Law

Finance Act 1994

United Kingdom · statute

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In force since 2026-04-01, as the publisher states.

Copy read on 2026-11-08. The page it was read from

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.

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Contents: 333 provisions

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333 provisions

57 Tax representatives.

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58 Rights and duties of tax representatives.

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59 Appeals

(1) Subject to section 60, an appeal shall lie to an appeal tribunal from any person who is or will be affected by any decision of HMRC with respect to the any of the following matters— (a) the registration or cancellation of registration of any person under this Part; (b) whether tax is chargeable in respect of a premium or how much tax is chargeable; (bb) whether a payment falls to be treated under section 52A(2) above as a premium received under a taxable insurance contract by an insurer and chargeable to tax at the higher rate; (c) whether a person is entitled to credit by virtue of regulations under section 55 above or how much credit a person is entitled to or the manner in which he is to benefit from credit; (d) an assessment falling within subsection (1A) below or the amount of such an assessment; (e) any refusal of an application under section 63 below; (f) whether a notice may be served on a person by virtue of regulations made under section 65 below; (g) an assessment under regulations made under section 65 below or the amount of such an assessment; (h) whether a scheme established by regulations under section 68 below applies to an insurer as regards an accounting period; (ha) a refusal of an application for an exemption under section 69C or the withdrawal of such an exemption; (i) the requirement of any security under paragraph 24 of Schedule 7 to this Act or its amount; (j) any liability to a penalty under paragraphs 12 to 19 of Schedule 7 to this Act; (k) the amount of any penalty or interest specified in an assessment under paragraph 25 of Schedule 7 to this Act; (l) a claim for the repayment of an amount under paragraph 8 of Schedule 7 to this Act; (m) any liability of the Commissioners to pay interest under paragraph 22 of Schedule 7 to this Act or the amount of the interest payable. (1A) An assessment falls within this subsection if it is an assessment under section 56 above in respect of an accounting period in relation to which a return required to be made by virtue of regulations under section 54 above has been made. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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59A Offer of review

(1) HMRC must offer a person (P) a review of a decision that has been notified to P if an appeal lies under section 59 in respect of the decision. (2) The offer of the review must be made by notice given to P at the same time as the decision is notified to P. (3) This section does not apply to the notification of the conclusions of a review.

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59B Right to require review

(1) Any person (other than P) who has the right of appeal under section 59 against a decision may require HMRC to review that decision if that person has not appealed to the appeal tribunal under section 59G. (2) A notification that such a person requires a review must be made within 30 days of that person becoming aware of the decision.

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59C Review by HMRC

(1) HMRC must review a decision if— (a) they have offered a review of the decision under section 59A, and (b) P notifies HMRC accepting the offer within 30 days from the date of the document containing the notification of the offer. (2) But P may not notify acceptance of the offer if P has already appealed to the appeal tribunal under section 59G. (3) HMRC must review a decision if a person other than P notifies them under section 59B. (4) HMRC shall not review a decision if P, or another person, has appealed to the appeal tribunal under section 59G in respect of the decision.

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59D Extensions of time

(1) If under section 59A HMRC have offered P a review of a decision, HMRC may within the relevant period notify P that the relevant period is extended. (2) If under section 59B another person may require HMRC to review a matter, HMRC may within the relevant period notify the other person that the relevant period is extended. (3) If notice is given the relevant period is extended to the end of 30 days from— (a) the date of the notice, or (b) any other date set out in the notice or a further notice. (4) In this section “relevant period” means— (a) the period of 30 days referred to in— (i) section 59C(1)(b) (in a case falling within subsection (1)), or (ii) section 59B(2) (in a case falling within subsection (2)), or (b) if notice has been given under subsection (1) or (2), that period as extended (or as most recently extended) in accordance with subsection (3).

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59E Review out of time

(1) This section applies if— (a) HMRC have offered a review of a decision under section 59A and P does not accept the offer within the time allowed under section 59C(1)(b) or 59D(3); or (b) a person who requires a review under section 59B does not notify HMRC within the time allowed under that section or section 59D(3). (2) HMRC must review the decision under section 59C if— (a) after the time allowed, P, or the other person, notifies HMRC in writing requesting a review out of time, (b) HMRC are satisfied that P, or the other person, had a reasonable excuse for not accepting the offer or requiring review within the time allowed, and (c) HMRC are satisfied that P, or the other person, made the request without unreasonable delay after the excuse had ceased to apply. (3) HMRC shall not review a decision if P, or another person, has appealed to the appeal tribunal under section 59G in respect of the decision.

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59F Nature of review etc

(1) This section applies if HMRC are required to undertake a review under section 59C or 59E. (2) The nature and extent of the review are to be such as appear appropriate to HMRC in the circumstances. (3) For the purpose of subsection (2), HMRC must, in particular, have regard to steps taken before the beginning of the review— (a) by HMRC in reaching the decision, and (b) by any person in seeking to resolve disagreement about the decision. (4) The review must take account of any representations made by P, or the other person, at a stage which gives HMRC a reasonable opportunity to consider them. (5) The review may conclude that the decision is to be— (a) upheld, (b) varied, or (c) cancelled. (6) HMRC must give P, or the other person, notice of the conclusions of the review and their reasoning within— (a) a period of 45 days beginning with the relevant date, or (b) such other period as HMRC and P, or the other person, may agree. (7) In subsection (6) “relevant date” means— (a) the date HMRC received P’s notification accepting the offer of a review (in a case falling within section 59A), or (b) the date HMRC received notification from another person requiring review (in a case falling within section 59B), or (c) the date on which HMRC decided to undertake the review (in a case falling within section 59E). (8) Where HMRC are required to undertake a review but do not give notice of the conclusions within the time period specified in subsection (6), the review is to be treated as having concluded that the decision is upheld. (9) If subsection (8) applies, HMRC must notify P or the other person of the conclusion which the review is treated as having reached.

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59G Bringing of appeals

(1) An appeal under section 59 is to be made to the appeal tribunal before— (a) the end of the period of 30 days beginning with— (i) in a case where P is the appellant, the date of the document notifying the decision to which the appeal relates, or (ii) in a case where a person other than P is the appellant, the date that person becomes aware of the decision, or (b) if later, the end of the relevant period (within the meaning of section 59D). (2) But that is subject to subsections (3) to (5). (3) In a case where HMRC are required to undertake a review under section 59C— (a) an appeal may not be made until the conclusion date, and (b) any appeal is to be made within the period of 30 days beginning with the conclusion date. (4) In a case where HMRC are requested to undertake a review by virtue of section 59E— (a) an appeal may not be made to an appeal tribunal— (i) unless HMRC have notified P, or the other person, as to whether or not a review will be undertaken, and (ii) if HMRC have notified P, or the other person, that a review will be undertaken, until the conclusion date; (b) any appeal where paragraph (a)(ii) applies is to be made within the period of 30 days beginning with the conclusion date; (c) if HMRC have notified P, or the other person, that a review will not be undertaken, an appeal may be made only if the appeal tribunal gives permission to do so. (5) In a case where section 59F(8) applies, an appeal may be made at any time from the end of the period specified in section 59F(6) to the date 30 days after the conclusion date. (6) An appeal may be made after the end of the period specified in subsection (1), (3)(b), (4)(b) or (5) if the appeal tribunal gives permission to do so. (7) In this section “conclusion date” means the date of the document notifying the conclusion of the review.

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60 Further provisions relating to appeals

(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) Without prejudice to paragraph 13 of Schedule 7 to this Act, nothing in section 59 above shall be taken to confer on a tribunal any power to vary an amount assessed by way of penalty or interest except in so far as it is necessary to reduce it to the amount which is appropriate under paragraphs 12 to 21 of that Schedule. (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) Subject to subsections (4A) and (4B), where the appeal is against the decisions with respect to any of the matters mentioned in section 59(1)(b) and (d), it shall not be entertained unless the amount which HMRC have determined to be payable as tax has been paid or deposited with them. (4A) In a case where the amount determined to be payable as tax has not been paid or deposited an appeal shall be entertained if— (a) HMRC are satisfied (on the application of the appellant), or (b) the appeal tribunal decides (HMRC not being so satisfied and on the application of the appellant), that the requirement to pay or deposit the amount determined would cause the appellant to suffer hardship. (4B) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 11 and 13 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, the decision of the appeal tribunal as to the issue of hardship is final. (5) Where on an appeal against a decision with respect to any of the matters mentioned in section 59(1)(d) above— (a) it is found that the amount specified in the assessment is less than it ought to have been, and (b) the tribunal gives a direction specifying the correct amount, the assessment shall have effect as an assessment of the amount specified in the direction and that amount shall be deemed to have been notified to the appellant. (6) Where on an appeal under this section it is found that the whole or part of any amount paid or deposited in pursuance of subsection (4) above is not due, so much of that amount as is found not to be due shall be repaid with interest at the rate applicable under section 197 of the Finance Act 1996 . (7) Where on an appeal under this section it is found that the whole or part of any amount due to the appellant by virtue of regulations under section 55(3)(c) or (d) or (f) above has not been paid, so much of that amount as is found not to have been paid shall be paid with interest at the rate applicable under section 197 of the Finance Act 1996 . (8) Where an appeal under this section has been entertained notwithstanding that an amount determined by HMRC to be payable as tax has not been paid or deposited and it is found on the appeal that that amount is due it shall be paid with interest at the rate applicable under section 197 of the Finance Act 1996. (8A) Interest under subsection (8) shall be paid without any deduction of income tax. (9) On an appeal against an assessment to a penalty under paragraph 12 of Schedule 7 to this Act, the burden of proof as to the matters specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 12 shall lie upon HMRC . (10) Sections 85 and 85B of the Value Added Tax Act 1994 (settling of appeals by agreement and payment of tax where there is a further appeal) shall have effect as if— (a) the references to section 83 of that Act included references to section 59 above, and (b) the references to value added tax included references to insurance premium tax.

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61 Review and appeal: commencement.

Sections 59 and 60 above shall come into force on such day as may be appointed by order.

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62 Partnership, bankruptcy, transfer of business, etc.

(1) Regulations may make provision for determining by what persons anything required by this Part to be done by an insurer or taxable intermediary is to be done where the business concerned is carried on in partnership or by another unincorporated body. (2) The registration under this Part of an unincorporated body other than a partnership may be in the name of the body concerned; and in determining whether premiums are received by such a body no account shall be taken of any change in its members. (3) Regulations may make provision for determining by what person anything required by this Part to be done by an insurer is to be done in a case where insurance business is carried on by persons who are underwriting members of Lloyd’s and are members of a syndicate of such underwriting members. (4) Regulations may— (a) make provision for the registration for the purposes of this Part of a syndicate of underwriting members of Lloyd’s; (b) provide that for purposes prescribed by the regulations no account shall be taken of any change in the members of such a syndicate; and regulations under paragraph (a) above may modify section 53 above. (5) As regards any case where a person carries on a business of an insurer or taxable intermediary who has died or become bankrupt or incapacitated or been sequestrated, or of an insurer or taxable intermediary which is in liquidation or receivership or administration , regulations may— (a) require the person to inform the Commissioners of the fact that he is carrying on the business and of the event that has led to his carrying it on; (b) make provision allowing the person to be treated for a limited time as if he were the insurer or taxable intermediary; (c) make provision for securing continuity in the application of this Part where a person is so treated. (6) Regulations may make provision for securing continuity in the application of this Part in cases where a business carried on by a person is transferred to another person as a going concern. (7) Regulations under subsection (6) above may in particular provide— (a) for liabilities and duties under this Part of the transferor to become, to such extent as may be provided by the regulations, liabilities and duties of the transferee; (b) for any right of either of them to repayment or credit in respect of tax to be satisfied by making a repayment or allowing a credit to the other; but the regulations may provide that no such provision as is mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection shall have effect in relation to any transferor and transferee unless an application in that behalf has been made by them under the regulations.

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63 Groups of companies.

(1) Where under the following provisions of this section any bodies corporate are treated as members of a group, for the purposes of this Part— (a) any taxable business carried on by a member of the group shall be treated as carried on by the representative member, (aa) any business carried on by a member of the group who is a taxable intermediary shall be treated as carried on by the representative member, (b) the representative member shall be taken to be the insurer in relation to any taxable insurance contract as regards which a member of the group is the actual insurer, (bb) the representative member shall be taken to be the taxable intermediary in relation to any taxable intermediary’s fees as regards which a member of the group is the actual taxable intermediary, (c) any receipt by a member of the group of a premium under a taxable insurance contract shall be taken to be a receipt by the representative member, and (d) all members of the group shall be jointly and severally liable for any tax due from the representative member. (2) Two or more bodies corporate are eligible to be treated as members of a group if each of them falls within subsection (3) below and— (a) one of them controls each of the others, (b) one person (whether a body corporate or an individual) controls all of them, or (c) two or more individuals carrying on a business in partnership control all of them. (3) A body falls within this subsection if it is resident in the United Kingdom or it has an established place of business in the United Kingdom. (4) Where an application to that effect is made to the Commissioners with respect to two or more bodies corporate eligible to be treated as members of a group, then— (a) from the beginning of an accounting period they shall be so treated, and (b) one of them shall be the representative member, unless the Commissioners refuse the application; and the Commissioners shall not refuse the application unless it appears to them necessary to do so for the protection of the revenue. (5) Where any bodies corporate are treated as members of a group and an application to that effect is made to the Commissioners, then, from the beginning of an accounting period— (a) a further body eligible to be so treated shall be included among the bodies so treated, (b) a body corporate shall be excluded from the bodies so treated, (c) another member of the group shall be substituted as the representative member, or (d) the bodies corporate shall no longer be treated as members of a group, unless the application is to the effect mentioned in paragraph (a) or (c) above and the Commissioners refuse the application. (6) The Commissioners may refuse an application under subsection (5)(a) or (c) above only if it appears to them necessary to do so for the protection of the revenue. (7) Where a body corporate is treated as a member of a group as being controlled by any person and it appears to the Commissioners that it has ceased to be so controlled, they shall, by notice given to that person, terminate that treatment from such date as may be specified in the notice. (8) An application under this section with respect to any bodies corporate must be made by one of those bodies or by the person controlling them and must be made not less than 90 days before the date from which it is to take effect, or at such later time as the Commissioners may allow. (9) For the purposes of this section a body corporate shall be taken to control another body corporate if it is empowered by statute to control that body’s activities or if it is that body’s holding company within the meaning of section 1159 of and Schedule 6 to the Companies Act 2006 ; and an individual or individuals shall be taken to control a body corporate if he or they, were he or they a company, would be that body’s holding company within the meaning of those provisions .

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64 Information, powers, penalties, etc.

Schedule 7 to this Act (which contains provisions relating to information, powers, penalties and other matters) shall have effect.

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65 Liability of insured in certain cases.

(1) Regulations may make provision under this section with regard to any case where at any time ...the insurer— (a) does not have any business establishment or other fixed establishment in the United Kingdom, and (b) is established in a country or territory in respect of which it appears to the Commissioners that the condition in subsection (1A) below is met. (1A) The condition mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above is that there are no arrangements in relation to the country or territory relating to insurance premium tax which— (a) have effect by virtue of an Order in Council under section 173 of the Finance Act 2006, and (b) contain provision of a kind mentioned in subsection (2)(a) and (b) of that section. (2) Regulations may make provision allowing notice to be served in accordance with the regulations on— (a) the person who is insured under a taxable insurance contract, if there is one insured person, or (b) one or more of the persons who are insured under a taxable insurance contract, if there are two or more insured persons; and a notice so served is referred to in this section as a liability notice. (3) Regulations may provide that if a liability notice has been served in accordance with the regulations— (a) the Commissioners may assess to the best of their judgment the amount of any tax due in respect of premiums received by the insurer under the contract concerned after the material date and before the date of the assessment, and (b) that amount shall be deemed to be the amount of tax so due. (4) The material date is— (a) where there is one person on whom a liability notice has been served in respect of the contract, the date when the notice was served or such later date as may be specified in the notice; (b) where there are two or more persons on whom liability notices have been served in respect of the contract, the date when the last of the notices was served or such later date as may be specified in the notices. (5) Regulations may provide that where— (a) an assessment is made in respect of a contract under provision included in the regulations by virtue of subsection (3) above, and (b) the assessment is notified to the person, or each of the persons, on whom a liability notice in respect of the contract has been served, the persons mentioned in subsection (6) below shall be jointly and severally liable to pay the tax assessed, and that tax shall be recoverable accordingly. (6) The persons are— (a) the person or persons mentioned in subsection (5)(b) above, and (b) the insurer. (7) Where regulations make provision under subsection (5) above they must also provide that any provision made under that subsection shall not apply if, or to the extent that, the assessment has subsequently been withdrawn or reduced. (8) Regulations may make provision as to the time within which, and the manner in which, tax which has been assessed is to be paid. (9) Where any amount is recovered from an insured person by virtue of regulations made under this section, the insurer shall be liable to pay to the insured person an amount equal to the amount recovered; and regulations may make provision requiring an insurer to pay interest where this subsection applies. (10) Regulations may make provision for adjustments to be made of a person’s liability in any case where— (a) an assessment is made under section 56 above in relation to the insurer, and (b) an assessment made by virtue of regulations under this section relates to premiums received (or assumed for the purposes of the assessment to be received) within a period which corresponds to any extent with the accounting period to which the assessment under section 56 relates. (11) Regulations may make provision as regards a case where— (a) an assessment made in respect of a contract by virtue of regulations under this section relates to premiums received (or assumed for the purposes of the assessment to be received) within a given period, and (b) an amount of tax is paid by the insurer in respect of an accounting period which corresponds to any extent with that period; and the regulations may include provision for determining whether, or how much of, any of the tax paid as mentioned in paragraph (b) above is attributable to premiums received under the contract in the period mentioned in paragraph (a) above. (12) Regulations may— (a) make provision requiring the Commissioners, in prescribed circumstances, to furnish prescribed information to an insured person; (b) make provision requiring any person on whom a liability notice has been served to keep records, to furnish information, or to produce documents for inspection or cause documents to be produced for inspection; (c) make such provision as the Commissioners think is reasonable for the purpose of facilitating the recovery of tax from the persons having joint and several liability (rather than from the insurer alone); (d) modify the effect of any provision of this Part. (13) Regulations may provide for an insured person to be liable to pay tax assessed by virtue of the regulations notwithstanding that he has already paid an amount representing tax as part of a premium.

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66 Directions as to amounts of premiums.

(1) This section applies where— (a) anything is received by way of premium under a taxable insurance contract, and (b) the amount of the premium is less than it would be if it were received under the contract in open market conditions. (2) The Commissioners may direct that the amount of the premium shall be taken for the purposes of this Part to be such amount as it would be if it were received under the contract in open market conditions. (3) A direction under subsection (2) above shall be given by notice in writing to the insurer, and no direction may be given more than three years after the time of the receipt. (4) Where the Commissioners make a direction under subsection (2) above in the case of a contract they may also direct that if— (a) anything is received by way of premium under the contract after the giving of the notice or after such later date as may be specified in the notice, and (b) the amount of the premium is less than it would be if it were received under the contract in open market conditions, the amount of the premium shall be taken for the purposes of this Part to be such amount as it would be if it were received under the contract in open market conditions. (5) For the purposes of this section a premium is received in open market conditions if it is received— (a) by an insurer standing in no such relationship with the insured person as would affect the premium, and (b) in circumstances where there is no other contract or arrangement affecting the parties. (6) For the purposes of this section it is immaterial whether what is received by way of premium is money or something other than money or both.

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66A Rate increases: deemed date of receipt of certain premiums

(1) This section applies where a Minister of the Crown announces a proposed increase in the rate at which tax is to be charged on a premium if it is received by the insurer on or after a date specified in the announcement (“the change date”). (2) This section applies whether or not the announcement includes an announcement of a proposed exception from the increase (for example, for premiums in respect of risks for which the period of cover begins before the change date). (3) Subsection (4) applies where— (a) a premium under a contract of insurance is received by the insurer on or after the date of the announcement and before the change date, and (b) the period of cover for the risk begins on or after the change date. (4) For the purposes of this Part the premium is to be taken to be received on the change date. (5) Subsection (6) applies where— (a) a premium under a contract of insurance is received by the insurer on or after the date of the announcement and before the change date, (b) the period of cover for the risk— (i) begins before the change date, and (ii) ends on or after the first anniversary of the change date (“the first anniversary”), and (c) the premium, or any part of it, is attributable to such of the period of cover as falls on or after the first anniversary. (6) For the purposes of this Part— (a) so much of the premium as is attributable to such of the period of cover as falls on or after the first anniversary is to be taken to be received on the change date, and (b) so much as is so attributable is to be taken to be a separate premium. (7) In determining whether the condition in subsection (3)(a) or (5)(a) is met, regulations under section 68(3) or (7) apply as they would apart from this section. (8) But where subsection (4) or (6) applies— (a) that subsection has effect despite anything in section 68 or regulations under that section, and (b) any regulations under section 68 have effect as if the entry made in the accounts of the insurer showing the premium as due to the insurer had been made as at the change date. (9) A premium treated by subsection (6) as received on the change date is not to be taken to fall within any exception, from an increase announced by the announcement, for premiums in respect of risks for which the period of cover begins before the change date. (10) Any attribution under this section is to be made on such basis as is just and reasonable. (11) In this section— “increase”, in relation to the rate of tax, includes the imposition of a charge to tax by adding to the descriptions of contract which are taxable insurance contracts; “Minister of the Crown” has the same meaning as in the Ministers of the Crown Act 1975.

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66B Section 66A: exceptions and apportionments

(1) Section 66A(3) and (4) do not apply in relation to a premium if the risk to which that premium relates belongs to a class of risk as regards which the normal practice is for a premium to be received by or on behalf of the insurer before the date when cover begins. (2) Section 66A(5) and (6) do not apply in relation to a premium if the risk to which that premium relates belongs to a class of risk as regards which the normal practice is for cover to be provided for a period of more than twelve months. (3) If a contract relates to more than one risk, then in the application of section 66A(3) and (4) or 66A(5) and (6)— (a) the reference in section 66A(3)(b) or (5)(b) to the risk is to be read as a reference to any given risk, (b) so much of the premium as is attributable to any given risk is to be taken for the purposes of section 66A(3) and (4) or 66A(5) and (6) to be a separate premium relating to that risk, (c) those provisions then apply separately in the case of each given risk and the separate premium relating to it, and (d) any further attribution required by section 66A(5) and (6) is to be made accordingly, and subsections (1) and (2) and section 66A(9) apply accordingly. (4) Any attribution under this section is to be made on such basis as is just and reasonable.

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66C Rate changes: premiums relating to more than one period of cover

(1) This section applies if any Act— (a) makes an amendment of section 51(2)(a) or (b) which alters the higher rate or standard rate (“the relevant rate”), (b) provides for the amendment to have effect in relation to a premium falling to be regarded for the purposes of this Part as received under a taxable insurance contract by an insurer on or after a particular date (“the change date”), and (c) makes provision that excepts from that amendment a premium which is in respect of a risk for which the period of cover begins before the change date. (2) Subsection (3) applies if a premium which is liable to tax at the relevant rate, and which falls to be regarded for the purposes of this Part as received under a taxable insurance contract by an insurer on or after the change date, is— (a) partly in respect of a risk for which the period of cover begins before the change date, and (b) partly in respect of a risk for which the period of cover begins on or after that date. (3) So much of the premium as is attributable to the risk for which the period of cover begins on or after the change date is to be treated for the purposes of this Part and the provision mentioned in subsection (1)(c) as a separate premium. (4) Where a premium is in respect of a relevant rate matter and also a matter that is not a relevant rate matter— (a) for the purposes of the provision mentioned in subsection (1)(c), the premium is to be treated as in respect of a risk for which the period of cover begins before the change date if the part of it attributable to the relevant rate matter is in respect of such a risk, and (b) the reference in subsection (2) to a premium which is liable to tax at the relevant rate is to be read as a reference to so much of the premium as is attributable to the relevant rate matter (and subsection (3) is to be read accordingly). (5) If premiums of any description are excluded from the exception mentioned in subsection (1)(c), nothing in subsections (2) to (4) applies to a premium of that description. (6) Nothing in subsection (4) applies to an excepted premium (within the meaning given by section 69A). (7) Any attribution under this section is to be made on such basis as is just and reasonable. (8) In this section a “relevant rate matter” means— (a) where the relevant rate is the standard rate, a standard rate matter as defined by section 69(12)(c); (b) where the relevant rate is the higher rate, a higher rate matter as defined by section 69(12)(d). (9) In subsection (1) the reference to any Act includes a resolution which has statutory effect under the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act 1968.

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67 Deemed date of receipt of certain premiums.

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68 Special accounting schemes.

(1) Regulations may make provision establishing a scheme in accordance with the following provisions of this section; and in this section “a relevant accounting period”, in relation to an insurer, means an accounting period as regards which the scheme applies to the insurer. (2) Regulations may provide that if an insurer notifies the Commissioners that the scheme should apply to him as regards accounting periods beginning on or after a date specified in the notification and prescribed conditions are fulfilled, then, subject to any provision made under subsection (9) below, the scheme shall apply to the insurer as regards accounting periods beginning on or after that date. (3) Regulations may provide that where— (a) an entry is made in the accounts of an insurer showing a premium under a taxable insurance contract as due to him, and (b) the entry is made as at a particular date which falls within a relevant accounting period, then (whether or not that date is one on which the premium is actually received by the insurer or on which the premium would otherwise be treated for the purposes of this Part as received by him) the premium shall for the purposes of this Part be taken to be received by the insurer on that date or, in prescribed circumstances, to be received by him on a different date determined in accordance with the regulations. (4) Where regulations make provision under subsection (3) above they may also provide that, for the purposes of this Part, the amount of the premium shall be taken to be the amount which the entry in the accounts treats as its amount. (5) Regulations may provide that provision made under subsections (3) and (4) above shall apply even if the premium, or part of it, is never actually received by the insurer or on his behalf; and the regulations may include provision that, where the premium is never actually received because the contract under which it would have been received is never entered into or is terminated, the premium is nonetheless to be taken for the purposes of this Part to be received under a taxable insurance contract. (6) Regulations may provide that any provision made under subsection (4) above shall be subject to any directions made under section 66 above. (7) Regulations may provide that where a premium is treated as received on a particular date by virtue of provision made under subsection (3) above and there is another date on which the premium— (a) is actually received by the insurer, or (b) would, apart from the regulations, be treated for the purposes of this Part as received by him, the premium shall be taken for the purposes of this Part not to be received by him on that other date. (8) Regulations may provide that provision made under subsection (7) above shall apply only to the extent that there is no excess of the actual amount of the premium over the amount which, by virtue of regulations under this section or of a direction under section 66 above, is to be taken for the purposes of this Part to be its amount; and the regulations may include provision that where there is such an excess, the excess amount shall be taken for the purposes of this Part to be a separate premium and to be received by the insurer on a date determined in accordance with the regulations. (9) Regulations may provide that if a notification has been given in accordance with provision made under subsection (2) above and subsequently— (a) the insurer gives notice to the Commissioners that the scheme should not apply to him as regards accounting periods beginning on or after a date specified in the notice, or (b) the Commissioners give notice to the insurer that the scheme is not to apply to him as regards accounting periods beginning on or after a date specified in the notice, then, if prescribed conditions are fulfilled, the scheme shall not apply to the insurer as regards an accounting period beginning on or after the date specified in the notice mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) above unless the circumstances are such as may be prescribed. (10) Regulations may include provision— (a) enabling an insurer to whom the scheme applies as regards an accounting period to account for tax due in respect of that period on the assumption that the scheme will apply to him as regards subsequent accounting periods; (b) designed to secure that, where the scheme ceases to apply to an insurer, any tax which by virtue of provision made under paragraph (a) above has not been accounted for is accounted for and paid. (11) Regulations may provide that where— (a) an entry in the accounts of an insurer shows a premium as due to him, (b) the entry is made as at a date falling before 1st October 1994, (c) tax in respect of the receipt of the premium would, apart from the regulations, be charged by reference to a date (whether or not the date on which the premium is actually received by the insurer) falling on or after 1st October 1994, (d) the date by reference to which tax would be charged falls within a relevant accounting period, and (e) prescribed conditions are fulfilled, the premium, or such part of it as may be found in accordance with prescribed rules, shall be taken for the purposes of this Part to have been received by the insurer before 1st October 1994. (12) Without prejudice to subsection (13) below, regulations may include provision modifying any provision made under this section so as to secure the effective operation of the provision in a case where a premium consists wholly or partly of anything other than money. (13) Regulations may modify the effect of any provision of this Part. (14) The reference in subsection (3)(a) above to a premium under a taxable insurance contract includes a reference to anything that, although not actually received by or on behalf of the insurer, would be such a premium if it were so received.

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69 Charge to tax where different rates of tax apply.

(1) This section applies for the purpose of determining the chargeable amount in a case where a contract provides cover falling within any one of the following paragraphs, that is to say— (a) cover for one or more exempt matters, (b) cover for one or more standard rate matters, or (c) cover for one or more higher rate matters, and also provides cover falling within another of those paragraphs. (1A) But this section does not apply for the purpose of determining the chargeable amount in relation to an excepted premium (as to which see section 69A). (2) In the following provisions of this section “the non-exempt premium” means the difference between— (a) the amount of the premium; and (b) such part of the premium as is attributable to any exempt matter or matters or, if no part is so attributable, nil. (3) If the contract provides cover for one or more exempt matters and also provides cover for either— (a) one or more standard rate matters, or (b) one or more higher rate matters, the chargeable amount is such amount as, with the addition of the tax chargeable at the standard rate or (as the case may be) the higher rate, is equal to the non-exempt premium. (4) If the contract provides cover for both— (a) one or more standard rate matters, and (b) one or more higher rate matters, the higher rate element and the standard rate element shall be found in accordance with the following provisions of this section. (5) For the purposes of this section— (a) “the higher rate element” is such portion of the non-exempt premium as is attributable to the higher rate matters (including tax at the higher rate); and (b) “the standard rate element” is the difference between— (i) the non-exempt premium; and (ii) the higher rate element. (6) In a case falling within subsection (4) above, tax shall be charged separately— (a) at the standard rate, by reference to the standard rate chargeable amount, and (b) at the higher rate, by reference to the higher rate chargeable amount, and the tax chargeable in respect of the premium is the aggregate of those amounts of tax. (7) For the purposes of this section— “the higher rate chargeable amount” is such amount as, with the addition of the tax chargeable at the higher rate, is equal to the higher rate element; “the standard rate chargeable amount” is such amount as, with the addition of the tax chargeable at the standard rate, is equal to the standard rate element. (8) References in this Part to the chargeable amount shall, in a case falling within subsection (4) above, be taken as referring separately to the standard rate chargeable amount and the higher rate chargeable amount. (9) In applying subsection (2)(b) above, any amount that is included in the premium as being referable to tax (whether or not the amount corresponds to the actual amount of tax payable in respect of the premium) shall be taken to be wholly attributable to the non-exempt matter or matters. (10) In applying subsection (5)(a) above, any amount that is included in the premium as being referable to tax at the higher rate (whether or not the amount corresponds to the actual amount of tax payable at that rate in respect of the premium) shall be taken to be wholly attributable to the higher rate element. (11) Subject to subsections (9) and (10) above, any attribution under subsection (2)(b) or (5)(a) above shall be made on such basis as is just and reasonable. (12) For the purposes of this section— (a) an “exempt matter” is any matter such that, if it were the only matter for which the contract provided cover, the contract would not be a taxable insurance contract; (b) a “non-exempt matter” is a matter which is not an exempt matter; (c) a “standard rate matter” is any matter such that, if it were the only matter for which the contract provided cover, tax at the standard rate would be chargeable on the chargeable amount; (d) a “higher rate matter” is any matter such that, if it were the only matter for which the contract provided cover, tax at the higher rate would be chargeable on the chargeable amount. (13) If the contract relates to a lifeboat and lifeboat equipment, the lifeboat and the equipment shall be taken together in applying this section. (14) For the purposes of this section “lifeboat” and “lifeboat equipment” have the same meaning as in paragraph 6 of Schedule 7A to this Act.

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69A Part-exempt contracts: excepted premiums

(1) Where— (a) an insurer at any time (“the relevant time”) receives a premium under a part-exempt contract, and (b) the conditions in subsection (2) are met, the chargeable amount in relation to the premium is nil. (2) The conditions are that— (a) the relevant total is £500,000 or less, and (b) 10% or less of the relevant total is attributable to any non-exempt matter or matters. (3) For this purpose “the relevant total” is the total of— (a) the amount of the premium, (b) the amount of any other premium received by the insurer under the contract at or before the relevant time, and (c) the amount of any premium that, at the relevant time, the insurer has a present or future right to receive under the contract. (4) In applying subsection (2)(b), any amount that is included in a premium as being referable to tax (whether or not the amount corresponds to the actual amount of tax payable in respect of the premium) shall be taken to be wholly attributable to a non-exempt matter. (5) Subject to that, any attribution under subsection (2)(b) is to be made on such basis as is just and reasonable. (6) For the purposes of this section— (a) an “exempt matter” is any matter such that, if it were the only matter for which the contract provided cover, the contract would not be a taxable insurance contract, and (b) a “non-exempt matter” is a matter which is not an exempt matter. (7) In this Part— “excepted premium” means a premium under an insurance contract in relation to which, by virtue of subsection (1), the chargeable amount is nil; “part-exempt contract” means an insurance contract that provides– cover for one or more exempt matters, and cover for one or more non-exempt matters.

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69B Treatment of excepted premiums where limits breached after receipt

(1) This section applies if— (a) an insurer at any time— (i) receives a premium under a part-exempt contract that is not an excepted premium, or (ii) acquires a present or future right to receive a premium under a part-exempt contract that, on receipt, will not be an excepted premium, (b) one or more excepted premiums were previously received by the insurer under the contract, and (c) this section has not already applied in relation to the contract. (2) The insurer is deemed for the purposes of this Part to have received, at the time mentioned in subsection (1)(a), premiums under the contract of the same amounts, and attributable to the same matters, as the excepted premiums mentioned in subsection (1)(b).

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69C Part-exempt contracts: exemption from requirement to make returns

(1) If the condition in subsection (2) is met, a registrable person may apply in writing to the Commissioners for an exemption under this section. (2) The condition is that the person has not received, and does not expect to receive, at any time after the beginning of a specified accounting period, any premium under a taxable insurance contract that is not an excepted premium. (3) In subsection (2) “specified” means specified in the application. (4) The application must contain such information as the Commissioners may direct. (5) The Commissioners must grant the application unless it appears to them that the condition in subsection (2) is not met. (6) Where an exemption has effect the applicant— (a) is exempt from any requirement imposed under section 54 to make returns in relation to the accounting period specified in the application or subsequent accounting periods, and (b) must ensure that any records that the applicant is required to keep by virtue of paragraph 1(1) of Schedule 7 are, so far as they relate to premiums received, kept in a form enabling records relating to excepted premiums to be readily distinguished from records relating to other premiums.

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69D Withdrawal of exemption

(1) The Commissioners may by notice withdraw an exemption if it appears to them that— (a) the condition in section 69C(2) is no longer met, or (b) the person is not keeping, or has not kept, records as required by section 69C(6)(b). (2) Where an exemption is withdrawn under subsection (1), the exemption ceases to have effect in relation to the accounting period in which the notice is given and subsequent accounting periods. (3) If, during an accounting period in relation to which an exemption has effect, a person receives a premium under a taxable insurance contract that is not an excepted premium, the exemption ceases to have effect in relation to that and subsequent accounting periods. (4) References in this section to an exemption are to an exemption granted under section 69C.

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70 Interpretation: taxable insurance contracts.

(1) Subject to subsection (1A) below, any contract of insurance is a taxable insurance contract. (1A) A contract is not a taxable insurance contract if it falls within one or more of the paragraphs of Part I of Schedule 7A to this Act. (1B) Part II of Schedule 7A to this Act (interpretation of certain provisions of Part I) shall have effect. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11) This section has effect subject to section 71 below. (12) This section and section 71 below have effect for the purposes of this Part.

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71 Taxable insurance contracts: power to change definition.

(1) Provision may be made by order that— (a) a contract of insurance that would otherwise not be a taxable insurance contract shall be a taxable insurance contract if it falls within a particular description; (b) a contract of insurance that would otherwise be a taxable insurance contract shall not be a taxable insurance contract if it falls within a particular description. (2) A description referred to in subsection (1) above may be by reference to the nature of the insured or by reference to such other factors as the Treasury think fit. (3) Provision under this section may be made in such way as the Treasury think fit, and in particular may be made by amending this Part. (4) An order under this section may amend or modify the effect of section 69 above in such way as the Treasury think fit.

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72 Interpretation: premium.

(1) In relation to a taxable insurance contract, a premium is any payment received under the contract by the insurer, and in particular includes any payment wholly or partly referable to— (a) any risk, (b) costs of administration, (c) commission, (d) any facility for paying in instalments or making deferred payment (whether or not payment for the facility is called interest), or (e) tax. (1A) Where an amount is charged to the insured by any person in connection with a taxable insurance contract, any payment in respect of that amount is to be regarded as a payment received under that contract by the insurer unless— (a) the payment is chargeable to tax at the higher rate by virtue of section 52A above; or (b) the amount is charged under a separate contract and is identified in writing to the insured as a separate amount so charged. (1AA) A contract (“the relevant contract”) is not to be regarded as a separate contract for the purposes of subsection (1A) above if conditions A to D are met. (1AB) Condition A is that the insured is an individual (“I”) and enters into the taxable insurance contract in a personal capacity. (1AC) Condition B is that I— (a) is required to enter into the relevant contract by, or as a condition of entering into, the taxable insurance contract, or (b) would be unlikely to enter into the relevant contract without also entering into the taxable insurance contract. (1AD) Condition C is that— (a) the amount charged to I under the relevant contract in respect of any particular services is not open to negotiation by I, or (b) the other terms on which particular services are to be provided to I under the relevant contract are not open to such negotiation. (1AE) Condition D is that the amount charged to I under the taxable insurance contract is arrived at without a comprehensive assessment having been undertaken of the individual circumstances of I which might affect the level of risk. (1B) Where— (a) an amount is charged (to the insured or any other person) in respect of the acquisition of a right (whether of the insured or any other person) to require the insurer to provide, or offer to provide, any of the cover included in a taxable insurance contract, and (b) any payment in respect of that amount is not regarded as a payment received under that contract by the insurer by virtue of subsection (1A) above, the payment is to be regarded as a payment received under that contract by the insurer unless it is chargeable to tax at the higher rate by virtue of section 52A above. (2) A premium may consist wholly or partly of anything other than money, and references to payment in subsection (1) above shall be construed accordingly. (3) Where a premium is to any extent received in a form other than money, its amount shall be taken to be— (a) an amount equal to the value of whatever is received in a form other than money, or (b) if money is also received, the aggregate of the amount found under paragraph (a) above and the amount received in the form of money. (4) The value to be taken for the purposes of subsection (3) above is open market value at the time of the receipt by the insurer. (5) The open market value of anything at any time shall be taken to be an amount equal to such consideration in money as would be payable on a sale of it at that time to a person standing in no such relationship with any person as would affect that consideration. (6) Where (apart from this subsection) anything received under a contract by the insurer would be taken to be an instalment of a premium, it shall be taken to be a separate premium. (7) Where anything is received by any person on behalf of the insurer— (a) it shall be treated as received by the insurer when it is received by the other person, and (b) the later receipt of the whole or any part of it by the insurer shall be disregarded. (7A) Where any person is authorised by or on behalf of an employee to deduct from anything due to the employee under his contract of employment an amount in respect of a payment due under a taxable insurance contract, subsection (7) above shall not apply to the receipt on behalf of the insurer by the person so authorised of the amount deducted. (8) In a case where— (a) a payment under a taxable insurance contract is made to a person (the intermediary) by or on behalf of the insured, and (b) the whole or part of the payment is referable to commission to which the intermediary is entitled, in determining for the purposes of subsection (7) above whether, or how much of, the payment is received by the intermediary on behalf of the insurer any of the payment that is referable to that commission shall be regarded as received by the intermediary on behalf of the insurer notwithstanding the intermediary’s entitlement. (8A) Where, by virtue of subsection (7A) above, subsection (7) above does not apply to the receipt of an amount by a person and the whole or part of the amount is referable to commission to which he is entitled— (a) if the whole of the amount is so referable, the amount shall be treated as received by the insurer when it is deducted by that person; and (b) otherwise, the part of the amount that is so referable shall be treated as received by the insurer when the remainder of the payment concerned is or is treated as received by him. (9) References in subsection (8) above to a payment include references to a payment in a form other than money. (9A) Provision may be made by order amending subsections (1AA) to (1AE) above. (10) This section has effect for the purposes of this Part.

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73 Interpretation: other provisions.

(1) Unless the context otherwise requires— “accounting period” shall be construed in accordance with section 54 above; “appeal tribunal” means the First-tier Tribunal or, where determined by or under Tribunal Procedure Rules, the Upper Tribunal; ; “authorised person” means any person acting under the authority of the Commissioners; “the Commissioners” means the Commissioners of Customs and Excise; “conduct” includes any act, omission or statement; “excepted premium” has the meaning given by section 69A(7) above; “the higher rate” shall be construed in accordance with section 51 above; “HMRC” means Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs; “insurance business” means a business which consists of or includes the provision of insurance; “insurer” means a person or body of persons (whether incorporated or not) carrying on insurance business; “legislation relating to insurance premium tax” means this Part (as defined by subsection (9) below), any other enactment (whenever passed) relating to insurance premium tax, and any subordinate legislation made under any such enactment; “part-exempt contract” has the meaning given by section 69A(7) above; “prescribed” means prescribed by an order or regulations under this Part; “the standard rate” shall be construed in accordance with section 51 above; “tax” means insurance premium tax; ... “taxable business” means a business which consists of or includes the provision of insurance under taxable insurance contracts; “taxable insurance contract” shall be construed in accordance with section 70 above. “taxable intermediary” shall be construed in accordance with section 52A above; “taxable intermediary’s fees” has the meaning given by section 53AA(9) above. (2) A risk is situated in the United Kingdom if, by virtue of section 96A(3) of the Insurance Companies Act 1982, it is situated in the United Kingdom for the purposes of that Act. (3) Subject to subsection (3A) below, a registrable person is a person who— (a) is registered under section 53 above, or (b) is liable to be registered under that section. (3A) References in sections 53A and 54 above and paragraphs 1, 9 and 12 of Schedule 7 to this Act to a registrable person include a reference to a person who— (a) is registered under section 53AA above; or (b) is liable to be registered under that section. (4) A commercial ship is a ship which is— (a) of a gross tonnage of 15 tons or more, and (b) not designed or adapted for use for recreation or pleasure. (5) A commercial aircraft is an aircraft which is— (a) of a weight of 8,000 kilogrammes or more, and (b) not designed or adapted for use for recreation or pleasure. (6) A lifeboat is a vessel used or to be used solely for rescue or assistance at sea; and lifeboat equipment is anything used or to be used solely in connection with a lifeboat. (7) Foreign or international railway rolling stock is railway rolling stock used principally for journeys taking place wholly or partly outside the United Kingdom. (8) Goods in foreign or international transit are goods in transit where their carriage— (a) begins and ends outside the United Kingdom, (b) begins outside but ends in the United Kingdom, or (c) ends outside but begins in the United Kingdom. (9) A reference to this Part includes a reference to any order or regulations made under it and a reference to a provision of this Part includes a reference to any order or regulations made under the provision, unless otherwise required by the context or any order or regulations. (10) This section has effect for the purposes of this Part.

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74 Orders and regulations.

(1) The power to make an order under section 61 above shall be exercisable by the Commissioners, and the power to make an order under any other provision of this Part shall be exercisable by the Treasury. (2) Any power to make regulations under this Part shall be exercisable by the Commissioners. (3) Any power to make an order or regulations under this Part shall be exercisable by statutory instrument. (4) An order under section 51A , 71 or 72 above shall be laid before the House of Commons; and unless it is approved by that House before the expiration of a period of 28 days beginning with the date on which it was made it shall cease to have effect on the expiration of that period, but without prejudice to anything previously done under the order or to the making of a new order. (5) In reckoning any such period as is mentioned in subsection (4) above no account shall be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which the House of Commons is adjourned for more than four days. (6) A statutory instrument containing an order or regulations under this Part (other than an order under section 51A , 71 or 72 above) shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons. (6A) Regulations under this Part making provision as to the form and manner in which a notification is to be made, or as to the information to be contained in or provided with a notification, may make such provision by reference to a notice published by the Commissioners from time to time. (7) Any power to make an order or regulations under this Part— (a) may be exercised as regards prescribed cases or descriptions of case; (b) may be exercised differently in relation to different cases or descriptions of case. (8) An order or regulations under this Part may include such supplementary, incidental, consequential or transitional provisions as appear to the Treasury or the Commissioners (as the case may be) to be necessary or expedient. (9) No specific provision of this Part about an order or regulations shall prejudice the generality of subsections (6A) to (8) above.

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75 Charge and rates of income tax for 1994-95.

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76 Personal allowance.

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77 Rate of relief to married couples etc.

(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) The Taxes Act 1988 and the Taxes Management Act 1970 shall have effect with the amendments specified in Schedule 8 to this Act (which supplements the provisions of this section). (7) This section and Schedule 8 to this Act shall have effect for the year 1994-95 and, subject to the following provisions of this section, for subsequent years of assessment. (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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78 Amount by reference to which MCA is reduced.

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79 Relief for maintenance payments.

(1) Sections 347A and 347B of the Taxes Act 1988 . . . (which contain provision with respect to the deductions from income allowed on account of maintenance payments) shall have effect in relation to payments becoming due on or after 6th April 1994 with the following modifications. (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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80 Limit on relief for interest.

For each of the years 1994-95 and 1995-96 the qualifying maximum defined in section 367(5) of the Taxes Act 1988 (limit on relief for interest on certain loans) shall be £30,000.

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81 Mortgage interest relief etc.

(1) For subsection (1) of section 353 of the Taxes Act 1988 (general provision for relief for interest payments) there shall be substituted the following subsection— (1) Where a person pays interest in any year of assessment, that person, if he makes a claim to the relief, shall for that year of assessment be entitled (subject to sections 354 to 368) to relief in accordance with this section in respect of so much (if any) of the amount of that interest as is eligible for relief under this section by virtue of sections 354 to 365. (2) After that subsection there shall be inserted the following subsections— (1A) Where a person is entitled for any year of assessment to relief under this section in respect of any amount of interest which— (a) is eligible for that relief by virtue of section 354 or 365, and (b) so far as eligible by virtue of section 354, is so eligible in a case which falls, or is treated as falling, within section 355(1)(a), 356 or 358, that relief shall consist in an income tax reduction for that year calculated by reference to that amount. (1B) Where a person is entitled for any year of assessment to relief under this section in respect of any amount of interest which— (a) is eligible for that relief otherwise than by virtue of section 354 or 365, or (b) is eligible for that relief by virtue of section 354 in a case falling within section 355(1)(b), that relief shall consist (subject to sections 237(5)(b) and 355(4)) in a deduction or set-off of that amount from or against that person’s income for that year. (1C) Without prejudice to subsection (1E) below, where the whole or any part of an amount of interest is eligible for relief under this section by virtue of section 354 in a case which (apart from this subsection) would fall, or be treated as falling, within both section 355(1)(a) or 356 and section 355(1)(b), then that case shall be treated for the purposes of this section and the following provisions of this Act— (a) except in relation to payments to which an election made for the purposes of this subsection by the person entitled to the relief applies, as falling within section 355(1)(b) and not within section 355(1)(a) or 356; and (b) in relation to payments to which such an election does apply, as falling within section 355(1)(a) or, as the case may be, 356, and not within section 355(1)(b). (1D) An election for the purposes of subsection (1C)— (a) shall be made, and may be withdrawn, by the giving of written notice to an officer of the Board; (b) shall apply to every payment of interest which— (i) is made after the time specified in the notice of that election as the time as from which it takes effect; and (ii) is not made after a time specified in a notice of the withdrawal of that election as the time as from which that election is withdrawn; (c) shall not be made so as to take effect as from any time except the beginning of a year of assessment or a time as from which the conditions for the case to fall, or be treated as falling, within both section 355(1)(a) or 356 and section 355(1)(b) have begun to be satisfied in relation to payments of interest on the loan in question; (d) shall not be withdrawn except as from the beginning of a year of assessment; and (e) shall not be made so as to take effect, and shall not be withdrawn, as from any time before the beginning of the year of assessment immediately before that in which the notice of the election or, as the case may be, of the withdrawal is given to an officer of the Board. (1E) Where any person is entitled for any year of assessment to relief under this section in respect of any amount of interest as is eligible for that relief partly as mentioned in subsection (1A) above and partly as mentioned in subsection (1B) above, that amount of interest shall be apportioned between the cases to which each of those subsections applies without regard to what parts of the total amount borrowed remain outstanding but according to the following factors, that is to say— (a) the proportions of the total amount borrowed which were applied for different purposes; and (b) in the case of so much of any amount of interest which is, or in pursuance of an apportionment under paragraph (a) above is treated as, eligible for relief by virtue of section 354, the different uses to which the land or other property in question is put from time to time; and subsection (1A) or (1B) above shall apply accordingly in relation to the interest apportioned to the case to which that subsection applies. (1F) Where any person is entitled under this section for any year of assessment to an income tax reduction calculated by reference to an amount of interest, the amount of that person’s liability for that year to income tax on his total income shall be the amount to which he would have been liable apart from this section less whichever is the smaller of— (a) the amount equal to the applicable percentage of that amount of interest; and (b) the amount which reduces his liability to nil. (1G) In subsection (1F) above “the applicable percentage”— (a) in relation to so much of any interest as is eligible for relief under this section by virtue of section 354, means 20 per cent.; and (b) in relation to so much of any interest as is eligible for relief under this section by virtue of section 365, means the percentage which is the basic rate for the year of assessment in question; but, in relation to any payment of interest which (whenever falling due) is made in the year 1995-96 or any subsequent year of assessment, paragraph (a) above shall have effect with the substitution of “15 per cent.” for “20 per cent.” (1H) In determining for the purposes of subsection (1F) above the amount of income tax to which a person would be liable apart from any income tax reduction under this section, no account shall be taken of— (a) any income tax reduction under Chapter I of Part VII or section 347B; (b) any relief by way of a reduction of liability to tax which is given in accordance with any arrangements having effect by virtue of section 788 or by way of a credit under section 790(1); or (c) any tax at the basic rate on so much of that person’s income as is income the income tax on which he is entitled to charge against any other person or to deduct, retain or satisfy out of any payment. (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) For subsections (3) to (5B) of section 369 of that Act (provisions balancing deduction of relevant loan interest from income against charge to tax) there shall be substituted the following subsection— (3) The following payments, that is to say— (a) payments of relevant loan interest to which this section applies, and (b) payments which would be such payments but for section 373(5), shall not be allowable as deductions for any purpose of the Income Tax Acts except in so far as they fall to be treated as such payments by virtue only of section 375(2) and would be allowable apart from this subsection. (5) Schedule 9 to this Act (which for the purposes of or in connection with the provisions of this section makes further modifications of certain enactments in relation to tax relief on interest payments) shall have effect. (6) The preceding provisions of this section and that Schedule— (a) shall have effect in relation to payments of interest made on or after 6th April 1994 (whenever falling due); and (b) shall also have effect, so far as they relate to relevant loan interest, in relation to any payments of interest becoming due on or after 6th April 1994 which have been made at any time before that date but on or after 30th November 1993. (7) Any provision made before the passing of this Act by reference to the basic rate of income tax and contained in any instrument or agreement under or in accordance with which payments of relevant loan interest have been or are to be made shall be taken, in relation to any such payment as is mentioned in subsection (6)(a) or (b) above, to have been made, instead, by reference to a rate which, in the case of that payment, is the applicable percentage for the purposes of subsection (1) of section 369 of the Taxes Act 1988. (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9) In this section “relevant loan interest” has the same meaning as in Part IX of the Taxes Act 1988.

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82 Relief for blind persons.

(1) In section 265(1) of the Taxes Act 1988 (blind person’s allowance) for “£1,080” there shall be substituted “ £1,200 ”. (2) This section shall apply for the year 1994-95 and subsequent years of assessment.

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