  270. Article 18, Section 3 Board of land commissioners.
  271. Article 18, Section 4 Legislature to provide for disposition of lands.
  272. Article 18, Section 5 Special privileges prohibited.
  273. Article 18, Section 6 Disposition of unexpended income of perpetual school fund.
  274. Article 19, Section 1 Legislature to provide for protection of livestock and stock owners.
  275. Article 19, Section 2 Day's work.
  276. Article 19, Section 3 Who shall not be employed on public works.
  277. Article 19, Section 4 Legislature to provide for enforcement of section 3.
  278. Article 19, Section 5 Legislature to establish courts of arbitration; duties.
  279. Article 19, Section 6 Importing armed bodies to suppress violence prohibited; exception.
  280. Article 19, Section 7 Contract exempting employer from liability for personal injuries prohibited.
  281. Article 19, Section 8 Legislature to provide for voluntary submission of differences to arbitrators.
  282. Article 19, Section 9 Exemption of homestead.
  283. Article 19, Section 10 Intoxicating liquors.
  284. Article 19, Section 11 Use of monies in public employee retirement funds restricted.
  285. Article 20, Section 1 How amendments proposed by legislature and submitted to people.
  286. Article 20, Section 2 How two or more amendments voted on.
  287. Article 20, Section 3 Constitutional convention.
  288. Article 20, Section 4 Constitution adopted by convention to be submitted to people.
  289. Article 21, Section 1 Acquired rights continue.
  290. Article 21, Section 2 Territorial property vested in state.
  291. Article 21, Section 3 Territorial laws become state laws.
  292. Article 21, Section 4 Accrued fines go to state.
  293. Article 21, Section 5 State to sue on bonds and prosecute crimes.
  294. Article 21, Section 6 Territorial officers to hold over.
  295. Article 21, Section 7 Submission of constitution.
  296. Article 21, Section 8 When constitution takes effect.
  297. Article 21, Section 9 First state election; time of holding; proclamation.
  298. Article 21, Section 10 First state election; duty of county commissioners; who may vote; conduct of election.
  299. Article 21, Section 11 First state election; board of canvassers.
  300. Article 21, Section 12 When officers shall qualify; oaths; bonds.
  301. Article 21, Section 13 First state legislature.
  302. Article 21, Section 14 Laws to be passed.
  303. Article 21, Section 15 Transfer of pending causes, records and seal of courts.
  304. Article 21, Section 16 Court seals.
  305. Article 21, Section 17 Transfer of causes and records from probate courts to district courts.
  306. Article 21, Section 18 How legislature chosen.
  307. Article 21, Section 19 Duration of terms of territorial county and precinct officers.
  308. Article 21, Section 20 Terms of state officers first elected.
  309. Article 21, Section 21 Regular session of legislature following first session.
  310. Article 21, Section 22 Regular election following first session of legislature to be omitted.
  311. Article 21, Section 23 Why constitution framed.
  312. Article 21, Section 24 State part of United States.
  313. Article 21, Section 25 Religious liberty.
  314. Article 21, Section 26 Ownership of certain lands disclaimed; restriction on taxation of nonresidents.
  315. Article 21, Section 27 Territorial liabilities assumed.
  316. Article 21, Section 28 Legislature to provide for public schools.

Proposed changes to this act

No one has proposed a change to this act yet.

316 provisions

Article 7, Section 2 School revenues.

The following are declared to be perpetual funds for school purposes, of which the annual income only can be appropriated, to wit: Such per centum as has been or may hereafter be granted by congress on the sale of lands in this state; all moneys arising from the sale or lease of sections number sixteen and thirty-six in each township in the state, and the lands selected or that may be selected in lieu thereof; the proceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to this state, where by the terms and conditions of the grant, the same are not to be otherwise appropriated; the net proceeds of lands and other property and effects that may come to the state by escheat or forfeiture, or from unclaimed dividends or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons; all moneys, stocks, bonds, lands and other property now belonging to the common school funds. Provided, that the rents for the ordinary use of said lands shall be applied to the support of public schools and, when authorized by general law, not to exceed thirty-three and one-third (33 1/3) per centum of oil, gas, coal, or other mineral royalties arising from the lease of any said school lands may be so applied.

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Article 7, Section 3 Other sources of school revenues.

To the sources of revenue above mentioned shall be added all other grants, gifts and devises that have been or may hereafter be made to this state and not otherwise appropriated by the terms of the grant, gift or devise.

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Article 7, Section 4 Restriction in use of revenues.

All money, stocks, bonds, lands and other property belonging to a county school fund, except such moneys and property as may be provided by law for current use in aid of public schools, shall belong to and be invested by the several counties as a county public school fund, in such manner as the legislature shall by law provide, the income of which shall be appropriated exclusively to the use and support of free public schools in the several counties of the state.

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Article 7, Section 5 Fines and penalties to belong to public school fund.

All fines and penalties under general laws of the state shall belong to the public school fund of the respective counties and be paid over to the custodians of such funds for the current support of the public schools therein.

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Article 7, Section 6 State to keep school funds; investment.

All funds belonging to the state for public school purposes, the interest and income of which only are to be used, shall be deemed trust funds in the care of the state, which shall keep them for the exclusive benefit of the public schools. The legislature shall provide by law for the investment of such trust funds.

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Article 7, Section 7 Application of school funds.

The income arising from the funds mentioned in the preceding section, together with all the rents of the unsold school lands and such other means as the legislature may provide, shall be exclusively applied to the support of free schools in every county in the state.

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Article 7, Section 8 Distribution of school funds.

Provision shall be made by general law for the equitable allocation of such income among all school districts in the state. But no appropriation shall be made from said fund to any district for the year in which a school has not been maintained for at least three (3) months; nor shall any portion of any public school fund ever be used to support or assist any private school, or any school, academy, seminary, college or other institution of learning controlled by any church or sectarian organization or religious denomination whatsoever.

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Article 7, Section 9 Taxation for schools.

The legislature shall make such further provision by taxation or otherwise, as with the income arising from the general school fund will create and maintain a thorough and efficient system of public schools, adequate to the proper instruction of all youth of the state, between the ages of six and twenty-one years, free of charge; and in view of such provision so made, the legislature shall require that every child of sufficient physical and mental ability shall attend a public school during the period between six and eighteen years for a time equivalent to three years, unless educated by other means.

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Article 7, Section 10 No discrimination between pupils.

In none of the public schools so established and maintained shall distinction or discrimination be made on account of sex, race or color.

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Article 7, Section 11 Textbooks.

Neither the legislature nor the superintendent of public instruction shall have power to prescribe text books to be used in the public schools.

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Article 7, Section 12 Sectarianism prohibited.

No sectarian instruction, qualifications or tests shall be imparted, exacted, applied or in any manner tolerated in the schools of any grade or character controlled by the state, nor shall attendance be required at any religious service therein, nor shall any sectarian tenets or doctrines be taught or favored in any public school or institution that may be established under this constitution.

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Article 7, Section 13 Land commissioners.

[Superseded by Article 18, Section 3 as amended 1922.]

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Article 7, Section 14 Supervision of schools entrusted to state superintendent of public instruction.

The general supervision of the public schools shall be entrusted to the state superintendent of public instruction, whose powers and duties shall be prescribed by law.

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Article 7, Section 15 Establishment of university confirmed.

The establishment of the University of Wyoming is hereby confirmed, and said institution, with its several departments, is hereby declared to be the University of the State of Wyoming. All lands which have been heretofore granted or which may be granted hereafter by congress unto the university as such, or in aid of the instruction to be given in any of its departments, with all other grants, donations, or devises for said university, or for any of its departments, shall vest in said university, and be exclusively used for the purposes for which they were granted, donated or devised. The said lands may be leased on terms approved by the land commissioners, but may not be sold on terms not approved by congress.

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Article 7, Section 16 Tuition free.

The university shall be equally open to students of both sexes, irrespective of race or color; and, in order that the instruction furnished may be as nearly free as possible, any amount in addition to the income from its grants of lands and other sources above mentioned, necessary to its support and maintenance in a condition of full efficiency shall be raised by taxation or otherwise, under provisions of the legislature.

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Article 7, Section 17 Government of university.

The legislature shall provide by law for the management of the university, its lands and other property by a board of trustees, consisting of not less than seven members, to be appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the senate, and the president of the university, and the superintendent of public instruction, as members ex officio, as such having the right to speak, but not to vote. The duties and powers of the trustees shall be prescribed by law.

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Article 7, Section 18 Establishment of institutions.

Such charitable, reformatory and penal institutions as the claims of humanity and the public good may require, shall be established and supported by the state in such manner as the legislature may prescribe. They shall be supervised as prescribed by law.

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Article 7, Section 19 Territorial institutions pass to state.

The property of all charitable and penal institutions belonging to the Territory of Wyoming shall, upon the adoption of this constitution, become the property of the State of Wyoming, and such of said institutions as are then in actual operation, shall thereafter have the supervision of the board of charities and reform as provided in the last preceding section of this article, under provisions of the legislature.

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Article 7, Section 20 Duty of legislature to protect and promote health and morality of people.

As the health and morality of the people are essential to their well-being, and to the peace and permanence of the state, it shall be the duty of the legislature to protect and promote these vital interests by such measures for the encouragement of temperance and virtue, and such restrictions upon vice and immorality of every sort, as are deemed necessary to the public welfare.

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Article 7, Section 21 Buildings and property of territory pass to state.

All public buildings and other property, belonging to the territory shall, upon the adoption of this constitution, become the property of the State of Wyoming.

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Article 7, Section 22 Construction and supervision.

The construction, care and preservation of all public buildings of the state not under the control of the board or officers of public institutions by authority of law shall be entrusted to such officers or boards, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by law.

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Article 7, Section 23 Permanent location.

The legislature shall have no power to change or to locate the seat of government, the state university, or state hospital, but may provide by law for submitting the question of the permanent locations thereof respectively, to the qualified electors of the state, at some general election, and a majority of all votes upon said question cast at said election, shall be necessary to determine the location thereof; but until the same are respectively and permanently located, as herein provided, the location of the seat of government and said institutions shall be as follows: The seat of government shall be located at the City of Cheyenne, in the County of Laramie. The state university shall be centered at the City of Laramie, in the County of Albany. The state hospital shall be located at or near the City of Evanston, in the County of Uinta. A penitentiary shall be located at or near the City of Rawlins, in the County of Carbon. The legislature may provide by law the location of other public institutions, including correctional facilities.

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Article 8, Section 1 Water is state property.

The water of all natural streams, springs, lakes or other collections of still water, within the boundaries of the state, are hereby declared to be the property of the state.

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Article 8, Section 2 Board of control.

There shall be constituted a board of control, to be composed of the state engineer and superintendents of the water divisions; which shall, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law, have the supervision of the waters of the state and of their appropriation, distribution and diversion, and of the various officers connected therewith. Its decisions to be subject to review by the courts of the state.

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Article 8, Section 3 Priority of appropriation.

Priority of appropriation for beneficial uses shall give the better right. No appropriation shall be denied except when such denial is demanded by the public interests.

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Article 8, Section 4 Water divisions.

The legislature shall by law divide the state into four (4) water divisions, and provide for the appointment of superintendents thereof.

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Article 8, Section 5 State engineer.

There shall be a state engineer who shall be appointed by the governor of the state and confirmed by the senate; he shall hold his office for the term of six (6) years, or until his successor shall have been appointed and shall have qualified. He shall be president of the board of control, and shall have general supervision of the waters of the state and of the officers connected with its distribution. No person shall be appointed to this position who has not such theoretical knowledge and such practical experience and skill as shall fit him for the position.

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Article 9, Section 1 Inspector of mines.

There shall be established and maintained the office of inspector of mines, the duties of which shall be prescribed by law.

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Article 9, Section 2 Legislature to enact regulatory laws.

The legislature shall provide by law for the proper development, ventilation, drainage and operation of all mines in this state.

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Article 9, Section 3 Restrictions on employment in mines.

[Repealed November 7, 1978.]

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Article 9, Section 4 Right of action for injuries.

For any injury to person or property caused by wilful failure to comply with the provisions of this article, or laws passed in pursuance hereof, a right of action shall accrue to the party injured, for the damage sustained thereby, and in all cases in this state, whenever the death of a person shall be caused by wrongful act, neglect or default, such as would, if death had not ensued, have entitled the party injured to maintain an action to recover damages in respect thereof, the person who, or the corporation which would have been liable, if death had not ensued, shall be liable to an action for damages notwithstanding the death of the person injured, and the legislature shall provide by law at its first session for the manner in which the right of action in respect thereto shall be enforced.

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Article 9, Section 5 School of mines.

The legislature may provide that the science of mining and metallurgy be taught in one of the institutions of learning under the patronage of the state.

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Article 10, Section 1 Creation.

The legislature shall provide for the organization of corporations by general law. All laws relating to corporations may be altered, amended or repealed by the legislature at any time when necessary for the public good and general welfare, and all corporations doing business in this state may as to such business be regulated, limited or restrained by law not in conflict with the constitution of the United States.

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Article 10, Section 2 Control by state.

All powers and franchises of corporations are derived from the people and are granted by their agent, the government, for the public good and general welfare, and the right and duty of the state to control and regulate them for these purposes is hereby declared. The power, rights and privileges of any and all corporations may be forfeited by willful neglect or abuse thereof. The police power of the state is supreme over all corporations as well as individuals.

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Article 10, Section 4 Damages for personal injuries or death; worker's compensation.

(a) No law shall be enacted limiting the amount of damages to be recovered for causing the injury or death of any person. (b) Any section of this constitution to the contrary notwithstanding, for any civil action where a person alleges that a health care provider's act or omission in the provision of health care resulted in death or injury, the legislature may by general law: (i) Mandate alternative dispute resolution or review by a medical review panel before the filing of a civil action against the health care provider. (c) Any contract or agreement with any employee waiving any right to recover damages for causing the death or injury of any employee shall be void. As to all extrahazardous employments the legislature shall provide by law for the accumulation and maintenance of a fund or funds out of which shall be paid compensation as may be fixed by law according to proper classifications to each person injured in such employment or to the dependent families of such as die as the result of such injuries, except in case of injuries due solely to the culpable negligence of the injured employee. The fund or funds shall be accumulated, paid into the state treasury and maintained in such manner as may be provided by law. Monies in the fund shall be expended only for compensation authorized by this section, for administration and management of the Worker's Compensation Act, debt service related to the fund and for workplace safety programs conducted by the state as authorized by law. The right of each employee to compensation from the fund shall be in lieu of and shall take the place of any and all rights of action against any employer contributing as required by law to the fund in favor of any person or persons by reason of the injuries or death. Subject to conditions specified by law, the legislature may allow employments not designated extrahazardous to be covered by the state fund at the option of the employer. To the extent an employer elects to be covered by the state fund and contributes to the fund as required by law, the employer shall enjoy the same immunity as provided for extrahazardous employments.

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Article 10, Section 5 Acceptance of constitution.

No corporation organized under the laws of Wyoming Territory or any other jurisdiction than this state, shall be permitted to transact business in this state until it shall have accepted the constitution of this state and filed such acceptance in accordance with the laws thereof.

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Article 10, Section 6 Engaging in more than one line of business.

Corporations shall have power to engage in such and as many lines or departments of business as the legislature shall provide.

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Article 10, Section 7 What corporations are common carriers.

All corporations engaged in the transportation of persons, property, mineral oils, and minerals products, news or intelligence, including railroads, telegraphs, express companies, pipe lines and telephones, are declared to be common carriers.

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