Public budgets

Estonia: public budget

What Estonia's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2023

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2023's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$16.71B · 40.3% of GDP
Spending
$17.87B · 43.1% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$1.13B · -2.7% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Estonia, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Estonia, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection31.3$5.58B
Education14.6$2.6B
Health14.4$2.58B
Economic affairs11.4$2.04B
General public services9.6$1.71B
Defence7.1$1.27B
Recreation, culture and religion4.7$836.71M
Public order and safety4.3$775.83M
Environmental protection1.6$294.65M
Housing and community amenities1$177.66M
Social protection$5.58B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age55.9$3.12B
Family and children19.7$1.1B
Sickness and disability13.3$744.48M
Unemployment6.4$359.96M
Social exclusion n.e.c.2.2$120.46M
Social protection n.e.c.1.7$95.48M
Survivors0.5$25.41M
R&D Social protection0.2$8.87M
Housing0.1$4.43M
Education$2.6B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Pre-primary and primary education40$1.04B
Secondary education29.7$773.89M
Tertiary education16.1$419.22M
Education not definable by level4.5$117.97M
Subsidiary services to education4.4$115.7M
Education n.e.c.2.7$70.61M
R&D Education1.2$32.22M
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.2$31.9M
Health$2.58B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services73.2$1.89B
Outpatient services11.2$288.92M
Medical products, appliances and equipment11.1$286.44M
R&D Health2.1$53.42M
Health n.e.c.1.4$35.25M
Public health services1.1$27.68M
Economic affairs$2.04B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport54.7$1.12B
Fuel and energy15.1$308.39M
General economic, commercial and labour affairs10.8$220.04M
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting6.3$128.24M
R&D Economic affairs6.1$125M
Economic affairs n.e.c.3.1$63.69M
Other industries1.7$34.71M
Communication1.6$33.2M
Mining, manufacturing and construction0.5$9.52M
General public services$1.71B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs46.3$790.75M
General services24.5$417.81M
Basic research12.7$216.58M
Public debt transactions9.5$162.52M
Foreign economic aid5.4$92.88M
General public services n.e.c.0.9$15.79M
R&D General public services0.6$10.92M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Defence$1.27B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence96.9$1.23B
R&D Defence1.5$18.71M
Defence n.e.c.1.4$17.73M
Foreign military aid0.2$3.03M
Civil defence0$324.39K
Recreation, culture and religion$836.71M
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services47.1$394.46M
Recreational and sporting services29.5$246.97M
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.8.4$69.96M
Broadcasting and publishing services8.3$69.31M
R&D Recreation, culture and religion5.1$42.93M
Religious and other community services1.6$12.98M
Public order and safety$775.83M
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services55.1$427.87M
Fire-protection services16.6$129.11M
Law courts15.6$121M
Prisons7.7$59.9M
Public order and safety n.e.c.4.6$35.9M
R&D Public order and safety0.3$2.05M
Environmental protection$294.65M
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management45$132.46M
Environmental protection n.e.c.19.9$58.5M
Protection of biodiversity and landscape12.3$36.33M
R&D Environmental protection8.4$24.65M
Waste water management8$23.68M
Pollution abatement6.5$19.14M
Housing and community amenities$177.66M
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Housing development36.9$65.63M
Street lighting21.1$37.52M
Community development17.8$31.68M
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.12.6$22.38M
Water supply10.4$18.49M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.2$2.05M

Where the money comes from

Estonia, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Estonia, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on sales, production and imports33.4$5.59B
Social contributions30.4$5.07B
Taxes on income and wealth20.3$3.39B
Sales, fees and charges7.8$1.31B
Capital transfers and taxes received3.2$533.41M
Other transfers received2.7$458.69M
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)2.1$358.56M
Subsidies received0$0
Taxes on sales, production and imports$5.59B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax67.7$3.78B
Not broken down, or fitting no category32.3$1.81B
Taxes on income and wealth$3.39B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income100$3.39B
Other taxes on wealth and income0$0

Over the years

40.7 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99538.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99638.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99738.3 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99836.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99936.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00035.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00136.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00236.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00336.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00434.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00536.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00636.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00736.9 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00843.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00940.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01038.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01139 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01238.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01338.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01439.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01538.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01638.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01738.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01839 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01939.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02039.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02139 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02240.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02342.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02443.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02539.7 % of GDPSpending · 1,99538.9 % of GDPSpending · 1,99636.7 % of GDPSpending · 1,99739.1 % of GDPSpending · 1,99840.1 % of GDPSpending · 1,99936.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00035.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00135.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00235 % of GDPSpending · 2,00334.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00433.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00533.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00633.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,00739.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00846.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00940.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01037.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,01139.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,01238.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01337.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,01439.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01538.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,01638.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,01738.8 % of GDPSpending · 2,01839.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01944.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02042.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02140 % of GDPSpending · 2,02243.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02344 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Estonia: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Estonia: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99540.739.7
1,99638.638.9
1,99738.836.7
1,99838.339.1
1,99936.840.1
2,00036.336.4
2,00135.635.3
2,00236.335.9
2,00336.835
2,00436.534.1
2,00534.933.7
2,00636.333.5
2,00736.533.8
2,00836.939.5
2,00943.446.1
2,01040.340.7
2,01138.237.6
2,0123939.4
2,01338.138.3
2,01438.537.6
2,01539.539.3
2,01638.838.9
2,01738.438.9
2,01838.238.8
2,0193939.1
2,02039.344.7
2,02139.642.1
2,0223940
2,02340.343.1
2,02442.744
2,02543.6
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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