34-2-103. Form of warranty deed; effect; implied covenants.
Every deed in substance in the above form, when otherwise duly executed, shall be deemed and held a conveyance in fee simple, to the grantee, his heirs and assigns, with covenants on the part of the grantor, (a) that at the time of the making and delivery of such deed he was lawfully seized of an indefeasible estate in fee simple in and to the premises therein described, and had good right and power to convey the same; (b) that the same were then free from all incumbrances; and (c) that he warrants to the grantee, his heirs and assigns, the quiet and peaceful possession of such premises, and will defend the title thereto against all persons who may lawfully claim the same. And such covenants shall be obligatory upon the grantor, his heirs and personal representatives, as fully, and with like effect as if written at length in such deed.
Quitclaim may be in substance in the following form: Quitclaim Deed. A. B., grantor (here insert grantor's name or names, and place of residence) for the consideration of (here insert consideration) conveys and quitclaims to (here insert grantee's name or names) all interest in the following described real estate, (here insert description) situate in the county of ...., in the state of Wyoming. Dated this .... day of .... A.D. .......... .................. A. B.
34-2-105. Form of quitclaim deed; effect generally.
Every deed in substance in the form prescribed in the foregoing section, when otherwise duly executed, shall be deemed and held a sufficient conveyance, release and quitclaim to the grantee, his heirs and assigns, in fee of all the then existing legal or equitable rights of the grantor in the premises therein described, but shall not extend to after acquired title unless words are added expressing such intention.
34-2-106. Form of quitclaim deed; effect without word "release".
A deed of quitclaim, without the use of the word "release" shall be sufficient to pass all the estate which the grantor could lawfully convey by deed of bargain and sale. And all deeds of quitclaim, heretofore given to real estate in this state, shall have the same effect as deeds of quitclaim and release and shall operate the same as if the word "release" had been used therein.
Mortgages of land may be in the following form: A. B., mortgagor, (here insert the name or names and place of residence) to secure the payment of (here insert the amount of indebtedness, when due, rate of interest, and whether secured by a note or otherwise), do hereby mortgage the following described real estate (here insert description thereof) situate in.... county, state of Wyoming. The mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes and assessments on said premises and to keep the buildings thereon insured in a sum not less than $ .... during the life of this mortgage, payable to the mortgagee; and in case he does not the mortgagee may insure said building or buildings and pay said taxes and all amounts so paid shall be added to and considered as part of the above indebtedness hereby secured. In case of default of payment of either interest or principal then the whole indebtedness herein secured shall become due and payable, and the mortgagee may proceed, pursuant to law, to foreclose on said property and in case of foreclosure the mortgagor hereby agrees to pay all costs of the same, including an attorney's fee of $ .... Dated this .... day of .... A.D .... A. B.
34-2-108. Form of real estate mortgage; effect; when covenants implied.
Every such mortgage when otherwise duly executed, shall be deemed and held a good and sufficient mortgage in fee to secure the payment of the moneys therein specified; and if the same contains the words "and warrants", the same shall be construed the same as if full covenants of seizin, good right to convey against encumbrances, of quiet enjoyment and general warranty, as expressed in section one of this act were fully written therein; but if the words "and warrants" are omitted no such covenant shall be implied.
34-2-109. Master form mortgage; recording authorized; entitlement on face; need not be acknowledged.
An instrument containing a form or forms of covenants, conditions, obligations, powers, and other clauses of a mortgage may be recorded in the office of the county clerk, upon the request of any person, on tender of the lawful fees therefor, shall record the same in his registry. Every such instrument shall be entitled on the face thereof as a "Master form recorded by .... (name of person causing the instrument to be recorded)". Such instrument need not be acknowledged to be entitled to record.
When any such instrument is recorded, the recorder shall index such instrument under the name of the person causing it to be recorded in the manner provided for miscellaneous instruments relating to real estate.
Thereafter any of the provisions of such master form instrument may be incorporated by reference in any mortgage of real estate situated within this state, if such reference in the mortgage states that the master form instrument was recorded in the county in which the mortgage is offered for record, the date when and the book and page or pages where such master form instrument was recorded, and that a copy of such master form instrument was furnished to the person executing the mortgage. The recording of any mortgage which has so incorporated by reference therein any of the provisions of a master form instrument recorded as provided in this section shall have like effect as if such provisions of the master form so incorporated by reference had been set forth fully in the mortgage.
34-2-112. Master form mortgage; matters not recorded.
Whenever a mortgage is presented for recording on which is set forth matter purporting to be a copy or reproduction of such master form instrument or of part thereof, identified by its title as provided in W.S. 34-2-109 and stating the date when it was recorded and the book and page where it was recorded, preceded by the words "do not record" or "not to be recorded", and on a separate page from the matter to be recorded as a part of the mortgage in such manner that it will not appear upon a photographic reproduction of any page containing any part of the mortgage, such matter shall not be recorded by the recorder to whom the instrument is presented for recording; in such case the recorder shall record only the mortgage apart from such matter and shall not be liable for so doing, any other provisions of law to the contrary notwithstanding.
34-2-113. Cancellation form for mortgage or deed of trust; recordation; effect.
(a) A cancellation or discharge of mortgage or deed of trust may be in the following form substantially: Certificate of Discharge This certifies that a (mortgage or deed of trust, as the case may be) from .... to .... dated .... A.D .... and recorded in book .... of .... on page ..... has been fully satisfied by the payment of the debt secured thereby, and is hereby cancelled and discharged. Signed in the presence of .... county clerk of .... County. Filed and recorded .... A.D. .... at .... M. County clerk
(b) Such cancellation or discharge shall be entered in a book kept for that purpose, and signed by the mortgagee or trustee, his attorney-in-fact, executor, administrator or assigns, in the presence of the county clerk or his deputy who shall subscribe the same as a witness, and such cancellation or discharge shall have the same effect as a deed or release duly acknowledged and recorded.
34-2-121. Conveyance and encumbrance of homesteads void unless spouse joins; exception.
Every owner or occupant of a homestead as established herein may voluntarily sell, mortgage, or otherwise dispose of or encumber the same; provided the instrument of writing conveying, mortgaging, disposing of or encumbering such homestead shall contain in substance the following words: "Hereby releasing and waiving all rights under and by virtue of the homestead exemption laws of this state", and shall be freely and voluntarily signed and acknowledged by the owner and the spouse of the owner of said homestead. The foregoing provisions shall not be applicable to nor shall compliance therewith be required for full legal effectiveness of any conveyance of property directly from husband to wife.
34-2-122. Notice of trust or representative capacity of grantee.
In all instruments conveying real estate, or interests therein, in which the grantee is described as trustee, agent, or as in any other representative capacity, the instruments of conveyance shall also define the trust or other agreement under which the grantee is acting. In all instruments conveying real estate, or interests therein, in which the grantee is described as a trust, the instrument of conveyance shall also define the trust or other instrument and shall be deemed to have vested title in the trustee or trustees of the trust. For purposes of this section, it shall be sufficient to define a trust by providing in the text of the instrument the name of the trustee or trustees and the name of the trust, the date of the trust or other agreement, or by referring by proper description of the affecting record book, page, document number or file, to the instrument, order, decree or other writing, which is of public record in the county in which the land so conveyed is located and in which the required information appears; otherwise the description of a grantee in any representative capacity in each instrument of conveyance shall be considered and held to be a description of the grantee, only, and shall not be notice of any trust, agency or other representative capacity of the grantee who shall be held as vested with the power to convey, transfer, encumber or release the affected title. Whenever the grantee shall execute and deliver a conveyance, transfer, encumbrance or release of the property in a representative capacity, it shall not thereafter be questioned by anyone claiming as a beneficiary under the trust or agency or by anyone claiming by, through or under any undisclosed beneficiary. Trust property in the name of the trustee, agent or representative and owned only in that capacity shall not be subject to execution for the grantee's individual obligations.
34-2-123. Notice of trust or representative capacity of grantee; prior conveyances.
Any instrument which complies with this act shall be effective regardless of when it was executed or recorded. All instruments of conveyance to, or transfer, encumbrance or release of, lands or any interest therein within the state of Wyoming, which name a grantee in a representative capacity, or name a trust as grantee, and which fail to provide the information required by W.S. 34-2-122, shall cease to be notice of any trust or representative capacity of the grantee and shall be considered and held to be a description of the grantee only, who shall be held to have individually, the full power to convey, transfer, encumber or release the affected title and no conveyance, transfer, encumbrance or release shall thereafter be questioned by anyone claiming with respect to the affected property, as a beneficiary or by anyone claiming by, through, or under an undisclosed beneficiary, provided that this section shall not apply if the grantee or any beneficiary or beneficiaries or other properly interested person shall file for record in the proper office of the county in which the land is situated, a statement, duly verified, describing the affected lands and interest therein, setting forth the interest of the person or entity making the statement, defining the representative relationship, and setting forth the information required by W.S. 34-2-122, or referring by proper description to an instrument of public record in the county in which the matters shall appear. The identity of any successor trustee may be established by a recorded statement, duly verified, of the successor trustee specifying his name and address and the date and circumstances of his succession, and confirming that he is currently lawfully serving in that capacity.
34-2-124. Priority of mortgages or specific liens on realty.
A mortgage or other specific lien on real property shall take precedence over the lien of taxes levied against any other property than the property subject to such lien.
There shall be no difference in evidence between sealed and unsealed writings and every writing not sealed shall have the same force and effect that it would have if sealed. A writing under seal may, therefore, be changed or altogether discharged by a writing not under seal. An agreement in writing without seal for the compromise or settlement of a debt is as obligatory as if the seal were affixed.
34-2-128. No implied tenancy except by sufferance.
In this state there shall not exist the relations of landlord and tenant, by implication or operation of law, except a tenancy by sufferance. Upon the expiration of a term created by lease, either verbal or written, there shall be no implied renewal of the same, for any period of time whatever, either by the tenant holding over or by the landlord accepting compensation or rent for or during any period of such holding over. Such holding over by the tenant and acceptance of rent by the landlord shall constitute only a tenancy by sufferance, with the rights, duties, obligations and incidents of such tenancy.
No lease which shall have expired by its own limitation shall be again renewed except by express contract in writing, signed by the parties thereto, whether the original lease be written or verbal. Nor shall any other tenancy than that by sufferance exist after the termination of the original lease, unless created as aforesaid, by express contract in writing.
34-2-130. Leases; expiration of oil, gas or other mineral
leases; failure to record cancellation or other termination. If any lessee, his personal representative, successor or assign, as the case may be, after an oil, gas or other mineral lease has expired, been cancelled, surrendered, relinquished or otherwise terminated shall for the space of twenty (20) days after being thereto requested, fail, refuse or neglect to record in the office of the county clerk of the county wherein the lands described in said lease are located a recordable certificate or deed of discharge or release thereof, he shall be liable to the lessor, his heirs or assigns for all damages occasioned by such failure, refusal, or neglect, to be recovered in a civil action. The lessor's request for discharge or release shall be in writing and delivered to the lessee by personal service or registered mail at his last known address. A letterpress or carbon or written copy of said demand, when shown to be such, may be used as evidence in any court with the same force and effect as the original.
(a) As used in this act:
(i) "Tax deed" means any conveyance executed by or on behalf of the state, or any county, municipality, or other taxing or assessment unit thereof, which conveys or purports to convey real estate pursuant to any sale, foreclosure, forfeiture or other proceeding to satisfy the lien or indebtedness of any tax or special assessment;
(ii) "Former owner" means any person whose interest or estate has been conveyed or purportedly conveyed, or extinguished or purportedly extinguished, by execution of any tax deed, and any other persons claiming by, through or under him;
(iii) "Grantee" means the grantee named in any tax deed, and any other persons claiming by, through or under him;
(iv) "Possession" refers to possession, and to the extent of possession, as determined by the rules applicable in determining the existence of adverse possession under a written instrument constituting color of title, and includes possession by tenant or agent.
(a) No action, suit or other proceeding shall be commenced by the former owner to set aside, declare invalid or redeem from a tax deed or the sale, forfeiture, foreclosure or other proceeding upon which it is based or to recover possession, quiet title or otherwise litigate or contest the title of the grantee, if:
(i) Two (2) years or more have elapsed after the date of recording the deed in the office of the county clerk for the county in which the real estate described in the deed is situated; and
(ii) The grantee has been in possession of the real estate continuously for a period of at least six (6) months, at any time after one (1) year and six (6) months have elapsed since the date of recording of the tax deed.
(b) The limitation in subsection (a) of this section applies regardless of whether the tax deed or any of the proceedings upon which it is based are void or voidable for any reason, jurisdictional or otherwise. If the deed is executed substantially in the form prescribed for the execution of tax deeds, the limitation shall apply regardless of whether the deed is deemed void upon its face. The period shall not be extended by reason of the minority, insanity, imprisonment, nonresidence, or death of any person, or by reason of any other fact, or circumstance.
34-2-133. Tax deeds; possession and affidavits of possession.
(a) Possession by the grantee for a continuous period of not less than six (6) months at any time after one (1) year and six (6) months have elapsed since the date of recording the tax deed extinguishes forever all the claims, right, title and interest, including the right to possession, of the former owner, and vests in the grantee any title conveyed or purportedly conveyed by the tax deed. Proof of possession by the grantee and the record of the tax deed constitutes conclusive evidence of the legality and effectiveness of the deed and any proceedings upon which the deed is based, and of the title of the grantee. As a means of proving possession and preserving evidence of possession under a tax deed, the then owner or holder of the title conveyed or purportedly conveyed by the tax deed may, at any time after two (2) years from the date of recording of the tax deed, file for record in the office of the county clerk in which the real estate is located an affidavit substantially in the following form: AFFIDAVIT OF POSSESSION AND CLAIM UNDER TAX DEED State of .... ) ) ss .... County ) I, ...., (name) residing at .... (address), being first duly sworn, depose and say that on .... (date) a tax deed was issued to .... (grantee) for the following described real estate: .... .... that said tax deed was filed for record in the office of the county clerk for .... county, ...., on .... (date), and appears in the records of that office in .... County as recorded in book .... page .... of the .... records; that I am now in possession of such real estate and claim title to the same by virtue of such tax deed; that I have been in possession of such real estate for a continuous period of not less than six (6) months immediately preceding the date of this affidavit; and that the facts concerning the possession of such real estate from the date of recording the tax deed to the date of this notice are, insofar as known to me, as follows: .... .... Subscribed and sworn to before me this .... day of ...., (year). ................. Notarial Officer in and for .......... County ......... (state)
(b) In any action, suit or proceeding in which the tax deed, any proceedings upon which it is based, or the title of the grantee is contested or drawn in question, a certified copy of the record of any affidavit of possession and claim under tax deed which has been of record for not less than sixty (60) days constitutes prima facie evidence of the facts recited therein and of the application of this act.
34-2-134. Tax deeds; liberal construction; legislative purposes.
This act shall be liberally construed to effectuate the legislative purpose of giving stability and effect to record titles, of confirming and clarifying the titles of persons in possession, of providing a means of correcting procedural and jurisdictional defects without necessity of resort to further proceedings, and of rendering tax titles marketable and protecting purchasers thereof against remote claims.
34-2-135. Tax deeds; provisions cumulative and retroactive; effective date.
Nothing in this act shall be construed to extend the period of any other applicable statute of limitations or to permit the commencement of any proceeding or the enforcement of any claim or interest which is barred by lapse of time or for any other reason. This act shall apply to tax deeds heretofore or hereafter recorded, but the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding shall not be precluded by this act until two (2) years after its effective date. No affidavit shall be recorded pursuant to this act until two (2) years after its effective date. This act shall not apply to tax deeds issued only covering severed oil, gas, hydrocarbons and other minerals and estates therein.
Conveyances of land may be substantially in the following form: Special Warranty Deed A. B., grantor, (here insert name or names and place of residence), for and in consideration of (here insert consideration) in hand paid, conveys and specially warrants against all who claim by, through, or under the grantor, but against none other, to C. D., grantee, (here insert grantee's name or names and place of residence) the following described real estate (here insert description) situate in the county of ...., state of Wyoming. Dated this .... day of .... A.D. ..... ............................. A.B.
(a) Every deed in substance in the form prescribed in W.S. 34-2-136, when otherwise duly executed, shall have the effect of:
(i) A conveyance in fee simple to the grantee, the grantee's heirs, and assigns, of the property named in the special warranty deed, together with all the appurtenances, rights and privileges belonging to the property; and
(ii) A covenant from the grantor that:
(A) The granted property is free from all encumbrances made by that grantor; and
(B) The grantor will forever warrant and defend the title of the property in the grantee, the grantee's heirs and assigns against any lawful claim and demand of the grantor and any person claiming or to claim by, through, or under the grantor, but against none other.
(b) Any exceptions to a covenant described in paragraph (a)(ii) of this section, may be inserted in the deed following the description of the land.
A deed of trust to secure debts or indemnify sureties may be in the following form, or to the same effect: This deed, made the .... day ...., in the year of ...., between .... (the grantor) of the one part, and .... (the trustee) of the other part; witnesseth: That the said .... (the grantor) doth (or do) grant unto the said .... (the trustee) the following property (here describe it), in trust to secure (here describe the debts to be secured or the sureties to be indemnified, and insert covenants or any other provisions the parties may agree upon); witness the following signatures and seals (or signature and seal).
(a) The trustee in any such deed, except so far as may be therein otherwise provided, shall, whenever required by any creditor secured or any surety indemnified by the deed, or the personal representative of any such creditor or surety, after the debt due to such creditor, or for which such surety may be liable, shall have become payable, and default shall have been made in the payment thereof, or any part thereof, by the grantor, sell the property conveyed by the deed, or so much thereof as may be necessary, at public auction, for cash, having first given notice of such sale as hereinafter prescribed, and shall apply the proceeds of sale, first to the payment of expenses attending the execution of the trust, including a commission to the trustee of five percent (5%) on first three hundred dollars ($300.00) and two percent (2%) on the residue of the proceeds, and then, pro rata (or in the order of priority, if any, prescribed by the deed) to the payment of the debts secured and the indemnity of the sureties indemnified by the deed, and shall pay the surplus, if any, to the grantor, his heirs, personal representatives, or assigns. Every such notice of such sale shall show the following particulars:
(i) The time and place of sale;
(ii) The names of the parties to the deed under which it will be made;
(iii) The date of the deed;
(iv) The office and book in which it is recorded;
(v) The quantity and description of the land or other property, or both, conveyed thereby;
(vi) The names of the persons secured or indemnified thereby;
(vii) The amount secured and the time when payable;
(viii) The amount of credits, if any, to which the same is subject;
(ix) The amount of the principal and interest claimed to be due and unpaid, and for which the sale will be made.
34-3-104. Trustee's sale; form of deed for auctioned realty.
Every deed for real estate sold under a deed of trust may be made in the following form, or to the same effect: This deed, made the .... day of .... between A. B., trustee, of the first part, and C. D., of the second part, whereas the said trustee, by virtue of the authority vested in him by the deed of trust hereinafter mentioned (or by an order of the district court of the county of ....) made on the .... day of .... (as the case may be), did sell as required by law, a certain tract (or lot, as the case may be), of land, situated in the county (or city, town or village, as the case may be), of .... conveyed by E. F. to the said A. B., trustee (or to G. H., trustee, as the case may be), by deed bearing date the .... day of ...., and recorded (if it be recorded), in the office of the recorder of the county of ...., and bounded and described therein as follows: (Here insert the description and quantity as set forth in the deed of trust and any other description deemed necessary); at which sale the said C. D. became the purchaser for the sum of .... dollars. Now, therefore, this deed witnesseth that the said trustee hereby conveys and grants to the said C. D. the said real estate hereinbefore described, with all the right, title and interest held by the said E. F. therein, to have and to hold the said real estate and premises unto the said C. D., his heirs and assigns forever. Witness the following signature and seal. .................(Seal.)
The provisions of this act shall apply to all mortgages containing a power of sale executed prior to the passage thereof, not having been foreclosed, and nothing in this act contained shall be construed as limiting the power of parties to a mortgage to provide therein as they may see fit as to the manner of foreclosure and sale, and when such provision is made, foreclosure and sale may be made in accordance therewith, or in accordance with the provisions of this act.