Public budgets

Estonia: public budget

What Estonia's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2008

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2008's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue: $9.02B · 36.9% of GDP
Spending: $9.67B · 39.5% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−): -$646.27M · -2.6% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Estonia, 2008: spending by function, as a share of all spending

Estonia, 2008: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Row	Value (%)	Note
Social protection	28.5	$2.75B
Education	16.4	$1.59B
Health	13.3	$1.28B
Economic affairs	12.7	$1.23B
General public services	8	$774.23M
Public order and safety	6.7	$650.09M
Recreation, culture and religion	6	$576.26M
Defence	4.3	$414.47M
Environmental protection	2.7	$262.83M
Housing and community amenities	1.5	$141.34M

Social protection$2.75B

Social protection, in detail, as a share of it

Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Old age	57	$1.57B
Sickness and disability	18	$497.13M
Family and children	17.1	$471.83M
Unemployment	3.3	$90.16M
Social protection n.e.c.	2.3	$63.1M
Survivors	1	$28.68M
Social exclusion n.e.c.	0.9	$24.42M
R&D Social protection	0.3	$7.21M
Housing	0.1	$2.35M

Education$1.59B

Education, in detail, as a share of it

Education, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Pre-primary and primary education	37.1	$587.88M
Secondary education	27.9	$441.98M
Tertiary education	23.6	$373.58M
Education not definable by level	4.4	$69.42M
Post-secondary non-tertiary education	3.1	$48.54M
Subsidiary services to education	1.7	$26.62M
Education n.e.c.	1.5	$23.97M
R&D Education	0.8	$13.24M

Health$1.28B

Health, in detail, as a share of it

Health, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Hospital services	74.6	$957.05M
Medical products, appliances and equipment	11.7	$150.61M
Outpatient services	8.3	$106.19M
R&D Health	3.4	$43.83M
Health n.e.c.	1.6	$20.3M
Public health services	0.4	$5.15M

Economic affairs$1.23B

Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it

Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Transport	56	$685.83M
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15.1	$185.17M
Fuel and energy	8.7	$106.49M
General economic, commercial and labour affairs	8.2	$99.87M
R&D Economic affairs	5.8	$70.45M
Other industries	3.1	$37.65M
Economic affairs n.e.c.	1.7	$20.3M
Communication	1.1	$13.24M
Mining, manufacturing and construction	0.5	$6.18M

General public services$774.23M

General public services, in detail, as a share of it

General public services, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs	72.6	$562.29M
Basic research	12.2	$94.57M
Public debt transactions	6.1	$47.07M
General services	5.3	$41.33M
Foreign economic aid	2.3	$17.94M
R&D General public services	1.2	$9.41M
General public services n.e.c.	0.2	$1.62M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government	0	$0

Public order and safety$650.09M

Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it

Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Police services	44.2	$287.1M
Prisons	22	$142.96M
Fire-protection services	14	$91.19M
Law courts	12.6	$82.07M
Public order and safety n.e.c.	6.9	$44.86M
R&D Public order and safety	0.3	$1.76M

Recreation, culture and religion$576.26M

Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it

Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Cultural services	56.2	$323.58M
Recreational and sporting services	19.6	$112.81M
Broadcasting and publishing services	10.7	$61.92M
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.	7.6	$43.54M
R&D Recreation, culture and religion	3.8	$21.62M
Religious and other community services	2.2	$12.5M

Defence$414.47M

Defence, in detail, as a share of it

Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Military defence	94	$389.76M
Defence n.e.c.	5.4	$22.5M
R&D Defence	0.5	$2.21M
Civil defence	0	$0
Foreign military aid	0	$0

Environmental protection$262.83M

Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it

Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Waste water management	27	$71.04M
Protection of biodiversity and landscape	24.3	$63.98M
Waste management	21.7	$56.92M
Environmental protection n.e.c.	12.3	$32.36M
Pollution abatement	7.6	$19.86M
R&D Environmental protection	7.1	$18.68M

Housing and community amenities$141.34M

Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it

Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Note
Housing development	35.9	$50.74M
Water supply	31.3	$44.27M
Street lighting	22	$31.03M
Community development	15.1	$21.33M
R&D Housing and community amenities	0.8	$1.18M
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.	-5.1	-$7.21M

Where the money comes from

Estonia, 2008: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue

Estonia, 2008: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Row	Value (%)	Note
Taxes on sales, production and imports	32.7	$2.95B
Social contributions	31.3	$2.82B
Taxes on income and wealth	20.8	$1.88B
Sales, fees and charges	7.4	$665.68M
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)	3.9	$352.26M
Other transfers received	2.5	$223.71M
Capital transfers and taxes received	1.4	$130.17M
Subsidies received	0	$0

Taxes on sales, production and imports$2.95B

Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it

Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Share	Note
Value added tax	64.2		$1.89B
Not broken down, or fitting no category	35.8		$1.06B

Taxes on income and wealth$1.88B

Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it

Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Row	Value (%)	Share	Note
Taxes on income	100		$1.88B
Other taxes on wealth and income	0		$0

Over the years

Estonia: revenue and spending, 1995–2025

Estonia: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Period	Revenue (% of GDP)	Spending (% of GDP)
1,995	40.7	39.7
1,996	38.6	38.9
1,997	38.8	36.7
1,998	38.3	39.1
1,999	36.8	40.1
2,000	36.3	36.4
2,001	35.6	35.3
2,002	36.3	35.9
2,003	36.8	35
2,004	36.5	34.1
2,005	34.9	33.7
2,006	36.3	33.5
2,007	36.5	33.8
2,008	36.9	39.5
2,009	43.4	46.1
2,010	40.3	40.7
2,011	38.2	37.6
2,012	39	39.4
2,013	38.1	38.3
2,014	38.5	37.6
2,015	39.5	39.3
2,016	38.8	38.9
2,017	38.4	38.9
2,018	38.2	38.8
2,019	39	39.1
2,020	39.3	44.7
2,021	39.6	42.1
2,022	39	40
2,023	40.3	43.1
2,024	42.7	44
2,025	43.6

Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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