(1) Any of the following persons may at any time apply to the Court of Session for directions as to the exercise of the functions of a PPO receiver—
(a) the PPO receiver,
(b) any party to the proceedings for the appointment of the PPO receiver or the prohibitory property order concerned,
(c) any person affected by any action taken by the PPO receiver,
(d) any person who may be affected by any action proposed to be taken by the PPO receiver.
(2) Before giving any directions under subsection (1), the court must give an opportunity to be heard to—
(a) the PPO receiver,
(b) the parties to the proceedings for the appointment of the PPO receiver and for the prohibitory property order concerned,
(c) any person who may be interested in the application under subsection (1).
(3) The court may at any time vary or recall—
(a) an order appointing a PPO receiver,
(b) any order under section 255H, or
(c) any directions under this section.
(4) Before exercising any power under subsection (3), the court must give an opportunity to be heard to—
(a) the PPO receiver,
(b) the parties to the proceedings for—
(i) the appointment of the PPO receiver,
(ii) the order under section 255H, or
(iii) (as the case may be) the directions under this section,
(c) the parties to the proceedings for the prohibitory property order concerned,
(d) any person who may be affected by the court's decision.
(1) Where the enforcement authority may take proceedings for a recovery order in the Court of Session, the authority may apply to the court for an interim administration order (whether before or after starting the proceedings).
(2) An interim administration order is an order for—
(a) the detention, custody or preservation of property, and
(b) the appointment of an interim administrator.
(3) An application for an interim administration order may be made without notice if the circumstances are such that notice of the application would prejudice any right of the enforcement authority to obtain a recovery order in respect of any property.
(4) The court may make an interim administration order on the application if it is satisfied that the conditions in subsections (5) and, where applicable, (6) are met.
(5) The first condition is that there is a probabilis causa litigandi—
(a) that the property to which the application for the order relates is or includes recoverable property, and
(b) that, if any of it is not recoverable property, it is associated property.
(6) The second condition is that, if—
(a) the property to which the application for the order relates includes property alleged to be associated property, and
(b) the enforcement authority has not established the identity of the person who holds it,
the authority has taken all reasonable steps to do so.
(7) In its application for an interim administration order, the enforcement authority must nominate a suitably qualified person for appointment as interim administrator, but the nominee may not be a member of the staff of the Scottish Administration.
(8) The extent of the power to make an interim administration order is not limited by sections 257 to 264.
(1) An interim administration order may authorise or require the interim administrator—
(a) to exercise any of the powers mentioned in Schedule 6,
(b) to take any other steps the court thinks appropriate,
for the purpose of securing the detention, custody or preservation of the property to which the order applies or of taking any steps under subsection (2).
(2) An interim administration order must require the interim administrator to take any steps which the court thinks necessary to establish—
(a) whether or not the property to which the order applies is recoverable property or associated property,
(b) whether or not any other property is recoverable property (in relation to the same unlawful conduct) and, if it is, who holds it.
(3) If—
(a) the interim administrator deals with any property which is not property to which the order applies, and
(b) at the time he deals with the property he believes on reasonable grounds that he is entitled to do so in pursuance of the order,
the interim administrator is not liable to any person in respect of any loss or damage resulting from his dealing with the property except so far as the loss or damage is caused by his negligence.
(1) On the application of the enforcement authority, the Court of Session may, in relation to the property mentioned in subsection (2), grant warrant for inhibition against any person specified in an interim administration order.
(2) That property is heritable property situated in Scotland to which the interim administration order applies (whether generally or such of it as is specified in the application).
(3) The warrant for inhibition—
(a) has effect as if granted on the dependence of an action for debt by the enforcement authority against the person and may be executed, recalled, loosed or restricted accordingly, and
(b) has the effect of letters of inhibition and must forthwith be registered by the enforcement authority in the register of inhibitions and adjudications.
(4) Section 155 of the Titles to Land Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1868 (c. 101) (effective date of inhibition) applies in relation to an inhibition for which warrant is granted under subsection (1) as it applies to an inhibition by separate letters or contained in a summons.
(5) The execution of an inhibition under this section in respect of property does not prejudice the exercise of an interim administrator’s powers under or for the purposes of this Part in respect of that property.
(6) An inhibition executed under this section ceases to have effect when, or in so far as, the interim administration order ceases to apply in respect of the property in relation to which the warrant for inhibition was granted.
(7) If an inhibition ceases to have effect to any extent by virtue of subsection (6) the enforcement authority must—
(a) apply for the recall or, as the case may be, the restriction of the inhibition, and
(b) ensure that the recall or restriction is reflected in the register of inhibitions and adjudications.
(1) An interim administration order may require any person to whose property the order applies—
(a) to bring the property to a place (in Scotland) specified by the interim administrator or place it in the custody of the interim administrator (if, in either case, he is able to do so),
(b) to do anything he is reasonably required to do by the interim administrator for the preservation of the property.
(2) An interim administration order may require any person to whose property the order applies to bring any documents relating to the property which are in his possession or control to a place (in Scotland) specified by the interim administrator or to place them in the custody of the interim administrator.
“Document” means anything in which information of any description is recorded.
260 Supervision of interim administrator and variation of order
(1) The interim administrator, any party to the proceedings and any person affected by any action taken by the interim administrator, or who may be affected by any action proposed to be taken by him, may at any time apply to the court for directions as to the exercise of the interim administrator’s functions.
(2) Before giving any directions under subsection (1), the court must (as well as giving the parties to the proceedings an opportunity to be heard) give such an opportunity to the interim administrator and to any person who may be interested in the application.
(3) The court may at any time vary or recall an interim administration order.
(4) Before exercising any power under this Chapter to vary or set aside an interim administration order, the court must (as well as giving the parties to the proceedings an opportunity to be heard) give such an opportunity to the interim administrator and to any person who may be affected by the court’s decision.
(1) An interim administration order must, subject to any exclusions made in accordance with this section, prohibit any person to whose property the order applies from dealing with the property.
(2) Exclusions may be made when the interim administration order is made or on an application to vary the order.
(3) An exclusion may, in particular, make provision for the purpose of enabling any person—
(a) to meet his reasonable living expenses, or
(b) to carry on any trade, business, profession or occupation,
and may be made subject to conditions.
(4) But an exclusion may not be made for the purpose of enabling any person to meet any legal expenses in respect of proceedings under this Part.
(5) If the excluded property is not specified in the order it must be described in the order in general terms.
(6) The power to make exclusions must be exercised with a view to ensuring, so far as practicable, that the satisfaction of any right of the enforcement authority to recover the property obtained through unlawful conduct is not unduly prejudiced.
(1) While an interim administration order has effect, the court may sist any action, execution or other legal process in respect of the property to which the order applies.
(2) If a court (whether the Court of Session or any other court) in which proceedings are pending in respect of any property is satisfied that an interim administration order has been applied for or made in respect of the property, the court may either sist the proceedings or allow them to continue on any terms it thinks fit.
(3) Before exercising any power conferred by this section, the court must (as well as giving the parties to any of the proceedings in question an opportunity to be heard) give such an opportunity to the interim administrator (if appointed) and any person who may be affected by the court’s decision.
263 Exclusion of property which is not recoverable etc.
(1) If the court decides that any property to which an interim administration order applies is neither recoverable property nor associated property, it must vary the order so as to exclude it.
(2) The court may vary an interim administration order so as to exclude from the property to which the order applies any property which is alleged to be associated property if the court thinks that the satisfaction of any right of the enforcement authority to recover the property obtained through unlawful conduct will not be prejudiced.
(3) The court may exclude any property within subsection (2) on any terms or conditions, applying while the interim administration order has effect, which the court thinks necessary or expedient.
(1) An interim administration order must require the interim administrator to inform the enforcement authority and the court as soon as reasonably practicable if he thinks that—
(a) any property to which the order applies by virtue of a claim that it is recoverable property is not recoverable property,
(b) any property to which the order applies by virtue of a claim that it is associated property is not associated property,
(c) any property to which the order does not apply is recoverable property (in relation to the same unlawful conduct) or associated property, or
(d) any property to which the order applies is held by a person who is different from the person it is claimed holds it,
or if he thinks that there has been any other material change of circumstances.
(2) An interim administration order must require the interim administrator—
(a) to report his findings to the court,
(b) to serve copies of his report on the enforcement authority and on any person who holds any property to which the order applies or who may otherwise be affected by the report.
265 Arrestment of property affected by interim administration order
(1) On the application of the enforcement authority or the interim administrator the Court of Session may, in relation to moveable recoverable property to which an interim administration order applies (whether generally or such of it as is specified in the application), grant warrant for arrestment.
(2) An application by the enforcement authority under subsection (1) may be made at the same time as the application for the interim administration order or at any time thereafter.
(3) Such a warrant for arrestment may be granted only if the property would be arrestable if the person entitled to it were a debtor.
(4) A warrant under subsection (1) has effect as if granted on the dependence of an action for debt at the instance of the enforcement authority or, as the case may be, the interim administrator against the person and may be executed, recalled, loosed or restricted accordingly.
(5) The execution of an arrestment under this section in respect of property does not prejudice the exercise of an interim administrator’s powers under or for the purposes of this Part in respect of that property.
(6) An arrestment executed under this section ceases to have effect when, or in so far as, the interim administration order ceases to apply in respect of the property in relation to which the warrant for arrestment was granted.
(7) If an arrestment ceases to have effect to any extent by virtue of subsection (6) the enforcement authority or, as the case may be, the interim administrator must apply to the Court of Session for an order recalling or, as the case may be, restricting the arrestment.
(1) If in proceedings under this Chapter the court is satisfied that any property is recoverable, the court must make a recovery order.
(2) The recovery order must vest the recoverable property in the trustee for civil recovery.
(3) But the court may not make in a recovery order—
(a) any provision in respect of any recoverable property if each of the conditions in subsection (4) or (as the case may be) (5) is met and it would not be just and equitable to do so, or
(b) any provision which is incompatible with any of the Convention rights (within the meaning of the Human Rights Act 1998 (c. 42)).
(4) In relation to a court in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the conditions referred to in subsection (3)(a) are that—
(a) the respondent obtained the recoverable property in good faith,
(b) he took steps after obtaining the property which he would not have taken if he had not obtained it or he took steps before obtaining the property which he would not have taken if he had not believed he was going to obtain it,
(c) when he took the steps, he had no notice that the property was recoverable,
(d) if a recovery order were made in respect of the property, it would, by reason of the steps, be detrimental to him.
(5) In relation to a court in Scotland, the conditions referred to in subsection (3)(a) are that—
(a) the respondent obtained the recoverable property in good faith,
(b) he took steps after obtaining the property which he would not have taken if he had not obtained it or he took steps before obtaining the property which he would not have taken if he had not believed he was going to obtain it,
(c) when he took the steps, he had no reasonable grounds for believing that the property was recoverable,
(d) if a recovery order were made in respect of the property, it would, by reason of the steps, be detrimental to him.
(6) In deciding whether it would be just and equitable to make the provision in the recovery order where the conditions in subsection (4) or (as the case may be) (5) are met, the court must have regard to—
(a) the degree of detriment that would be suffered by the respondent if the provision were made,
(b) the enforcement authority’s interest in receiving the realised proceeds of the recoverable property.
(7) A recovery order may sever any property.
(8) A recovery order may impose conditions as to the manner in which the trustee for civil recovery may deal with any property vested by the order for the purpose of realising it.
(8ZA) If the recoverable property in respect of which the Court of Session makes a recovery order includes heritable property, the Court of Session must, on the application of the enforcement authority, also grant decree of removing and warrant for ejection, enforceable by the trustee for civil recovery, in relation to any persons occupying the heritable property.
(8A) A recovery order made by a court in England and Wales or Northern Ireland may provide for payment under section 280 of reasonable legal expenses that a person has reasonably incurred, or may reasonably incur, in respect of—
(a) the proceedings under this Part in which the order is made, or
(b) any related proceedings under this Part.
(8B) If regulations under section 286B apply to an item of expenditure, a sum in respect of the item is not payable under section 280 in pursuance of provision under subsection (8A) unless—
(a) the enforcement authority agrees to its payment, or
(b) the court has assessed the amount allowed by the regulations in respect of that item and the sum is paid in respect of the assessed amount.
(9) This section is subject to sections 270 to 278.
(1) The trustee for civil recovery is a person appointed by the court to give effect to a recovery order.
(2) The enforcement authority must nominate a suitably qualified person for appointment as the trustee.
(3) The functions of the trustee are—
(a) to secure the detention, custody or preservation of any property vested in him by the recovery order,
(b) in the case of property other than money, to realise the value of the property for the benefit of the enforcement authority, and
(ba) if decree of removing and warrant for ejection is granted by the Court of Session under section 266(8ZA), to enforce the decree and warrant,
(c) to perform any other functions conferred on him by virtue of this Chapter.
(4) In performing his functions, the trustee acts on behalf of the enforcement authority and must comply with any directions given by the authority.
(5) The trustee is to realise the value of property vested in him by the recovery order, so far as practicable, in the manner best calculated to maximise the amount payable to the enforcement authority.
(6) The trustee has the powers mentioned in Schedule 7.
(7) References in this section to a recovery order include an order under section 276 and references to property vested in the trustee by a recovery order include property vested in him in pursuance of an order under section 276.
(1) The clerk of the court must immediately after the making of a recovery order which relates to heritable property situated in Scotland send a certified copy of it to the keeper of the register of inhibitions and adjudications for recording in that register.
(2) Recording under subsection (1) is to have the effect, as from the date of the recovery order, of an inhibition at the instance of the trustee for civil recovery against the person in whom the heritable property was vest prior to that date.
(1) A recovery order is to have effect in relation to any property despite any provision (of whatever nature) which would otherwise prevent, penalise or restrict the vesting of the property.
(2) A right of pre-emption, right of irritancy, right of return or other similar right does not operate or become exercisable as a result of the vesting of any property under a recovery order.
A right of return means any right under a provision for the return or reversion of property in specified circumstances.
(3) Where property is vested under a recovery order, any such right is to have effect as if the person in whom the property is vested were the same person in law as the person who held the property and as if no transfer of the property had taken place.
(4) References to rights in subsections (2) and (3) do not include any rights in respect of which the recovery order was made.
(5) This section applies in relation to the creation of interests, or the doing of anything else, by a recovery order as it applies in relation to the vesting of property.
(1) This section applies where, in making a recovery order, the Court of Session also grants decree of removing and warrant for ejection under section 266(8ZA) in relation to any persons occupying the heritable property.
(2) Any lease under which a person has the right to occupy the heritable property (or part of it) for residential or commercial purposes is terminated on the granting of decree of removing and warrant for ejection.
(3) Any other right to occupy the heritable property (or part of it) which subsists immediately before the granting of decree of removing and warrant for ejection is extinguished on the granting of the decree and warrant.
(4) Subsection (3) does not apply in relation to a right under a lease to occupy or use the property other than those mentioned in subsection (2).
(5) Where the heritable property is vested in the trustee for civil recovery under the recovery order, the following enactments do not apply in relation to the heritable property—
(a) sections 34 to 38A of the Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1907 (removings, notice of termination of tenancy and notice of removal);
(b) the Tenancy of Shops (Scotland) Act 1949;
(c) the Matrimonial Homes (Family Protection) (Scotland) Act 1981;
(d) Parts 2 and 3 of the Rent (Scotland) Act 1984 (security of tenure and protection against harassment and unlawful eviction);
(e) sections 4 to 7 of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1985 (termination of certain leases);
(f) Part 2 of the Housing (Scotland) Act 1988 (rented accommodation: security of tenure etc.);
(g) Chapter 3 of Part 3 of the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (occupancy rights and tenancies);
(h) Part 5 of the Private Housing (Tenancies) (Scotland) Act 2016 (security of tenure, termination of tenancy and eviction).
(1) Sections 271 and 272 apply if the court makes a recovery order in respect of any recoverable property in a case within subsection (2) or (3).
(2) A case is within this subsection if—
(a) the property to which the proceedings relate includes property which is associated with the recoverable property and is specified or described in the claim form or (in Scotland) application, and
(b) if the associated property is not the respondent’s property, the claim form or application has been served on the person whose property it is or the court has dispensed with service.
(3) A case is within this subsection if—
(a) the recoverable property belongs to joint tenants, and
(b) one of the tenants is an excepted joint owner.
(4) An excepted joint owner is a person who obtained the property in circumstances in which it would not be recoverable as against him; and references to the excepted joint owner’s share of the recoverable property are to so much of the recoverable property as would have been his if the joint tenancy had been severed.
(5) Subsections (3) and (4) do not extend to Scotland.
271 Agreements about associated and joint property
(1) Where—
(a) this section applies, and
(b) the enforcement authority (on the one hand) and the person who holds the associated property or who is the excepted joint owner (on the other) agree,
the recovery order may, instead of vesting the recoverable property in the trustee for civil recovery, require the person who holds the associated property or who is the excepted joint owner to make a payment to the trustee.
(2) A recovery order which makes any requirement under subsection (1) may, so far as required for giving effect to the agreement, include provision for vesting, creating or extinguishing any interest in property.
(3) The amount of the payment is to be the amount which the enforcement authority and that person agree represents—
(a) in a case within section 270(2), the value of the recoverable property,
(b) in a case within section 270(3), the value of the recoverable property less the value of the excepted joint owner’s share.
(4) But if—
(a) a property freezing order, an interim receiving order, a prohibitory property order or an interim administration order applied at any time to the associated property or joint tenancy, and
(b) the enforcement authority agrees that the person has suffered loss as a result of the order mentioned in paragraph (a),
the amount of the payment may be reduced by any amount the enforcement authority and that person agree is reasonable, having regard to that loss and to any other relevant circumstances.
(5) If there is more than one such item of associated property or excepted joint owner, the total amount to be paid to the trustee, and the part of that amount which is to be provided by each person who holds any such associated property or who is an excepted joint owner, is to be agreed between both (or all) of them and the enforcement authority.
(6) A recovery order which makes any requirement under subsection (1) must make provision for any recoverable property to cease to be recoverable.
272 Associated and joint property: default of agreement
(1) Where this section applies, the court may make the following provision if—
(a) there is no agreement under section 271, and
(b) the court thinks it just and equitable to do so.
(2) The recovery order may provide—
(a) for the associated property to vest in the trustee for civil recovery or (as the case may be) for the excepted joint owner’s interest to be extinguished, or
(b) in the case of an excepted joint owner, for the severance of his interest.
(3) A recovery order making any provision by virtue of subsection (2)(a) may provide—
(a) for the trustee to pay an amount to the person who holds the associated property or who is an excepted joint owner, or
(b) for the creation of interests in favour of that person, or the imposition of liabilities or conditions, in relation to the property vested in the trustee,
or for both.
(4) In making any provision in a recovery order by virtue of subsection (2) or (3), the court must have regard to—
(a) the rights of any person who holds the associated property or who is an excepted joint owner and the value to him of that property or, as the case may be, of his share (including any value which cannot be assessed in terms of money),
(b) the enforcement authority’s interest in receiving the realised proceeds of the recoverable property.
(5) If—
(a) a property freezing order, an interim receiving order, a prohibitory property order or an interim administration order applied at any time to the associated property or joint tenancy, and
(b) the court is satisfied that the person who holds the associated property or who is an excepted joint owner has suffered loss as a result of the order mentioned in paragraph (a) ,
a recovery order making any provision by virtue of subsection (2) or (3) may require the enforcement authority to pay compensation to that person.
(6) The amount of compensation to be paid under subsection (5) is the amount the court thinks reasonable, having regard to the person’s loss and to any other relevant circumstances.
(7) In subsection (5) the reference to the enforcement authority is, in the case of an enforcement authority in relation to England and Wales or Northern Ireland, a reference to the enforcement authority which obtained the property freezing order or interim receiving order concerned.
273 Payments in respect of rights under pension schemes
(1) This section applies to recoverable property consisting of rights under a pension scheme.
(2) A recovery order in respect of the property must, instead of vesting the property in the trustee for civil recovery, require the trustees or managers of the pension scheme—
(a) to pay to the trustee for civil recovery within a prescribed period the amount determined by the trustees or managers to be equal to the value of the rights, and
(b) to give effect to any other provision made by virtue of this section and the two following sections in respect of the scheme.
This subsection is subject to sections 276 to 278.
(3) A recovery order made by virtue of subsection (2) overrides the provisions of the pension scheme to the extent that they conflict with the provisions of the order.
(4) A recovery order made by virtue of subsection (2) may provide for the recovery by the trustees or managers of the scheme (whether by deduction from any amount which they are required to pay to the trustee for civil recovery or otherwise) of costs incurred by them in—
(a) complying with the recovery order, or
(b) providing information, before the order was made, to the enforcement authority, receiver appointed under section 245E, PPO receiver, interim receiver or interim administrator.
(5) None of the following provisions applies to a court making a recovery order by virtue of subsection (2)—
(a) any provision of section 159 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (c. 48), section 155 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 (c. 49), section 91 of the Pensions Act 1995 (c. 26) or Article 89 of the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (S.I. 1995/3213 (N.I. 22)) (which prevent assignment and the making of orders that restrain a person from receiving anything which he is prevented from assigning),
(b) any provision of any enactment (whenever passed or made) corresponding to any of the provisions mentioned in paragraph (a),
(c) any provision of the pension scheme in question corresponding to any of those provisions.
274 Consequential adjustment of liabilities under pension schemes
(1) A recovery order made by virtue of section 273(2) must require the trustees or managers of the pension scheme to make such reduction in the liabilities of the scheme as they think necessary in consequence of the payment made in pursuance of that subsection.
(2) Accordingly, the order must require the trustees or managers to provide for the liabilities of the pension scheme in respect of the respondent’s recoverable property to which section 273 applies to cease.
(3) So far as the trustees or managers are required by the recovery order to provide for the liabilities of the pension scheme in respect of the respondent’s recoverable property to which section 273 applies to cease, their powers include (in particular) power to reduce the amount of—
(a) any benefit or future benefit to which the respondent is or may be entitled under the scheme,
(b) any future benefit to which any other person may be entitled under the scheme in respect of that property.
(1) Regulations may make provision as to the exercise by trustees or managers of their powers under sections 273 and 274, including provision about the calculation and verification of the value at any time of rights or liabilities.
(2) The power conferred by subsection (1) includes power to provide for any values to be calculated or verified—
(a) in a manner which, in the particular case, is approved by a prescribed person, or
(b) in accordance with guidance from time to time prepared by a prescribed person.
(3) Regulations means regulations made by the Secretary of State after consultation with the Scottish Ministers or, in relation to Northern Ireland, regulations made by the Department of Justice ; and prescribed means prescribed by regulations.
(4) A pension scheme means an occupational pension scheme or a personal pension scheme; and those expressions have the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (c. 48) or, in relation to Northern Ireland, the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 (c. 49).
(5) In relation to an occupational pension scheme or a personal pension scheme, the trustees or managers means—
(a) in the case of a scheme established under a trust, the trustees,
(b) in any other case, the managers.
(6) References to a pension scheme include—
(a) a retirement annuity contract (within the meaning of Part 3 of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (c. 30) or, in relation to Northern Ireland, Part 4 of the Welfare Reform and Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1999),
(b) an annuity or insurance policy purchased, or transferred, for the purpose of giving effect to rights under an occupational pension scheme or a personal pension scheme,
(c) an annuity purchased, or entered into, for the purpose of discharging any liability in respect of a pension credit under section 29(1)(b) of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (c. 30) or, in relation to Northern Ireland, Article 26(1)(b) of the Welfare Reform and Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1999.
(7) References to the trustees or managers—
(a) in relation to a retirement annuity contract or other annuity, are to the provider of the annuity,
(b) in relation to an insurance policy, are to the insurer.
(8) Subsections (3) to (7) have effect for the purposes of this group of sections (that is, sections 273 and 274 and this section).
(1) The court may make an order staying (in Scotland, sisting) any proceedings for a recovery order on terms agreed by the parties for the disposal of the proceedings if each person to whose property the proceedings, or the agreement, relates is a party both to the proceedings and the agreement.
(2) An order under subsection (1) may, as well as staying (or sisting) the proceedings on terms—
(a) make provision for any property which may be recoverable property to cease to be recoverable,
(b) make any further provision which the court thinks appropriate.
(3) Section 280 applies to property vested in the trustee for civil recovery, or money paid to him, in pursuance of the agreement as it applies to property vested in him by a recovery order or money paid under section 271.
(1) This section applies where recoverable property to which proceedings under this Chapter relate includes rights under a pension scheme.
(2) An order made under section 276—
(a) may not stay (in Scotland, sist) the proceedings on terms that the rights are vested in any other person, but
(b) may include provision imposing the following requirement, if the trustees or managers of the scheme are parties to the agreement by virtue of which the order is made.
(3) The requirement is that the trustees or managers of the pension scheme—
(a) make a payment in accordance with the agreement, and
(b) give effect to any other provision made by virtue of this section in respect of the scheme.
(4) The trustees or managers of the pension scheme have power to enter into an agreement in respect of the proceedings on any terms on which an order made under section 276 may stay (in Scotland, sist) the proceedings.
(5) The following provisions apply in respect of an order under section 276, so far as it includes the requirement mentioned in subsection (3).
(6) The order overrides the provisions of the pension scheme to the extent that they conflict with the requirement.
(7) The order may provide for the recovery by the trustees or managers of the scheme (whether by deduction from any amount which they are required to pay in pursuance of the agreement or otherwise) of costs incurred by them in—
(a) complying with the order, or
(b) providing information, before the order was made, to the enforcement authority, receiver appointed under section 245E, PPO receiver, interim receiver or interim administrator.
(8) Sections 273(5) and 274 (read with section 275) apply as if the requirement were included in an order made by virtue of section 273(2).
(9) Section 275(4) to (7) has effect for the purposes of this section.
(1) This section applies if the enforcement authority seeks a recovery order—
(a) in respect of both property which is or represents property obtained through unlawful conduct and related property, or
(b) in respect of property which is or represents property obtained through unlawful conduct where such an order, or an order under section 276, has previously been made in respect of related property.
(2) For the purposes of this section—
(a) the original property means the property obtained through unlawful conduct,
(b) the original property, and any items of property which represent the original property, are to be treated as related to each other.
(3) The court is not to make a recovery order if it thinks that the enforcement authority’s right to recover the original property has been satisfied by a previous recovery order or order under section 276.
(4) Subject to subsection (3), the court may act under subsection (5) if it thinks that—
(a) a recovery order may be made in respect of two or more related items of recoverable property, but
(b) the making of a recovery order in respect of both or all of them is not required in order to satisfy the enforcement authority’s right to recover the original property.
(5) The court may in order to satisfy that right to the extent required make a recovery order in respect of—
(a) only some of the related items of property, or
(b) only a part of any of the related items of property,
or both.
(6) Where the court may make a recovery order in respect of any property, this section does not prevent the recovery of any profits which have accrued in respect of the property.
(6A) If—
(a) recoverable property is forfeited in pursuance of a forfeiture notice under section 297A or an account forfeiture notice under section 303Z9, and
(b) the enforcement authority subsequently seeks a recovery order in respect of related property,
the notice is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were a recovery order obtained by the enforcement authority in respect of the forfeited property.
(7) If—
(a) an order is made under section 298 , 303O , 303R , 303Z14, 303Z41, 303Z45 or 303Z60 for the forfeiture of recoverable property, and
(b) the enforcement authority subsequently seeks a recovery order in respect of related property,
the order under that section is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were a recovery order obtained by the enforcement authority in respect of the forfeited property.
(7A) If—
(a) an order is made under section 303Q instead of an order being made under section 303O for the forfeiture of recoverable property, and
(b) the enforcement authority subsequently seeks a recovery order in respect of related property,
the order under section 303Q is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were a recovery order obtained by the enforcement authority in respect of the property that was the forfeitable property in relation to the order under section 303Q.
(7B) If—
(a) an order is made under section 303Z44 instead of an order being made under section 303Z41 for the forfeiture of recoverable property, and
(b) the enforcement authority subsequently seeks a recovery order in respect of related property,
the order under section 303Z44 is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were a recovery order obtained by the enforcement authority in respect of the property that was the forfeitable property in relation to the order under section 303Z44.
(8) If—
(a) in pursuance of a judgment in civil proceedings (whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere), the claimant has obtained property from the defendant (“the judgment property”),
(b) the claim was based on the defendant’s having obtained the judgment property or related property through unlawful conduct, and
(c) the enforcement authority subsequently seeks a recovery order in respect of property which is related to the judgment property,
the judgment is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were a recovery order obtained by the enforcement authority in respect of the judgment property.
In relation to Scotland, “claimant” and “defendant” are to be read as “pursuer” and “defender”.
(9) If—
(a) property has been taken into account in deciding the amount of a person’s benefit from criminal conduct for the purpose of making a confiscation order, and
(b) the enforcement authority subsequently seeks a recovery order in respect of related property,
the confiscation order is to be treated for the purposes of this section as if it were a recovery order obtained by the enforcement authority in respect of the property referred to in paragraph (a).
(10) In subsection (9), a confiscation order means—
(a) an order under section 6, 92 or 156, or
(b) an order under a corresponding provision of an enactment mentioned in section 8(7)(a) to (g),
and, in relation to an order mentioned in paragraph (b), the reference to the amount of a person’s benefit from criminal conduct is to be read as a reference to the corresponding amount under the enactment in question.
(1) Subsections (2) and (3) give examples of the satisfaction of the enforcement authority’s right to recover the original property.
(2) If—
(a) there is a disposal, other than a part disposal, of the original property, and
(b) other property (the representative property) is obtained in its place,
the enforcement authority’s right to recover the original property is satisfied by the making of a recovery order in respect of either the original property or the representative property.
(3) If—
(a) there is a part disposal of the original property, and
(b) other property (the representative property) is obtained in place of the property disposed of,
the enforcement authority’s right to recover the original property is satisfied by the making of a recovery order in respect of the remainder of the original property together with either the representative property or the property disposed of.
(4) In this section—
(a) a part disposal means a disposal to which section 314(1) applies,
(b) the original property has the same meaning as in section 278.
(1) Subsection (2) applies to sums which are in the hands of the trustee for civil recovery if they are—
(a) sums which represent the realised proceeds of property which was vested in the trustee for civil recovery by a recovery order or which he obtained in pursuance of a recovery order,
(b) sums vested in the trustee by a recovery order or obtained by him in pursuance of a recovery order.
(2) The trustee is to make out of the sums—
(a) first, any payment required to be made by him by virtue of section 272,
(aa) next, any payment of legal expenses which, after giving effect to section 266(8B), are payable under this subsection in pursuance of provision under section 266(8A) contained in the recovery order,
(b) then, any payment of expenses incurred by a person acting as an insolvency practitioner which are payable under this subsection by virtue of section 432(10),
and any sum which remains is to be paid to the enforcement authority.
(3) The enforcement authority (unless it is the Scottish Ministers) may apply a sum received by it under subsection (2) in making payment of the remuneration and expenses of—
(a) the trustee, or
(b) any interim receiver appointed in, or in anticipation of, the proceedings for the recovery order.
(4) Subsection (3)(a) does not apply in relation to the remuneration of the trustee if the trustee is a member of the staff of the enforcement authority concerned (but it does apply in relation to such remuneration if the trustee is a person providing services under arrangements made by that enforcement authority).
(1) In proceedings for a recovery order, a person who claims that any property alleged to be recoverable property, or any part of the property, belongs to him may apply for a declaration under this section.
(2) If the applicant appears to the court to meet the following condition, the court may make a declaration to that effect.
(3) The condition is that—
(a) the person was deprived of the property he claims, or of property which it represents, by unlawful conduct,
(b) the property he was deprived of was not recoverable property immediately before he was deprived of it, and
(c) the property he claims belongs to him.
(4) Property to which a declaration under this section applies is not recoverable property.
(1) Proceedings for a recovery order may not be taken against any person in circumstances of a prescribed description; and the circumstances may relate to the person himself or to the property or to any other matter.
In this subsection, prescribed means prescribed by an order made by the Secretary of State after consultation with the Scottish Ministers or, in relation to Northern Ireland, prescribed by an order made by the Department of Justice.
(2) Proceedings for a recovery order may not be taken in respect of cash found at any place in the United Kingdom unless the proceedings are also taken in respect of property other than cash which is property of the same person.
(3) Proceedings for a recovery order may not be taken against the Financial Conduct Authority or the Prudential Regulation Authority in respect of any recoverable property held by it.
(4) Proceedings for a recovery order may not be taken in respect of any property which is subject to any of the following charges—
(a) a collateral security charge, within the meaning of the Financial Markets and Insolvency (Settlement Finality) Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/2979),
(b) a market charge, within the meaning of Part 7 of the Companies Act 1989 (c. 40),
(c) a money market charge, within the meaning of the Financial Markets and Insolvency (Money Market) Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/2049),
(d) a system charge, within the meaning of the Financial Markets and Insolvency Regulations 1996 (S.I. 1996/1469) or the Financial Markets and Insolvency Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1996 (S.R. 1996/252).
(5) Proceedings for a recovery order may not be taken against any person in respect of any recoverable property which he holds by reason of his acting, or having acted, as an insolvency practitioner.
Acting as an insolvency practitioner has the same meaning as in section 433.
(1) An order under this Chapter may be made by the High Court ... or the Court of Session—
(a) in respect of property wherever situated, and
(b) in respect of a person wherever domiciled, resident or present,
subject to subsection (2).
(2) Such an order may not be made by the High Court ... or the Court of Session in respect of—
(a) property that is outside the United Kingdom, or
(b) property that is in the United Kingdom but outside the relevant part of the United Kingdom,
unless there is or has been a connection between the case and the relevant part of the United Kingdom.
(3) The circumstances in which there is or has been such a connection include those described in Schedule 7A.
(4) “The relevant part of the United Kingdom” means—
(a) in relation to an order made by the High Court in England and Wales, England and Wales, ...
(b) in relation to an order made by the Court of Session, Scotland., and
(c) in relation to an order made by the High Court in Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland.
282B Enforcement abroad before recovery order: enforcement authority
(1) This section applies if—
(a) the property freezing conditions are met in relation to property,
(b) the property is not property to which a recovery order applies, and
(c) an enforcement authority ... believes that the property is in a country outside the United Kingdom (the receiving country).
(2) The property freezing conditions are—
(a) in England and Wales and Northern Ireland , the conditions in section 245A(5) and (6), and
(b) in Scotland, the conditions in section 255A(5) and (6),
and, for the purposes of this subsection, the references in those provisions to property to which the application for the order relates are to be read as references to the property mentioned in subsection (1)(a).
(3) The enforcement authority may send a request for assistance in relation to the property to the Secretary of State with a view to it being forwarded under this section.
(4) The Secretary of State may forward the request for assistance to the government of the receiving country.
(5) A request for assistance under this section is a request to the government of the receiving country—
(a) to secure that any person is prohibited from dealing with the property;
(b) for assistance in connection with the management of the property, including with securing its detention, custody or preservation.
282C Enforcement abroad before recovery order: receiver or administrator
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a property freezing order ... has effect in relation to property, and
(b) the receiver appointed under section 245E in respect of the property believes that it is in a country outside the United Kingdom (the receiving country).
(2) This section also applies if—
(a) an interim receiving order ... or an interim administration order has effect in relation to property, and
(b) the interim receiver or interim administrator believes that the property is in a country outside the United Kingdom (the receiving country).
(3) The receiver or administrator may send a request for assistance in relation to the property to the Secretary of State with a view to it being forwarded under this section.
(4) The Secretary of State must forward the request for assistance to the government of the receiving country.
(5) A request for assistance under this section is a request to the government of the receiving country—
(a) to secure that any person is prohibited from dealing with the property;
(b) for assistance in connection with the management of the property, including with securing its detention, custody or preservation.
282CA Enforcement abroad before recovery order: PPO receiver
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a prohibitory property order made by the Court of Session has effect in relation to property, and
(b) the PPO receiver appointed under section 255G in respect of the property believes that it is in a country outside the United Kingdom (the “receiving country”).
(2) The PPO receiver may send a request for assistance in relation to the property to the Secretary of State with a view to it being forwarded under this section.
(3) The Secretary of State must forward the request for assistance to the government of the receiving country.
(4) A request for assistance under this section is a request to the government of the receiving country—
(a) to secure that any person is prohibited from dealing with the property,
(b) for assistance in connection with the management of the property, including with securing its detention, custody or preservation.
282D Evidence overseas: interim receiver or interim administrator
(1) This section applies if—
(a) an interim receiving order ... or an interim administration order has effect in relation to property, and
(b) the order requires the interim receiver or interim administrator to take steps to establish a matter described in section 247(2)(a) or (b) or 257(2)(a) or (b).
(2) The interim receiver or interim administrator may request assistance under this section if the interim receiver or interim administrator thinks that there is relevant evidence in a country outside the United Kingdom.
(3) A judge of the High Court ... may request assistance under this section if—
(a) an application is made by the interim receiver or by a person subject to investigation by the interim receiver, and
(b) the judge thinks that there is relevant evidence in a country outside the United Kingdom.
(4) A judge of the Court of Session may request assistance under this section if—
(a) an application is made by the interim administrator or by a person subject to investigation by the interim administrator, and
(b) the judge thinks that there is relevant evidence in a country outside the United Kingdom.
(5) The assistance that may be requested under this section is assistance in obtaining outside the United Kingdom relevant evidence specified in the request.
(6) Relevant evidence is—
(a) in relation to an application or request made for the purposes of an investigation by an interim receiver, evidence as to a matter described in section 247(2)(a) or (b);
(b) in relation to an application or request made for the purposes of an investigation by an interim administrator, evidence as to a matter described in section 257(2)(a) or (b).
(7) A request for assistance under this section may be sent—
(a) to a court or tribunal which is specified in the request and which exercises jurisdiction in the place where the evidence is to be obtained,
(b) to the government of the country concerned, or
(c) to an authority recognised by the government of the country concerned as the appropriate authority for receiving requests for assistance of that kind.
(8) Alternatively, a request for assistance under this section may be sent to the Secretary of State with a view to it being forwarded to a court, tribunal, government or authority mentioned in subsection (7).
(9) The Secretary of State must forward the request for assistance to the court, tribunal, government or authority.
(10) In a case of urgency, a request for assistance under this section may be sent to—
(a) the International Criminal Police Organisation, ...
(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
for forwarding to the court, tribunal, government or authority mentioned in subsection (7).
(11) Rules of court may make provision as to the practice and procedure to be followed in connection with proceedings relating to requests for assistance made by a judge under this section.
(12) “Evidence” includes documents, information in any other form and material.
(1) This section applies to evidence obtained by means of a request for assistance under section 282D.
(2) The evidence must not be used for any purpose other than—
(a) for the purposes of carrying out the functions of the interim receiver or interim administrator, or
(b) for the purposes of proceedings under this Chapter of this Part in respect of property described in subsection (3) or any proceedings arising out of such proceedings.
(3) That property is—
(a) the property that is the subject of the interim receiving order or interim administration order, or
(b) other property that is recoverable property in respect of the same unlawful conduct.
(4) Subsection (2) does not apply if the court, tribunal, government or authority to whom the request for assistance was sent consents to the use.
(5) In Scotland, the evidence may be received in evidence without being sworn to by anyone, so far as that may be done without unfairness to any party.
(1) This section applies if—
(a) a recovery order ... has effect in relation to property, and
(b) the enforcement authority or the trustee for civil recovery believes that the property is in a country outside the United Kingdom (the receiving country).
(2) The enforcement authority or trustee for civil recovery may send a request for assistance in relation to the property to the Secretary of State with a view to it being forwarded under this section.
(3) The Secretary of State may forward a request for assistance from the enforcement authority to the government of the receiving country.
(4) The Secretary of State must forward a request for assistance from the trustee for civil recovery to the government of the receiving country.
(5) A request for assistance is a request to the government of the receiving country for assistance in connection with the management and disposal of the property and includes a request—
(a) to secure the detention, custody or preservation of the property;
(b) in the case of money, to secure that it is applied in accordance with the law of the receiving country;
(c) in the case of property other than money, to secure that the property is realised and the proceeds are applied in accordance with the law of the receiving country.
(6) A certificate purporting to be issued by or on behalf of the government of the receiving country is admissible as evidence of the facts it states if it states—
(a) that property has been realised in pursuance of a request under this section,
(b) the date of realisation, and
(c) the proceeds of realisation.
(1) If, in the case of any property to which a property freezing order, an interim receiving order, a prohibitory property order or an interim administration order has at any time applied, the court does not in the course of the proceedings decide that the property is recoverable property or associated property, the person whose property it is may make an application to the court for compensation.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the court—
(a) has made a declaration in respect of the property by virtue of section 281, or
(b) makes an order under section 276.
(3) If the court has made a decision by reason of which no recovery order could be made in respect of the property, the application for compensation must be made within the period of three months beginning—
(a) in relation to a decision of the High Court in England and Wales, with the date of the decision or, if any application is made for leave to appeal, with the date on which the application is withdrawn or refused or (if the application is granted) on which any proceedings on appeal are finally concluded,
(b) in relation to a decision of the Court of Session or of the High Court in Northern Ireland, with the date of the decision or, if there is an appeal against the decision, with the date on which any proceedings on appeal are finally concluded.
(4) If, in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the proceedings in respect of the property have been discontinued, the application for compensation must be made within the period of three months beginning with the discontinuance.
(5) If the court is satisfied that the applicant has suffered loss as a result of the order mentioned in subsection (1) , it may require the enforcement authority to pay compensation to him.
(6) If, but for section 269(2), any right mentioned there would have operated in favour of, or become exercisable by, any person, he may make an application to the court for compensation.
(7) The application for compensation under subsection (6) must be made within the period of three months beginning with the vesting referred to in section 269(2).
(8) If the court is satisfied that, in consequence of the operation of section 269, the right in question cannot subsequently operate in favour of the applicant or (as the case may be) become exercisable by him, it may require the enforcement authority to pay compensation to him.
(9) The amount of compensation to be paid under this section is the amount the court thinks reasonable, having regard to the loss suffered and any other relevant circumstances.
(10) In the case of an enforcement authority in relation to England and Wales or Northern Ireland—
(a) the reference in subsection (5) to the enforcement authority is a reference to the enforcement authority which obtained the property freezing order or interim receiving order concerned, and
(b) the reference in subsection (8) to the enforcement authority is a reference to the enforcement authority which obtained the recovery order concerned.
284 Payment of interim administrator or trustee (Scotland)
(1) Any fees or expenses incurred by an interim administrator, or a trustee for civil recovery appointed by the Court of Session, in the exercise of his functions are to be reimbursed by the Scottish Ministers as soon as is practicable after they have been incurred.
(2) The Scottish Ministers may apply a sum received by them under section 280(2) in making payment of such fees or expenses.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply in relation to the fees of a trustee for civil recovery if the trustee is a member of their staff.
285 Effect on diligence of recovery order (Scotland)
(1) An arrestment or attachment of any recoverable property executed on or after the appointment of the trustee for civil recovery is ineffectual in a question with the trustee.
(2) Any recoverable property so arrested or attached. , or (if the property has been sold) the proceeds of sale, must be handed over to the trustee for civil recovery.
(3) A poinding of the ground in respect of recoverable property on or after such an appointment is ineffectual in a question with the trustee for civil recovery except for the interest mentioned in subsection (4).
(4) That interest is—
(a) interest on the debt of a secured creditor for the current half yearly term, and
(b) arrears of interest on that debt for one year immediately before the commencement of that term.
(5) On and after such appointment no other person may raise or insist in an adjudication against recoverable property or be confirmed as an executor-creditor on that property.
(6) An inhibition on recoverable property shall cease to have effect in relation to any heritable property comprised in the recoverable property on such appointment.
(7) The provisions of this section apply in relation to—
(a) an action of maills and duties, and
(b) an action for sequestration of rent,
as they apply in relation to an arrestment or attachment .