Law

The Criminal Procedure Rules 2025

United Kingdom · regulation

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In force since 2026-10-05, as the publisher states.

Copy read on 2026-11-10. The page it was read from

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives.

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Contents: 660 provisions
  1. Title and introductory text
  2. 1.1 The overriding objective
  3. 1.2 The duty of the participants in a criminal case
  4. 1.3 The application by the court of the overriding objective
  5. 2.1 When the Rules apply
  6. 2.2 Definitions
  7. 2.3 References to legislation, including these Rules
  8. 2.4 Exercise of court’s functions by authorised court officers: general rules
  9. 2.5 Exercise of functions of the Court of Appeal
  10. 2.6 Exercise of functions of the High Court
  11. 2.7 Exercise of functions of the Crown Court
  12. 2.8 Exercise of functions of a magistrates’ court
  13. 2.9 Exercise of functions of a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts) in extradition cases
  14. 2.10 Court’s power to extend time under rule 2.6 or rule 2.7
  15. 2.11 Taking of statutory declarations by court officers
  16. 2.12 Duties of justices’ legal adviser
  17. 3.1 When this Part applies
  18. 3.2 The duty of the court
  19. 3.3 The duty of the parties
  20. 3.4 Case progression officers and their duties
  21. 3.5 The court’s case management powers
  22. 3.6 Application to vary a direction
  23. 3.7 Agreement to vary a time limit fixed by a direction
  24. 3.8 Case preparation and progression
  25. 3.9 Ground rules hearing
  26. 3.10 Directions for commissioning medical reports, other than for sentencing purposes
  27. 3.11 Hearing to inform the court of sensitive material
  28. 3.12 Readiness for trial or appeal
  29. 3.13 Conduct of a trial or an appeal
  30. 3.14 Duty of court officer
  31. 3.15 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  32. 3.16 Pre-trial hearings in a magistrates’ court: general rules
  33. 3.17 Place of magistrates’ court trial
  34. 3.18 Use of Welsh language at magistrates’ court trial
  35. 3.19 Service of prosecution evidence
  36. 3.20 Application to dismiss offence sent for Crown Court trial
  37. 3.21 Pre-trial hearings in the Crown Court: general rules
  38. 3.22 Preparatory hearing
  39. 3.23 Application for preparatory hearing
  40. 3.24 Application for non-jury trial containing information withheld from a defendant
  41. 3.25 Representations in response to application for preparatory hearing
  42. 3.26 Commencement of preparatory hearing
  43. 3.27 Defence trial advocate
  44. 3.28 Application to stay case for abuse of process
  45. 3.29 Application for joint or separate trials, etc.
  46. 3.30 Order for joint or separate trials, or amendment of the indictment
  47. 3.31 Application for indication of sentence
  48. 3.32 Arraigning the defendant
  49. 3.33 Place of Crown Court trial
  50. 3.34 Use of Welsh language at Crown Court trial
  51. 3.35 Live link direction: exercise of court’s powers
  52. 3.36 Content of application for a live link direction
  53. 3.37 Application to vary or rescind a live link direction
  54. 3.38 Application containing information withheld from another party
  55. 3.39 Representations in response
  56. 4.1 When this Part applies
  57. 4.2 Methods of service
  58. 4.3 Service by handing over a document
  59. 4.4 Service by leaving or posting a document
  60. 4.5 Service by document exchange
  61. 4.6 Service by electronic means
  62. 4.7 Documents that must be served by specified methods
  63. 4.8 Service by person in custody
  64. 4.9 Service by another method
  65. 4.10 Documents that may not be served on a legal representative
  66. 4.11 Date of service
  67. 4.12 Proof of service
  68. 4.13 Court’s power to give directions about service
  69. 5.1 Applications, etc. by forms or electronic means
  70. 5.2 Forms in Welsh
  71. 5.3 Signature of forms
  72. 5.4 Duty to make records
  73. 5.5 Recording and transcription of proceedings in the Crown Court
  74. 5.6 Custody of case materials
  75. 5.7 The open justice principle
  76. 5.8 Request for information about a case
  77. 5.9 Request for information by a party or person directly affected by a case
  78. 5.10 Request or application determined by the court
  79. 5.11 Publication of information about court hearings, etc.
  80. 5.12 Request for certificate, extract or information under other legislation
  81. 6.1 When this Part applies
  82. 6.2 Exercise of court’s powers to which this Part applies
  83. 6.3 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  84. 6.4 Reporting and access restrictions
  85. 6.5 Varying or removing restrictions
  86. 6.6 Trial in private
  87. 6.7 Representations in response
  88. 6.8 Order about restriction or trial in private
  89. 6.9 Sound recording and electronic communication
  90. 6.10 Forfeiture of unauthorised sound recording
  91. 7.1 When this Part applies
  92. 7.2 Application for summons, etc.
  93. 7.3 Allegation of offence
  94. 7.4 Summons, warrant and requisition
  95. 7.5 Notice of defendant in custody
  96. 7.6 Arrangements for court to receive defendant in custody
  97. 8.1 When this Part applies
  98. 8.2 Providing initial details of the prosecution case
  99. 8.3 Content of initial details
  100. 8.4 Use of initial details
  101. 9.1 When this Part applies
  102. 9.2 Exercise of magistrates’ court’s powers
  103. 9.3 Matters to be specified on sending for trial
  104. 9.4 Duty of justices’ legal adviser
  105. 9.5 Duty of magistrates’ court officer
  106. 9.6 Prosecutor’s notice requiring Crown Court trial
  107. 9.7 Sending for Crown Court trial
  108. 9.8 Adult defendant: request for plea
  109. 9.9 Adult defendant: guilty plea
  110. 9.10 Adult defendant: not guilty plea
  111. 9.11 Adult defendant: allocation for magistrates’ court trial
  112. 9.12 Adult defendant: prosecutor’s application for Crown Court trial
  113. 9.13 Young defendant
  114. 9.14 Allocation and sending for Crown Court trial
  115. 9.15 Committal for sentence for offence related to an offence sent for trial
  116. 9.16 Sending back or referring case for magistrates’ court trial
  117. 10.1 When this Part applies
  118. 10.2 The indictment: general rules
  119. 10.3 Draft indictment generated electronically on sending for trial
  120. 10.4 Draft indictment served by the prosecutor after sending for trial
  121. 10.5 Draft indictment served by the prosecutor with a High Court judge’s permission
  122. 10.6 Draft indictment approved with deferred prosecution agreement
  123. 10.7 Draft indictment served by the prosecutor on re-instituting proceedings
  124. 10.8 Draft indictment served by the prosecutor at the direction of the Court of Appeal
  125. 10.9 Application to a High Court judge for permission to serve a draft indictment
  126. 11.1 When this Part applies
  127. 11.2 Exercise of court’s powers
  128. 11.3 Application to approve a proposal to enter an agreement
  129. 11.4 Application to approve the terms of an agreement
  130. 11.5 Application on breach of agreement
  131. 11.6 Application to approve a variation of the terms of an agreement
  132. 11.7 Application to lift suspension of prosecution
  133. 11.8 Notice to discontinue prosecution
  134. 11.9 Application to postpone the publication of information by the prosecutor
  135. 11.10 Duty of court officer, etc.
  136. 11.11 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  137. 12.1 When this Part applies
  138. 12.2 Discontinuing a case
  139. 12.3 Defendant’s notice to continue
  140. 13.1 When this Part applies
  141. 13.2 Terms of a warrant for arrest
  142. 13.3 Terms of a warrant for detention or imprisonment
  143. 13.4 Information to be included in a warrant
  144. 13.5 Execution of a warrant
  145. 13.6 Warrants that cease to have effect on payment
  146. 13.7 Warrant issued when the court office is closed
  147. 14.1 When this Part applies
  148. 14.2 Exercise of court’s powers: general
  149. 14.3 Duty of justices’ legal adviser
  150. 14.4 General duties of court officer
  151. 14.5 Prosecutor’s representations about bail
  152. 14.6 Reconsideration of police bail by magistrates’ court
  153. 14.7 Notice of application to consider bail
  154. 14.8 Defendant’s application or appeal to the Crown Court after magistrates’ court bail decision
  155. 14.9 Prosecutor’s appeal against grant of bail
  156. 14.10 Consideration of bail in a murder case
  157. 14.11 Condition of residence
  158. 14.12 Electronic monitoring requirements
  159. 14.13 Accommodation or support requirements
  160. 14.14 Requirement for a surety or payment, etc.
  161. 14.15 Forfeiture of a recognizance given by a surety
  162. 14.16 Notice of arrest for breach of bail
  163. 14.17 Arrangements for court to receive defendant arrested for breach of bail
  164. 14.18 Exercise of court’s powers: extension of pre-charge bail
  165. 14.19 Application to authorise extension of pre-charge bail
  166. 14.20 Application to withhold information from the defendant
  167. 14.21 Application to extend a custody time limit
  168. 14.22 Appeal against custody time limit decision
  169. 15.1 When this Part applies
  170. 15.2 Prosecution disclosure and disclosure management
  171. 15.3 Prosecutor’s application for public interest ruling
  172. 15.4 Defence disclosure
  173. 15.5 Defendant’s application for prosecution disclosure
  174. 15.6 Review of public interest ruling
  175. 15.7 Defendant’s application to use disclosed material
  176. 15.8 Unauthorised use of disclosed material
  177. 15.9 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  178. 16.1 When this Part applies
  179. 16.2 Content of written witness statement
  180. 16.3 Reference to exhibit
  181. 16.4 Written witness statement in evidence
  182. 17.1 When this Part applies
  183. 17.2 Issue etc. of summons, warrant or order
  184. 17.3 Application for summons, warrant or order: general rules
  185. 17.4 Written application: form and service
  186. 17.5 Application for summons to produce a document, etc.: special rules
  187. 17.6 Application for summons to produce a document, etc.: court’s assessment of relevance and confidentiality
  188. 17.7 Application to withdraw a summons, warrant or order
  189. 17.8 Taking a deposition in a magistrates’ court
  190. 17.9 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  191. 18.1 When this Part applies
  192. 18.2 Meaning of ‘witness’ and ‘live link’
  193. 18.3 Meaning of ‘intermediary’ and ‘intermediary’s report’
  194. 18.4 Making an application for a direction or order
  195. 18.5 Decisions and reasons
  196. 18.6 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  197. 18.7 Custody of documents
  198. 18.8 Exercise of court’s powers
  199. 18.9 Special measures direction without application
  200. 18.10 Content of application for a special measures direction
  201. 18.11 Application to vary or discharge a special measures direction
  202. 18.12 Application containing information withheld from another party
  203. 18.13 Representations in response
  204. 18.14 Exercise of court’s powers
  205. 18.15 Content and conduct of application for a witness anonymity order
  206. 18.16 Duty of court officer to notify the Director of Public Prosecutions
  207. 18.17 Application to vary or discharge a witness anonymity order
  208. 18.18 Representations in response
  209. 18.19 Appointment of intermediary to facilitate a defendant’s participation
  210. 18.20 Application to vary or discharge the appointment of an intermediary for a defendant
  211. 18.21 Representations in response to application or proposal
  212. 18.22 Intermediary’s duty to the court
  213. 18.23 Declaration by intermediary
  214. 18.24 Content of intermediary’s report
  215. 19.1 When this Part applies
  216. 19.2 Expert’s duty to the court
  217. 19.3 Introduction of expert evidence
  218. 19.4 Content of expert’s report
  219. 19.5 Expert to be informed of service of report
  220. 19.6 Pre-hearing discussion of expert evidence
  221. 19.7 Court’s power to direct that evidence is to be given by a single joint expert
  222. 19.8 Instructions to a single joint expert
  223. 19.9 Application to withhold information from another party
  224. 19.10 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  225. 20.1 When this Part applies
  226. 20.2 Notice to introduce hearsay evidence
  227. 20.3 Opposing the introduction of hearsay evidence
  228. 20.4 Unopposed hearsay evidence
  229. 20.5 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  230. 21.1 When this Part applies
  231. 21.2 Content of application or notice
  232. 21.3 Application to introduce evidence of a non-defendant’s bad character
  233. 21.4 Notice to introduce evidence of a defendant’s bad character
  234. 21.5 Reasons for decisions
  235. 21.6 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  236. 22.1 When this Part applies
  237. 22.2 Exercise of court’s powers
  238. 22.3 Decisions and reasons
  239. 22.4 Application for permission to introduce evidence or cross-examine
  240. 22.5 Application containing information withheld from another party
  241. 22.6 Representations in response
  242. 22.7 Special measures, etc. for a witness
  243. 22.8 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  244. 23.1 When this Part applies
  245. 23.2 Appointment of advocate to cross-examine witness
  246. 23.3 Exercise of court’s powers
  247. 23.4 Application to prohibit cross-examination
  248. 23.5 Application to discharge prohibition imposed by the court
  249. 23.6 Application containing information withheld from another party
  250. 23.7 Representations in response
  251. 23.8 Court’s power to vary requirements
  252. 24.1 When this Part applies
  253. 24.2 General rules
  254. 24.3 Procedure on plea of not guilty
  255. 24.4 Evidence of a witness in person
  256. 24.5 Evidence of a witness in writing
  257. 24.6 Evidence by admission
  258. 24.7 Procedure on plea of guilty
  259. 24.8 Written guilty plea: special rules
  260. 24.9 Single justice procedure: special rules
  261. 24.10 Application to withdraw a guilty plea
  262. 24.11 Procedure if the court convicts
  263. 24.12 Procedure where a party is absent
  264. 24.13 Provision of documents for the court
  265. 24.14 Duty of justices’ legal adviser
  266. 24.15 Duty of court officer and custodian
  267. 25.1 When this Part applies
  268. 25.2 General powers and requirements
  269. 25.3 Application for ruling on procedure, evidence or other question of law
  270. 25.4 Procedure on plea of guilty
  271. 25.5 Application to vacate a guilty plea
  272. 25.6 Selecting the jury
  273. 25.7 Discharging jurors
  274. 25.8 Objecting to jurors
  275. 25.9 Procedure on plea of not guilty
  276. 25.10 Defendant unfit to plead
  277. 25.11 Evidence of a witness in person
  278. 25.12 Evidence of a witness in writing
  279. 25.13 Evidence by admission
  280. 25.14 Directions to the jury and taking the verdict
  281. 25.15 Conviction or acquittal without a jury
  282. 25.16 Procedure if the court convicts
  283. 25.17 Provision of documents for the court
  284. 25.18 Duty of court officer and custodian
  285. 26.1 Appeal against officer’s refusal to excuse or postpone jury service
  286. 26.2 Excusal from jury service by court
  287. 26.3 Provision of information for jurors
  288. 26.4 Assessment of juror’s availability for long trial, etc.
  289. 26.5 Surrender of electronic communication devices by jurors
  290. 26.6 Interpretation for a deaf juror
  291. 27.1 When this Part applies
  292. 27.2 Application for certificate
  293. 27.3 Application for reporting restriction pending application for order for retrial
  294. 27.4 Application for order for retrial
  295. 27.5 Respondent’s notice
  296. 27.6 Application to Crown Court for summons or warrant
  297. 27.7 Application of other rules about procedure in the Court of Appeal
  298. 28.1 Reasons for not following usual sentencing requirements
  299. 28.2 Notice of requirements of suspended sentence and community, etc. orders
  300. 28.3 Notification requirements
  301. 28.4 Variation of sentence
  302. 28.5 Application to vary or discharge a compensation, etc. order
  303. 28.6 Application to remove, revoke or suspend a disqualification or restriction
  304. 28.7 Application for a restitution order by the victim of a theft
  305. 28.8 Directions for commissioning medical reports for sentencing purposes
  306. 28.9 Information to be supplied on committal to custody or admission to hospital or guardianship
  307. 28.10 Committal or remission, etc. for sentence
  308. 28.11 Assistance to an investigator, etc.: applications under the Sentencing Act 2020
  309. 28.12 Assistance to an investigator, etc.: confidential information for the sentencing court
  310. 28.13 Sentencing, etc. after committal to the Crown Court
  311. 29.1 Representations about obligatory disqualification or endorsement
  312. 29.2 Application to remove a disqualification from driving
  313. 29.3 Information to be supplied on order for endorsement of driving record, etc.
  314. 29.4 Statutory declaration to avoid fine after fixed penalty notice
  315. 29.5 Application for declaration about a course or programme certificate decision
  316. 29.6 Appeal against recognition of foreign driving disqualification
  317. 30.1 When this Part applies
  318. 30.2 Exercise of court’s powers; duty of justices’ legal adviser
  319. 30.3 Duty to give receipt
  320. 30.4 Appeal against decision of fines officer
  321. 30.5 Application to reduce a fine, vary payment terms or remit a courts charge
  322. 30.6 Claim to avoid fine after penalty notice
  323. 30.7 Information to be included in a warrant of control
  324. 30.8 Warrant of control: application by enforcement agent for extension of time, etc.
  325. 30.9 Warrant of control: application to resolve dispute
  326. 31.1 When this Part applies
  327. 31.2 Behaviour orders and bind overs: general rules
  328. 31.3 Application for behaviour order and notice of terms of proposed order: special rules
  329. 31.4 Evidence to assist the court: special rules
  330. 31.5 Application to vary, renew, discharge or revoke behaviour order
  331. 31.6 Notice of hearsay evidence
  332. 31.7 Cross-examination of maker of hearsay statement
  333. 31.8 Credibility and consistency of maker of hearsay statement
  334. 31.9 Notice to supervisor of requirement for supervision or monitoring
  335. 31.10 Bind over: exercise of court’s powers
  336. 31.11 Bind over: refusal or breach
  337. 31.12 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  338. 32.1 When this Part applies
  339. 32.2 Application by responsible officer or supervisor
  340. 32.3 Application by defendant or person affected
  341. 32.4 Procedure on application by responsible officer or supervisor
  342. 33.1 Interpretation
  343. 33.2 Application for registration of Scottish or Northern Ireland order
  344. 33.3 Application to vary or set aside registration
  345. 33.4 Register of orders
  346. 33.5 Statements of truth
  347. 33.6 Use of witness statements for other purposes
  348. 33.7 Service of documents
  349. 33.8 Service outside the jurisdiction
  350. 33.9 Certificates of service
  351. 33.10 External requests and orders
  352. 33.11 Confiscation proceedings
  353. 33.12 Application for compliance order
  354. 33.13 Application for reconsideration
  355. 33.14 Application for new calculation of available amount
  356. 33.15 Variation of confiscation order due to inadequacy of available amount
  357. 33.16 Application by magistrates’ court officer to discharge confiscation order
  358. 33.17 Application for variation of confiscation order made against an absconder
  359. 33.18 Application for discharge of confiscation order made against an absconder
  360. 33.19 Application for increase in term of imprisonment in default
  361. 33.20 Compensation – general
  362. 33.21 Compensation – confiscation order made against absconder
  363. 33.22 Payment of money held or detained in satisfaction of confiscation order
  364. 33.23 Application to realise seized property or to realise or destroy cryptoassets
  365. 33.24 Appeal about decision on application to realise seized property or to realise or destroy cryptoassets
  366. 33.25 Application for direction about surplus proceeds
  367. 33.26 Application for approval to seize property or to search
  368. 33.27 Application to extend detention period
  369. 33.28 Application to vary or discharge order for extended detention
  370. 33.29 Appeal about property detention decision
  371. 33.30 Taking control of goods and forfeiture
  372. 33.31 Joining of applications
  373. 33.32 Applications to be dealt with in writing
  374. 33.33 Business in chambers
  375. 33.34 Power of court to control evidence
  376. 33.35 Evidence of witnesses
  377. 33.36 Witness summons
  378. 33.37 Hearsay evidence
  379. 33.38 Disclosure and inspection of documents
  380. 33.39 Court documents
  381. 33.40 Consent orders
  382. 33.41 Slips and omissions
  383. 33.42 Supply of documents from court records
  384. 33.43 Disclosure of documents in criminal proceedings
  385. 33.44 Preparation of documents
  386. 33.45 Application for restraint order or ancillary order
  387. 33.46 Restraint and ancillary orders
  388. 33.47 Application for discharge or variation of restraint or ancillary order by a person affected by the order
  389. 33.48 Application for variation of restraint or ancillary order by the person who applied for the order
  390. 33.49 Application for discharge of restraint or ancillary order by the person who applied for the order
  391. 33.50 Application for appointment of a management or an enforcement receiver
  392. 33.51 Application for conferral of powers on a management receiver or an enforcement receiver
  393. 33.52 Applications for discharge or variation of receivership orders, and applications for other orders
  394. 33.53 Sums in the hands of receivers
  395. 33.54 Security
  396. 33.55 Remuneration
  397. 33.56 Accounts
  398. 33.57 Non-compliance by receiver
  399. 33.58 Statements, etc. relevant to making confiscation orders
  400. 33.59 Postponed determinations
  401. 33.60 Confiscation orders - revised assessments
  402. 33.61 Application to the Crown Court to discharge or vary order to make material available
  403. 33.62 Application to the Crown Court for increase in term of imprisonment in default of payment
  404. 33.63 Drug trafficking – compensation on acquittal in the Crown Court
  405. 33.64 Application to punish for contempt of court
  406. 34.1 When this Part applies
  407. 34.2 Service of appeal and respondent’s notices
  408. 34.3 Form of appeal and respondent’s notices
  409. 34.4 Duty of magistrates’ court officer
  410. 34.5 Duty of person keeping exhibit
  411. 34.6 Reference by the Criminal Cases Review Commission
  412. 34.7 Preparation for appeal
  413. 34.8 Hearings and decisions
  414. 34.9 Abandoning an appeal
  415. 34.10 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  416. 34.11 Constitution of the Crown Court
  417. 35.1 When this Part applies
  418. 35.2 Application to state a case
  419. 35.3 Preparation of case stated
  420. 35.4 Duty of justices’ legal adviser
  421. 35.5 Court’s power to vary requirements under this Part
  422. 36.1 When this Part applies
  423. 36.2 Case management in the Court of Appeal
  424. 36.3 Power to vary requirements
  425. 36.4 Application for extension of time
  426. 36.5 Renewing an application refused by a judge or the Registrar
  427. 36.6 Hearings
  428. 36.7 Notice of hearings and decisions
  429. 36.8 Duty of Crown Court officer
  430. 36.9 Duty of person transcribing proceedings in the Crown Court
  431. 36.10 Duty of person keeping exhibit
  432. 36.11 Registrar’s duty to provide copy documents for appeal or reference
  433. 36.12 Declaration of incompatibility with a Convention right
  434. 36.13 Abandoning an appeal
  435. 36.14 Grounds of appeal and opposition
  436. 36.15 Reopening the determination of an appeal
  437. 37.1 When this Part applies
  438. 37.2 Service of appeal notice
  439. 37.3 Form of appeal notice
  440. 37.4 Crown Court judge’s permission to appeal
  441. 37.5 Respondent’s notice
  442. 37.6 Powers of Court of Appeal judge
  443. 37.7 Renewing applications
  444. 37.8 Right to attend hearing
  445. 38.1 When this Part applies
  446. 38.2 Decision to appeal
  447. 38.3 Service of appeal notice
  448. 38.4 Form of appeal notice
  449. 38.5 Crown Court judge’s permission to appeal
  450. 38.6 Expediting an appeal
  451. 38.7 Respondent’s notice
  452. 38.8 Public interest ruling
  453. 38.9 Powers of Court of Appeal judge
  454. 38.10 Renewing applications
  455. 38.11 Right to attend hearing
  456. 39.1 When this Part applies
  457. 39.2 Service of appeal notice
  458. 39.3 Form of appeal notice
  459. 39.4 Crown Court judge’s certificate that case is fit for appeal
  460. 39.5 Reference by Criminal Cases Review Commission
  461. 39.6 Respondent’s notice
  462. 39.7 Introducing evidence
  463. 39.8 Application for bail, or to suspend a disqualification or order, pending appeal or retrial
  464. 39.9 Conditions of bail pending appeal or retrial
  465. 39.10 Forfeiture of a recognizance given as a condition of bail
  466. 39.11 Right to attend hearing
  467. 39.12 Power to vary determination of appeal against sentence
  468. 39.13 Directions about re-admission to hospital on dismissal of appeal
  469. 39.14 Renewal or setting aside of order for retrial
  470. 40.1 When this Part applies
  471. 40.2 Service of appeal notice
  472. 40.3 Form of appeal notice
  473. 40.4 Advance notice of appeal against order restricting public access
  474. 40.5 Duty of applicant for order restricting public access
  475. 40.6 Respondent’s notice on appeal against reporting restriction
  476. 40.7 Renewing applications
  477. 40.8 Right to introduce evidence
  478. 40.9 Right to attend hearing
  479. 41.1 When this Part applies
  480. 41.2 Service of notice of reference and application for permission
  481. 41.3 Form of notice of reference and application for permission
  482. 41.4 Respondent’s notice
  483. 41.5 Variation or withdrawal of notice of reference or application for permission
  484. 41.6 Right to attend hearing
  485. 41.7 Anonymity of defendant on reference of point of law
  486. 42.1 Extension of time
  487. 42.2 Other applications
  488. 42.3 Examination of witness by court
  489. 42.4 Supply of documentary and other exhibits
  490. 42.5 Duty of Crown Court officer
  491. 42.6 Hearing by single judge
  492. 42.7 Determination by full court
  493. 42.8 Notice of determination and renewal of application for permission to appeal
  494. 42.9 Record of proceedings and transcripts
  495. 42.10 Appeal to the Supreme Court
  496. 42.11 Notice of appeal
  497. 42.12 Respondent’s notice
  498. 42.13 Amendment and abandonment of appeal
  499. 42.14 Permission to appeal
  500. 42.15 Notice of appeal
  501. 42.16 Respondent’s notice
  502. 42.17 Amendment and abandonment of appeal
  503. 42.18 Stay
  504. 42.19 Striking out appeal notices and setting aside or imposing conditions on permission to appeal
  505. 42.20 Hearing of appeals
  506. 42.21 Reopening the determination of an appeal
  507. 43.1 When this Part applies
  508. 43.2 Application for permission or reference
  509. 43.3 Determination of detention pending appeal, etc.
  510. 43.4 Bail pending appeal
  511. 44.1 When this Part applies
  512. 44.2 Statutory declaration of ignorance of proceedings
  513. 44.3 Setting aside a conviction or varying a costs, etc. order
  514. 45.1 When this Part applies
  515. 45.2 Costs orders: general rules
  516. 45.3 Court’s power to vary requirements
  517. 45.4 Costs out of central funds
  518. 45.5 Costs on conviction and sentence, etc.
  519. 45.6 Costs on appeal
  520. 45.7 Costs on an application
  521. 45.8 Costs resulting from unnecessary or improper act, etc.
  522. 45.9 Costs against a legal representative
  523. 45.10 Costs against a third party
  524. 45.11 Assessment and re-assessment
  525. 45.12 Appeal to a costs judge
  526. 45.13 Appeal to a High Court judge
  527. 45.14 Application for an extension of time
  528. 46.1 Functions of representatives and supporters
  529. 46.2 Notice of appointment, etc. of legal representative: general rules
  530. 46.3 Application to change legal representative (legal aid): general rules
  531. 46.4 Application by defendant to change legal representative (legal aid)
  532. 46.5 Application by legal representative to withdraw (legal aid)
  533. 47.1 When this Part applies
  534. 47.2 Meaning of ‘court’, ‘applicant’ and ‘respondent’
  535. 47.3 Documents and recordings held by the court officer
  536. 47.4 When this Section applies
  537. 47.5 Exercise of court’s powers
  538. 47.6 Application for order: general rules
  539. 47.7 Application containing information withheld from a respondent or other person
  540. 47.8 Application to vary or discharge an order
  541. 47.9 Application to punish for contempt of court
  542. 47.10 Application for a production order under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
  543. 47.11 Application for an order under the Terrorism Act 2000 or the National Security Act 2023
  544. 47.12 Content of application for a production etc. order under the Terrorism Act 2000 or the National Security Act 2023
  545. 47.13 Content of application for a disclosure order or information order under the Terrorism Act 2000 or the National Security Act 2023
  546. 47.14 Content of application for an explanation order under the Terrorism Act 2000 or the National Security Act 2023
  547. 47.15 Content of application for a customer information order under the Terrorism Act 2000 or the National Security Act 2023
  548. 47.16 Content of application for an account monitoring order under the Terrorism Act 2000 or the National Security Act 2023
  549. 47.17 Application for an order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  550. 47.18 Content of application for a production order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  551. 47.19 Content of application for an order to grant entry under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  552. 47.20 Content of application for a disclosure order or information order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  553. 47.21 Content of application for a customer information order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  554. 47.22 Content of application for an account monitoring order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  555. 47.23 Application for a production order under the Extradition Act 2003
  556. 47.24 When this Section applies
  557. 47.25 Exercise of court’s powers
  558. 47.26 Application for warrant: general rules
  559. 47.27 Information to be included in a warrant
  560. 47.28 Application for warrant under section 8 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
  561. 47.29 Application for warrant under section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1987
  562. 47.30 Application for warrant under paragraph 12 of Schedule 1 to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
  563. 47.31 Application for warrant under Schedule 5 to the Terrorism Act 2000 or Schedule 2 to the National Security Act 2023
  564. 47.32 Application for warrant under section 352 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002
  565. 47.33 Application for warrant under section 160 of the Extradition Act 2003
  566. 47.34 Application for warrant under any other power
  567. 47.35 When this Section applies
  568. 47.36 Exercise of court’s powers
  569. 47.37 Application for an order under section 1 of the Police (Property) Act 1897
  570. 47.38 Application for an order under section 59 of the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001
  571. 47.39 Application containing information withheld from another party
  572. 47.40 Representations in response
  573. 47.41 Application to punish for contempt of court
  574. 47.42 When this Section applies
  575. 47.43 Exercise of court’s powers
  576. 47.44 Application to extend retention period
  577. 47.45 Appeal
  578. 47.46 When this Section applies
  579. 47.47 Exercise of court’s powers
  580. 47.48 Application for an investigation anonymity order
  581. 47.49 Application to discharge an investigation anonymity order
  582. 47.50 Appeal
  583. 47.51 When this Section applies
  584. 47.52 Exercise of court’s powers
  585. 47.53 Application for approval for authorisation ...
  586. 47.54 When this Section applies
  587. 47.55 Exercise of court’s powers
  588. 47.56 Application for an order for access
  589. 47.57 Application containing information withheld from a respondent or other person
  590. 47.58 Application to punish for contempt of court
  591. 47.59 When this Section applies
  592. 47.60 Exercise of court’s powers
  593. 47.61 Application for extension of moratorium period
  594. 47.62 Application containing information withheld from a respondent
  595. 47.63 When this Section applies
  596. 47.64 Exercise of court’s powers
  597. 47.65 Application for order
  598. 47.66 Application to vary or revoke an order
  599. 47.67 Application containing information withheld from a respondent or other person
  600. 47.68 Application to punish for contempt of court
  601. 48.1 When this Part applies
  602. 48.2 Exercise of court’s power to deal with contempt of court
  603. 48.3 Notice of suspension of imprisonment by Court of Appeal or Crown Court
  604. 48.4 Application to discharge an order for imprisonment
  605. 48.5 Initial procedure on obstruction, disruption, etc.
  606. 48.6 Review after temporary detention
  607. 48.7 Postponement of enquiry
  608. 48.8 Procedure on enquiry
  609. 48.9 Initial procedure on failure to comply with court order, etc.
  610. 48.10 Procedure on hearing
  611. 48.11 Introduction of written witness statement or other hearsay
  612. 48.12 Content of written witness statement
  613. 48.13 Content of notice of other hearsay
  614. 48.14 Cross-examination of maker of written witness statement or other hearsay
  615. 48.15 Credibility and consistency of maker of written witness statement or other hearsay
  616. 48.16 Magistrates’ courts’ powers to adjourn, etc.
  617. 48.17 Court’s power to vary requirements
  618. 49.1 Notice required to accompany process served outside the United Kingdom and translations
  619. 49.2 Proof of service outside the United Kingdom
  620. 49.3 Supply of copy of notice of request for assistance abroad
  621. 49.4 Persons entitled to appear and take part in proceedings before a nominated court, and exclusion of the public
  622. 49.5 Record of proceedings to receive evidence before a nominated court
  623. 49.6 Interpreter for the purposes of proceedings involving a television or telephone link
  624. 49.7 Record of television link hearing before a nominated court
  625. 49.8 Record of telephone link hearing before a nominated court
  626. 49.9 Overseas record
  627. 49.10 Overseas freezing orders
  628. 49.11 Overseas forfeiture orders
  629. 50.1 When this Part applies
  630. 50.2 Special objective in extradition proceedings
  631. 50.3 Exercise of magistrates’ court’s powers
  632. 50.4 Case management in the magistrates’ court and duty of court officer
  633. 50.5 Preliminary hearing after arrest
  634. 50.6 Extradition hearing
  635. 50.7 Discharge where warrant withdrawn
  636. 50.8 Issue of arrest warrant
  637. 50.9 Preliminary hearing after arrest
  638. 50.10 Issue of provisional arrest warrant
  639. 50.11 Preliminary hearing after provisional arrest
  640. 50.12 Arrangement of extradition hearing after provisional arrest
  641. 50.13 Extradition hearing
  642. 50.14 Discharge where extradition request withdrawn
  643. 50.15 Introduction of additional evidence
  644. 50.16 Defendant’s application to be discharged
  645. 50.17 Exercise of the High Court’s powers
  646. 50.18 Case management in the High Court
  647. 50.19 Service of appeal notice
  648. 50.20 Form of appeal notice
  649. 50.21 Respondent’s notice
  650. 50.22 Renewing an application for permission to appeal, restoring excluded grounds, etc.
  651. 50.23 Appeal hearing
  652. 50.24 Early termination of appeal: order by consent, etc.
  653. 50.25 Application for permission to appeal to the Supreme Court
  654. 50.26 Determination of detention pending appeal to the Supreme Court against discharge
  655. 50.27 Reopening the determination of an appeal
  656. 50.28 Declaration of incompatibility with a Convention right
  657. 50.29 Duties of court officers
  658. 50.30 Constitution of the High Court
  659. 50.31 Payment of High Court fees
  660. 50.32 Application for consent to deal with another offence or for consent to further extradition

Proposed changes to this act

No one has proposed a change to this act yet.

660 provisions

48.1 When this Part applies

(1) This Part applies where the court can deal with a person for conduct— (a) in contempt of court; or (b) in contravention of the legislation to which rules 48.5 and 48.9 refer. (2) In this Part, ‘respondent’ means any such person. [Note. For the court’s powers to punish for contempt of court, see the notes to rules 48.5 and 48.9.]

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48.2 Exercise of court’s power to deal with contempt of court

(1) The court must determine at a hearing— (a) an enquiry under rule 48.8; and (b) an allegation under rule 48.9. (2) The court must not proceed in the respondent’s absence unless— (a) the respondent’s behaviour makes it impracticable to proceed otherwise; or (b) the respondent has had at least 10 business days’ notice of the hearing, or was present when the hearing was arranged. (3) If the court hears part of an enquiry or allegation in private, it must announce at a hearing in public— (a) the respondent’s name; (b) in general terms, the nature of any conduct that the respondent admits, or the court finds proved; and (c) any punishment imposed. (4) Where a respondent admits conduct to which this Part applies or the court finds such conduct proved, the court officer must publish an announcement of the event— (a) which includes the information listed in paragraph (3) of this rule; and (b) by such arrangements as the Lord Chief Justice directs.

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48.3 Notice of suspension of imprisonment by Court of Appeal or Crown Court

(1) This rule applies where— (a) the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court suspends an order of imprisonment for contempt of court; and (b) the respondent is absent when the court does so. (2) The respondent must be served with notice of the terms of the court’s order— (a) by any applicant under rule 48.9; or (b) by the court officer, in any other case. [Note. By reason of sections 15 and 45 of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court each has an inherent power to suspend imprisonment for contempt of court, on conditions, or for a period, or both.]

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48.4 Application to discharge an order for imprisonment

(1) This rule applies where the court can discharge an order for a respondent’s imprisonment for contempt of court. (2) A respondent who wants the court to discharge such an order must— (a) apply in writing, unless the court otherwise directs, and serve any written application on— (i) the court officer, and (ii) any applicant under rule 48.9 on whose application the respondent was imprisoned; (b) in the application— (i) explain why it is appropriate for the order for imprisonment to be discharged, and (ii) give details of any appeal, and its outcome; and (c) ask for a hearing, if the respondent wants one. [Note. By reason of sections 15 and 45 of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court each has an inherent power to discharge an order for a respondent’s imprisonment for contempt of court in failing to comply with a court order. Under section 97(4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, a magistrates’ court can discharge an order for imprisonment if the respondent gives evidence. Under section 12(4) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, a magistrates’ court can discharge an order for imprisonment made under that section.]

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48.5 Initial procedure on obstruction, disruption, etc.

(1) This rule applies where the court observes, or someone reports to the court— (a) in the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court, obstructive, disruptive, insulting or intimidating conduct, in the courtroom or in its vicinity, or otherwise immediately affecting the proceedings; (b) in the Crown Court, a contravention of— (i) section 3 of the Criminal Procedure (Attendance of Witnesses) Act 1965 (disobeying a witness summons), or (ii) section 20 of the Juries Act 1974 (disobeying a jury summons); (c) in a magistrates’ court, a contravention of— (i) section 97(4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (refusing to give evidence), or (ii) section 12 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 (insulting or interrupting the court, etc.); (d) a contravention of section 9 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 (Use of tape recorders); (e) a contravention of section 41 of the Criminal Justice Act 1925 (Prohibition on taking photographs, etc, in court); or (f) any other conduct with which the court can deal as, or as if it were, a criminal contempt of court, except failure to surrender to bail under section 6 of the Bail Act 1976. (2) If it is necessary in the interests of justice to deal there and then with conduct to which this rule applies, the court must— (a) unless the respondent’s behaviour makes it impracticable to do so, explain, in terms the respondent can understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) the conduct that is in question, (ii) that the court can impose imprisonment, or a fine, or both, for such conduct, (iii) (where relevant) that the court has power to order the respondent’s immediate temporary detention, if in the court’s opinion that is required, (iv) that the respondent may explain the conduct, (v) that the respondent may apologise, if the respondent so wishes, which may persuade the court to take no further action, and (vi) that the respondent may take legal advice; and (b) allow the respondent a reasonable opportunity to reflect, take advice, explain and, if the respondent so wishes, apologise. (3) After allowing that opportunity— (a) the court may enquire into the conduct at once; (b) the court may postpone the enquiry— (i) if a magistrates’ court, only until later the same day, or (ii) if the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court, until a date and time fixed by the court for the respondent to surrender to the court’s custody; (c) if the conduct appears to contravene section 9 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 (recording) or section 41 of the Criminal Justice Act 1925 (photography), the court may— (i) at once require the respondent to erase the recording or photograph immediately, (ii) explain the power of a court security officer to seize an article under section 54 of the Courts Act 2003 (Surrender and seizure of articles), and (iii) explain the power of the court to order the forfeiture and disposal of an instrument under section 9(3) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981; or (d) the court may take no further action in respect of the conduct. (4) In the Crown Court, if it is not necessary in the interests of justice to deal there and then with the conduct the court must instead— (a) direct the court officer to report the incident to a Presiding Judge; and (b) unless the respondent’s behaviour makes it impracticable to do so, explain in terms the respondent can understand (with help, if necessary), that— (i) the incident will be considered by a Presiding Judge, (ii) the outcome may be prosecution or proceedings for contempt of court, which may lead to imprisonment, or to a fine, or both, (iii) the respondent may explain the conduct and may apologise, if the respondent so wishes, which may affect the outcome, and (iv) the respondent may take legal advice. [Note. The conduct to which this rule applies is sometimes described as ‘criminal’ contempt of court. By reason of sections 15 and 45 of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court each has an inherent powerto imprison (for a maximum of 2 years), or fine (to an unlimited amount), or both, a respondent for contempt of court for the conduct listed in paragraph (1)(a), (b), (d) , (e) or (f). See also section 14 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981. Under section 97(4) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980, and under sections 12 and 14 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, a magistrates’ court can imprison (for a maximum of 1 month), or fine (to a maximum of £2,500), or both, a respondent who contravenes a provision listed in paragraph (1)(c) or (d). Section 12(1) of the 1981 Act allows the court to deal with any person who— (a) wilfully insults the justice or justices, any witness before or officer of the court or any solicitor or counsel having business in the court, during his or their sitting or attendance in court or in going to or returning from the court; or (b) wilfully interrupts the proceedings of the court or otherwise misbehaves in court. Under section 227(2) of the Sentencing Act 2020, the committal to custody of a person aged under 21 is generally prohibited but section 108 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 allows the court to commit to detention a person aged at least 18 but under 21 if it is of the opinion that no other method of dealing with that person is appropriate. Under section 258 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, a respondent who is imprisoned for contempt of court must be released unconditionally after serving half the term. Under sections 14, 15 and 16 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, the respondent may receive advice and representation in “proceedings for contempt committed, or alleged to have been committed, by an individual in the face of the court”. By reason of sections 15 and 45 of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court each has (i) an inherent power temporarily to detain a respondent, for example to restore order, when dealing with obstructive, disruptive, insulting or intimidating conduct, and (ii) an inherent power to grant bail, subject to the obligation to attend the enquiry and subject to the same principles that apply to bail in a prosecution. Under section 12(2) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, a magistrates’ court can temporarily detain a respondent until later the same day on a contravention of that section. Part 14 contains rules about bail. Under section 53(2) of the Courts Act 2003, a court security officer may restrain any person in a court building, or exclude or remove any person from a court building, if that is reasonably necessary to enable court business to be carried on without interference or delay, to maintain order, or to secure the safety of any person in the building. Under section 53(4) of that Act a court security officer acting in the execution of that officer’s duty may remove any person from a courtroom at the request of a judge or a justice of the peace. Under section 54 of the Courts Act 2003, a court security officer must ask a person in a court building to surrender any article that the officer reasonably believes (a) may jeopardise the maintenance of order in the court building or a part of it, (b) may put the safety of any person in the court building at risk, or (c) may be evidence of, or in relation to, an offence. If that person refuses to surrender that article the officer may seize it. Under section 9(3) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, the court may order the forfeiture of a recording instrument brought into court without the court’s permission, and any recording made with it, and may direct the manner of its disposal. The object forfeited must be disposed of in this manner, unless the court otherwise determines on application by the owner. Presiding Judges are appointed from among High Court judges under section 72 of the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990.]

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48.6 Review after temporary detention

(1) This rule applies in a case in which the court has ordered the respondent’s immediate temporary detention for conduct to which rule 48.5 applies. (2) The court must review the case— (a) if a magistrates’ court, later the same day; or (b) if the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court, no later than the next business day. (3) On the review, the court must— (a) unless the respondent is absent, repeat the explanations required by rule 48.5(2)(a); and (b) allow the respondent a reasonable opportunity to reflect, take advice, explain and, if he or she so wishes, apologise. (4) The court may then— (a) take no further action in respect of the conduct; (b) if a magistrates’ court, enquire into the conduct at once; or (c) if the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court— (i) enquire into the conduct at once, or (ii) postpone the enquiry, and order the respondent’s release from such detention in the meantime.

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48.7 Postponement of enquiry

(1) This rule applies where the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court postpones the enquiry. (2) Under the superintendence of the court the court officer must prepare a written statement containing such particulars of the conduct in question as to make clear what the respondent appears to have done. (3) The court officer must serve on the respondent— (a) that written statement; (b) such other evidence, if any, of the conduct which the court will consider at the enquiry; (c) notice of where and when the postponed enquiry will take place; (d) a reminder that the court can impose imprisonment, or a fine, or both, for contempt of court; and (e) a warning that if the respondent fails to attend the enquiry— (i) the enquiry may take place in the respondent’s absence, and (ii) the respondent may be arrested and punished for failing to attend.

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48.8 Procedure on enquiry

(1) At an enquiry, the court must— (a) ensure that the respondent understands (with help, if necessary) what is alleged, if the enquiry has been postponed from a previous occasion; (b) explain what the procedure at the enquiry will be; and (c) ask whether the respondent admits the conduct in question. (2) If the respondent admits the conduct, the court need not receive evidence. (3) If the respondent does not admit the conduct, the court must consider— (a) any statement served under rule 48.7; (b) any other evidence of the conduct served under that rule; (c) any evidence introduced by the respondent; and (d) any representations by the respondent about the conduct. (4) If the respondent admits the conduct, or the court finds it proved, the court must— (a) before imposing any punishment for contempt of court, give the respondent an opportunity to make representations relevant to punishment and a final opportunity to apologise; (b) in deciding how to deal with the respondent take into account— (i) the gravity of the contempt, (ii) the extent of any admission of the conduct and the stage at which that admission was made, (iii) any apology and the stage at which that apology was offered, and (iv) any period during which the respondent was detained pending the enquiry; (c) if imprisonment is imposed, impose the shortest period that is commensurate with the preservation of good order in the administration of justice; (d) explain, in terms the respondent can understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) the reasons for its decision, including its findings of fact, and (ii) the punishment it imposes, and its effect; and (e) if a magistrates’ court, arrange for the preparation of a written record of those findings. (5) The court that conducts an enquiry— (a) need not include the same member or members as the court that observed the conduct; but (b) may do so, unless that would be unfair to the respondent.

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48.9 Initial procedure on failure to comply with court order, etc.

(1) This rule applies where— (a) a party, or other person directly affected, alleges— (i) in the Crown Court, a failure to comply with an order to which applies rule 33.64 (compliance order, restraint order or ancillary order), rule 47.9 (certain investigation orders under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, the Terrorism Act 2000, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (External Investigations) Order 2014 and the Extradition Act 2003), rule 47.41 (order for retention or return of property under section 59 of the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001) or rule 47.58 (order for access under section 18A of the Criminal Appeal Act 1995), (ii) in the Court of Appeal or the Crown Court, any other conduct with which that court can deal as a civil contempt of court, or (iii) in the Crown Court or a magistrates’ court, unauthorised use of disclosed prosecution material under section 17 of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996; or (b) the court deals on its own initiative with conduct to which paragraph (1)(a) applies. (2) Such a party or person must— (a) apply in writing and serve the application on the court officer; and (b) serve on the respondent— (i) the application, and (ii) notice of where and when the court will consider the allegation (not less than 10business days after service). (3) The application must— (a) identify the respondent; (b) explain that it is an application for the respondent to be dealt with for contempt of court; (c) contain such particulars of the conduct in question as to make clear what is alleged against the respondent; and (d) include a notice warning the respondent that the court— (i) can impose imprisonment, or a fine, or both, for contempt of court, and (ii) may deal with the application in the respondent’s absence, if the respondent does not attend the hearing. (4) A court which acts on its own initiative under paragraph (1)(b) must— (a) arrange for the preparation of a written statement containing the same information as an application; and (b) arrange for the service on the respondent of— (i) that written statement, and (ii) notice of where and when the court will consider the allegation (not less than 10business days after service). [Note. The conduct to which this rule applies is sometimes described as ‘civil’ contempt of court. By reason of section 45 of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the Crown Court has an inherent power to imprison (for a maximum of 2 years), or fine (to an unlimited amount), or both, a respondent for conduct in contempt of court by failing to comply with a court order or an undertaking given to the court. Under section 18 of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996— (a) the Crown Court can imprison (for a maximum of 2 years), or fine (to an unlimited amount), or both; (b) a magistrates’ court can imprison (for a maximum of 6 months), or fine (to a maximum of £5,000), or both, a person who uses disclosed prosecution material in contravention of section 17 of that Act. See also rule 15.8. Under section 227(2) of the Sentencing Act 2020, the committal to custody of a person aged under 21 is generally prohibited but section 108 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 allows the court to commit to detention a person aged at least 18 but under 21 if it is of the opinion that no other method of dealing with that person is appropriate. Under section 258 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, a respondent who is imprisoned for contempt of court must be released unconditionally after serving half the term. The rules in Part 4 require that an application under this rule must be served by handing it to the person accused of contempt of court unless the court otherwise directs.]

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48.10 Procedure on hearing

(1) At the hearing of an allegation under rule 48.9, the court must— (a) ensure that the respondent understands (with help, if necessary) what is alleged; (b) explain what the procedure at the hearing will be; and (c) ask whether the respondent admits the conduct in question. (2) If the respondent admits the conduct, the court need not receive evidence. (3) If the respondent does not admit the conduct, the court must consider— (a) the application or written statement served under rule 48.9; (b) any other evidence of the conduct; (c) any evidence introduced by the respondent; and (d) any representations by the respondent about the conduct. (4) If the respondent admits the conduct, or the court finds it proved, the court must— (a) before imposing any punishment for contempt of court, give the respondent an opportunity to make representations relevant to punishment and a final opportunity to apologise; (b) in deciding how to deal with the respondent take into account— (i) the gravity of the contempt, (ii) the extent of any admission of the conduct and the stage at which that admission was made, and (iii) any apology and the stage at which that apology was offered; (c) if imprisonment is imposed, impose the shortest period that is commensurate with the preservation of good order in the administration of justice; (d) explain, in terms the respondent can understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) the reasons for its decision, including its findings of fact, and (ii) the punishment it imposes, and its effect; and (e) if a magistrates’ court, arrange for the preparation of a written record of those findings.

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48.11 Introduction of written witness statement or other hearsay

(1) Where rule 48.9 applies, an applicant or respondent who wants to introduce in evidence the written statement of a witness, or other hearsay, must— (a) serve a copy of the statement, or notice of other hearsay, on— (i) the court officer, and (ii) the other party; and (b) serve the copy or notice— (i) when serving the application under rule 48.9, in the case of an applicant, or (ii) not more than 5 business days after service of that application or of the court’s written statement, in the case of the respondent. (2) Such service is notice of that party’s intention to introduce in evidence that written witness statement, or other hearsay, unless that party otherwise indicates when serving it. (3) A party entitled to receive such notice may waive that entitlement. [Note. On an application under rule 48.9, hearsay evidence is admissible under the Civil Evidence Act 1995. Section 1(2) of the 1995 Act defines hearsay as meaning ‘a statement made otherwise than by a person while giving oral evidence in the proceedings which is tendered as evidence of the matters stated’. Section 13 of the Act defines a statement as meaning ‘any representation of fact or opinion, however made’. Under section 2 of the 1995 Act, a party who wants to introduce hearsay in evidence must give reasonable and practicable notice, in accordance with procedure rules, unless the recipient waives that requirement.]

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48.12 Content of written witness statement

(1) This rule applies to a written witness statement served under rule 48.11. (2) Such a written witness statement must contain a declaration by the person making it that it is true to the best of that person’s knowledge and belief. [Note. By reason of sections 15 and 45 of the Senior Courts Act 1981, the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court each has an inherent power to imprison (for a maximum of 2 years), or fine (to an unlimited amount), or both, for contempt of court a person who, in a written witness statement to which this rule applies, makes, or causes to be made, a false statement without an honest belief in its truth. See also section 14 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981.]

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48.13 Content of notice of other hearsay

(1) This rule applies to a notice of hearsay, other than a written witness statement, served under rule 48.11. (2) Such a notice must— (a) set out the evidence, or attach the document that contains it; and (b) identify the person who made the statement that is hearsay.

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48.14 Cross-examination of maker of written witness statement or other hearsay

(1) This rule applies where a party wants the court’s permission to cross-examine a person who made a statement which another party wants to introduce as hearsay. (2) The party who wants to cross-examine that person must— (a) apply in writing, with reasons; and (b) serve the application on— (i) the court officer, and (ii) the party who served the hearsay. (3) A respondent who wants to cross-examine such a person must apply to do so not more than 5business days after service of the hearsay by the applicant. (4) An applicant who wants to cross-examine such a person must apply to do so not more than 3business days after service of the hearsay by the respondent. (5) The court— (a) may decide an application under this rule without a hearing; but (b) must not dismiss such an application unless the person making it has had an opportunity to make representations at a hearing. [Note. See also section 3 of the Civil Evidence Act 1995.]

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48.15 Credibility and consistency of maker of written witness statement or other hearsay

(1) This rule applies where a party wants to challenge the credibility or consistency of a person who made a statement which another party wants to introduce as hearsay. (2) The party who wants to challenge the credibility or consistency of that person must— (a) serve notice of intention to do so on— (i) the court officer, and (ii) the party who served the hearsay; and (b) in it, identify any statement or other material on which that party relies. (3) A respondent who wants to challenge such a person’s credibility or consistency must serve such a notice not more than 5 business days after service of the hearsay by the applicant. (4) An applicant who wants to challenge such a person’s credibility or consistency must serve such a notice not more than 3 business days after service of the hearsay by the respondent. (5) The party who served the hearsay— (a) may call that person to give oral evidence instead; and (b) if so, must serve notice of intention to do so on— (i) the court officer, and (ii) the other party as soon as practicable after service of the notice under paragraph (2). [Note. Section 5(2) of the Civil Evidence Act 1995 describes the procedure for challenging the credibility of the maker of a statement of which hearsay evidence is introduced. See also section 6 of that Act. The 1995 Act does not allow the introduction of evidence of a previous inconsistent statement otherwise than in accordance with sections 5, 6 and 7 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1865.]

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48.16 Magistrates’ courts’ powers to adjourn, etc.

(1) This rule applies where a magistrates’ court deals with unauthorised disclosure of prosecution material under sections 17 and 18 of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996. (2) The sections of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 listed in paragraph (3) apply as if in those sections— (a) ‘complaint’ and ‘summons’ each referred to an application or written statement under rule 48.9; (b) ‘complainant’ meant an applicant; and (c) ‘defendant’ meant the respondent. (3) Those sections are— (a) section 51 (issue of summons on complaint); (b) section 54 (adjournment); (c) section 55 (non-appearance of defendant); (d) section 97(1) (summons to witness); (e) section 121(1) (constitution and place of sitting of court); and (f) section 123 (defect in process). (4) Section 127 of the 1980 Act (limitation of time) does not apply. [Note. Under section 19(3) of the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, Criminal Procedure Rules may contain provisions equivalent to those contained in Schedule 3 to the Contempt of Court Act 1981 (which allows magistrates’ courts in cases of contempt of court to use certain powers such courts possess in other cases).]

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48.17 Court’s power to vary requirements

(1) The court may shorten or extend (even after it has expired) a time limit under rule 48.11, 48.14 or 48.15. (2) A person who wants an extension of time must— (a) apply when serving the statement, notice or application for which it is needed; and (b) explain the delay.

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49.1 Notice required to accompany process served outside the United Kingdom and translations

(1) The notice which by virtue of section 3(4)(b) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 (general requirements for service of process) must accompany any process served outside the United Kingdom must give the information specified in paragraphs (2) and (4) below. (2) The notice must— (a) state that the person required by the process to appear as a party or attend as a witness can obtain information about his rights in connection therewith from the relevant authority; and (b) give the particulars specified in paragraph (4) about that authority. (3) The relevant authority where the process is served— (a) at the request of the prosecuting authority, is that authority; or (b) at the request of the defendant or the prosecutor in the case of a private prosecution, is the court by which the process is served. (4) The particulars referred to in paragraph (2) are— (a) the name and address of the relevant authority, together with its telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address; and (b) the name of a person at the relevant authority who can provide the information referred to in paragraph (2)(a), together with his telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address. (5) The magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer must send, together with any process served outside the United Kingdom— (a) any translation which is provided under section 3(3)(b) of the 2003 Act; and (b) any translation of the information required to be given by this rule which is provided to him. (6) In this rule, ‘process’ has the same meaning as in section 51(3) of the 2003 Act.

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49.2 Proof of service outside the United Kingdom

(1) A statement in a certificate given by or on behalf of the Secretary of State— (a) that process has been served on any person under section 4(1) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003(service of process otherwise than by post); (b) of the manner in which service was effected; and (c) of the date on which process was served; shall be admissible as evidence of any facts so stated. (2) In this rule, ‘process’ has the same meaning as in section 51(3) of the 2003 Act.

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49.3 Supply of copy of notice of request for assistance abroad

Where a request for assistance under section 7 of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 is made by a justice of the peace or a judge exercising the jurisdiction of the Crown Court and is sent in accordance with section 8(1) of the 2003 Act, the magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer shall send a copy of the letter of request to the Secretary of State as soon as practicable after the request has been made.

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49.4 Persons entitled to appear and take part in proceedings before a nominated court, and exclusion of the public

A court nominated under section 15(1) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 (nominating a court to receive evidence) may— (a) determine who may appear or take part in the proceedings under Schedule 1 to the 2003 Act before the court and whether a party to the proceedings is entitled to be legally represented; and (b) direct that the public be excluded from those proceedings if it thinks it necessary to do so in the interests of justice.

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49.5 Record of proceedings to receive evidence before a nominated court

(1) Where a court is nominated under section 15(1) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 the magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer shall enter in an overseas record— (a) details of the request in respect of which the notice under section 15(1) of the 2003 Act was given; (b) the date on which, and place at which, the proceedings under Schedule 1 to the 2003 Act in respect of that request took place; (c) the name of any witness who gave evidence at the proceedings in question; (d) the name of any person who took part in the proceedings as a legal representative or an interpreter; (e) whether a witness was required to give evidence on oath or (by virtue of section 5 of the Oaths Act 1978) after making a solemn affirmation; and (f) whether the opportunity to cross-examine any witness was refused. (2) When the court gives the evidence received by it under paragraph 6(1) of Schedule 1 to the 2003 Act to the court or authority that made the request or to the territorial authority for forwarding to the court or authority that made the request, the magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer shall send to the court, authority or territorial authority (as the case may be) a copy of an extract of so much of the overseas record as relates to the proceedings in respect of that request. [Note. As to the keeping of an overseas record, see rule 49.9.]

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49.6 Interpreter for the purposes of proceedings involving a television or telephone link

(1) This rule applies where a court is nominated under section 30(3) (hearing witnesses in the UK through television links) or section 31(4) (hearing witnesses in the UK by telephone) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003. (2) Where it appears to the justices’ legal adviser or the Crown Court officer that the witness to be heard in the proceedings under Part 1 or 2 of Schedule 2 to the 2003 Act (‘the relevant proceedings’) is likely to give evidence in a language other than English, he shall make arrangements for an interpreter to be present at the proceedings to translate what is said into English. (3) Where it appears to the justices’ legal adviser or the Crown Court officer that the witness to be heard in the relevant proceedings is likely to give evidence in a language other than that in which the proceedings of the court referred to in section 30(1) or, as the case may be, 31(1) of the 2003 Act (‘the external court’) will be conducted, he shall make arrangements for an interpreter to be present at the relevant proceedings to translate what is said into the language in which the proceedings of the external court will be conducted. (4) Where the evidence in the relevant proceedings is either given in a language other than English or is not translated into English by an interpreter, the court shall adjourn the proceedings until such time as an interpreter can be present to provide a translation into English. (5) Where a court in Wales understands Welsh— (a) paragraph (2) does not apply where it appears to the justices’ legal adviser or Crown Court officer that the witness in question is likely to give evidence in Welsh; (b) paragraph (4) does not apply where the evidence is given in Welsh; and (c) any translation which is provided pursuant to paragraph (2) or (4) may be into Welsh instead of English.

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49.7 Record of television link hearing before a nominated court

(1) This rule applies where a court is nominated under section 30(3) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003. (2) The magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer shall enter in an overseas record— (a) details of the request in respect of which the notice under section 30(3) of the 2003 Act was given; (b) the date on which, and place at which, the proceedings under Part 1 of Schedule 2 to that Act in respect of that request took place; (c) the technical conditions, such as the type of equipment used, under which the proceedings took place; (d) the name of the witness who gave evidence; (e) the name of any person who took part in the proceedings as a legal representative or an interpreter; and (f) the language in which the evidence was given. (3) As soon as practicable after the proceedings under Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the 2003 Act took place, the magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer shall send to the external authority that made the request a copy of an extract of so much of the overseas record as relates to the proceedings in respect of that request. [Note. As to the keeping of an overseas record, see rule 49.9.]

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49.8 Record of telephone link hearing before a nominated court

(1) This rule applies where a court is nominated under section 31(4) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003. (2) The magistrates’ court or Crown Court officer shall enter in an overseas record— (a) details of the request in respect of which the notice under section 31(4) of the 2003 Act was given; (b) the date, time and place at which the proceedings under Part 2 of Schedule 2 to the 2003 Act took place; (c) the name of the witness who gave evidence; (d) the name of any interpreter who acted at the proceedings; and (e) the language in which the evidence was given. [Note. As to the keeping of an overseas record, see rule 49.9.]

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49.9 Overseas record

(1) The overseas records of a magistrates’ court shall be part of the register (within the meaning of section 150(1) of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980). (2) The overseas records of any court shall not be open to inspection by any person except— (a) as authorised by the Secretary of State; or (b) with the leave of the court. [Note. As to the making of court records, see rule 5.4.]

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49.10 Overseas freezing orders

(1) This rule applies where a court is nominated under section 21(1) of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 to give effect to an overseas freezing order. (2) Where the Secretary of State serves a copy of such an order on the court officer— (a) the general rule is that the court must consider the order no later than the next business day; but (b) exceptionally, the court may consider the order later than that, though not more than 5business days after service. (3) The court must not consider the order unless— (a) it is satisfied that the chief officer of police for the area in which the evidence is situated has had notice of the order; and (b) that chief officer of police has had an opportunity to make representations, at a hearing if that officer wants. (4) The court may consider the order— (a) without a hearing; or (b) at a hearing, in public or in private. [Note. Under sections 20, 21 and 22 of the Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003, a court nominated by the Secretary of State must consider an order, made by a court or other authority in a country outside the United Kingdom, the purpose of which is to protect evidence in the United Kingdom which may be used in proceedings or an investigation in that other country pending the transfer of that evidence to that country. The court may decide not to give effect to such an order only if— (a) were the person whose conduct is in question to be charged with the offence to which the order relates, a previous conviction or acquittal would entitle that person to be discharged; or (b) giving effect to the order would be incompatible with a Convention right, within the meaning of the Human Rights Act 1998.]

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49.11 Overseas forfeiture orders

(1) This rule applies where— (a) the Crown Court can— (i) make a restraint order under article 5 of the Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 (Enforcement of Overseas Forfeiture Orders) Order 2005, or (ii) give effect to an external forfeiture order under article 19 of that Order; (b) the Director of Public Prosecutions or the Director of the Serious Fraud Office receives— (i) a request for the restraint of property to which article 3 of the 2005 Order applies, or (ii) a request to give effect to an external forfeiture order to which article 15 of the Order applies; and (c) the Director wants the Crown Court to— (i) make such a restraint order, or (ii) give effect to such a forfeiture order. (2) The Director must— (a) apply in writing; (b) serve the application on the court officer; and (c) serve the application on the defendant and on any other person affected by the order, unless the court is satisfied that— (i) the application is urgent, or (ii) there are reasonable grounds for believing that to give notice of the application would cause the dissipation of the property which is the subject of the application. (3) The application must— (a) identify the property the subject of the application; (b) identify the person who is or who may become the subject of such a forfeiture order; (c) explain how the requirements of the 2005 Order are satisfied, as the case may be— (i) for making a restraint order, or (ii) for giving effect to a forfeiture order; (d) where the application is to give effect to a forfeiture order, include an application to appoint the Director as the enforcement authority; and (e) propose the terms of the Crown Court order. (4) If the court allows the application, it must— (a) where it decides to make a restraint order— (i) specify the property the subject of the order, (ii) specify the person or persons who are prohibited from dealing with that property, (iii) specify any exception to that prohibition, and (iv) include any ancillary order that the court believes is appropriate to ensure that the restraint order is effective; and (b) where it decides to give effect to a forfeiture order, exercise its power to— (i) direct the registration of the order as an order of the Crown Court, (ii) give directions for notice of the order to be given to any person affected by it, and (iii) appoint the applicant Director as the enforcement authority. (5) Paragraph (6) applies where a person affected by an order, or the Director, wants the court to vary or discharge a restraint order or cancel the registration of a forfeiture order. (6) Such a person must— (a) apply in writing as soon as practicable after becoming aware of the grounds for doing so; (b) serve the application on the court officer and, as applicable— (i) the other party, and (ii) any other person who will or may be affected; (c) explain why it is appropriate, as the case may be— (i) for the restraint order to be varied or discharged, or (ii) for the registration of the forfeiture order to be cancelled; (d) propose the terms of any variation; and (e) ask for a hearing, if one is wanted, and explain why it is needed. (7) The court may— (a) consider an application (i) at a hearing, which must be in private unless the court otherwise directs, or (ii) without a hearing; and (b) allow an application to be made orally. [Note. Under article 19 of the Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 (Enforcement of Overseas Forfeiture Orders) Order 2005, on the application of the Director of Public Prosecutions or the Director of the Serious Fraud Office the Crown Court may give effect to an order made by a court in a country outside the United Kingdom for the forfeiture and destruction, or other disposal, of any property in respect of which an offence has been committed in that country, or which was used or intended for use in connection with the commission of such an offence (described in the Order as an ‘external forfeiture order’). Under article 5 of the 2005 Order, on the application of the Director of Public Prosecutions or the Director of the Serious Fraud Office the Crown Court may make a restraint order prohibiting any specified person from dealing with property, for the purpose of facilitating the enforcement of such a forfeiture order which has yet to be made.]

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50.1 When this Part applies

(1) This Part applies to extradition under Part 1 or Part 2 of the Extradition Act 2003. (2) Section 2 of this Part applies to proceedings in a magistrates’ court, and in that Section— (a) rules 50.3 to 50.7, 50.15 and 50.16 apply to extradition under Part 1 of the Act; and (b) rules 50.3, 50.4 and 50.8 to 50.16 apply to extradition under Part 2 of the Act. (3) Section 3 of this Part applies where— (a) a party wants to appeal to the High Court against an order by the magistrates’ court or by the Secretary of State; and (b) a party to an appeal to the High Court wants to appeal further to the Supreme Court under— (i) section 32 of the Act (appeal under Part 1 of the Act), or (ii) section 114 of the Act (appeal under Part 2 of the Act). (4) Section 4 of this Part applies to proceedings in a magistrates’ court under— (a) sections 54 and 55 of the Act (Request for consent to other offence being dealt with; Questions for decision at consent hearing); and (b) sections 56 and 57 of the Act (Request for consent to further extradition to category 1 territory; Questions for decision at consent hearing). (5) In this Part, and for the purposes of this Part in other rules— (a) ‘magistrates’ court’ means a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts) exercising the powers to which Section 2 of this Part applies; (b) ‘presenting officer’ means an officer of the National Crime Agency, a police officer, a prosecutor or other person representing an authority or territory seeking the extradition of a defendant; and (c) ‘defendant’ means a person arrested under Part 1 or Part 2 of the Extradition Act 2003. [Note. The Extradition Act 2003 provides for the extradition of a person accused or convicted of a crime to the territory within which that person is accused, was convicted or is to serve a sentence. Under Part 1 of the Act (sections 1 to 68), the magistrates’ court may give effect to a warrant for arrest issued by an authority in a territory designated for the purposes of that Part. Under Part 2 of the Act (sections 69 to 141), the magistrates’ court and the Secretary of State may give effect to a request for extradition made under a treaty between the United Kingdom and the requesting territory. Under sections 67 and 139 of the Extradition Act 2003, a District Judge (Magistrates’ Courts) must be designated for the purposes of the Act to exercise the powers to which Section 2 of this Part applies. There are rights of appeal to the High Court from decisions of the magistrates’ court and of the Secretary of State: see Section 3 of this Part.]

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50.2 Special objective in extradition proceedings

When exercising a power to which this Part applies, as well as furthering the overriding objective, in accordance with rule 1.3, the court must have regard to the importance of— (a) mutual confidence and recognition between judicial authorities in the United Kingdom and in requesting territories; and (b) the conduct of extradition proceedings in accordance with international obligations, including obligations to deal swiftly with extradition requests.

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50.3 Exercise of magistrates’ court’s powers

(1) The general rule is that the magistrates’ court must exercise its powers at a hearing in public, but— (a) that is subject to any power the court has to— (i) impose reporting restrictions, (ii) withhold information from the public, or (iii) order a hearing in private; and (b) despite the general rule the court may, without a hearing— (i) give any directions to which rule 50.4 applies (Case management in the magistrates’ court and duty of court officer), or (ii) determine an application which these Rules allow to be determined by a magistrates’ court without a hearing in a case to which this Part does not apply. (2) If the court so directs, a person must attend a hearing by live link. (3) Where the defendant is absent from a hearing— (a) the general rule is that the court must proceed as if the defendant— (i) were present, and (ii) opposed extradition on any ground of which the court has been made aware; (b) the general rule does not apply if the defendant is under 18; (c) the general rule is subject to the court being satisfied that— (i) the defendant had reasonable notice of where and when the hearing would take place, (ii) the defendant has been made aware that the hearing might proceed in his or her absence, and (iii) there is no good reason for the defendant’s absence; and (d) the general rule does not apply but the court may exercise its powers in the defendant’s absence where— (i) the court discharges the defendant, (ii) the defendant is represented and the defendant’s presence is impracticable by reason of his or her ill health or disorderly conduct, or (iii) on an application under rule 50.32 (Application for consent to deal with another offence or for consent to further extradition), the defendant is represented or the defendant’s presence is impracticable by reason of his or her detention in the territory to which he or she has been extradited. (4) The court may exercise its power to adjourn— (a) if either party asks, or on its own initiative; and (b) in particular— (i) to allow there to be obtained information that the court requires, (ii) following a provisional arrest under Part 1 of the Extradition Act 2003, pending receipt of the warrant, (iii) following a provisional arrest with a warrant under Part 2 of the Act, pending receipt of the extradition request, (iv) following a provisional arrest without a warrant under Part 2 of the Act, pending receipt of evidence or information required by the court, (v) if the court is informed that the defendant is serving a custodial sentence in the United Kingdom, (vi) if it appears to the court that the defendant is not fit to be extradited, unless the court discharges the defendant for that reason, (vii) where a court dealing with a warrant to which Part 1 of the Act applies is informed that another such warrant has been received in the United Kingdom, (viii) where a court dealing with a warrant to which Part 1 of the Act applies is informed of a request for the temporary transfer of the defendant to the territory to which the defendant’s extradition is sought, or a request for the defendant to speak to the authorities of that territory, or (ix) during a hearing to which rule 50.32 applies (Application for consent to deal with another offence or for consent to further extradition). (5) The court must exercise its power to adjourn if informed that the defendant has been charged with an offence in the United Kingdom. (6) The general rule is that, before exercising a power to which this Part applies, the court must give each party an opportunity to make representations, unless that party is absent without good reason. (7) The court may— (a) shorten a time limit or extend it (even after it has expired), unless that is inconsistent with other legislation; (b) direct that a notice or application be served on any person; and (c) allow a notice or application to be in a different form to one issued under the Practice Direction, or to be presented orally. (8) A party who wants an extension of time within which to serve a notice or make an application must— (a) apply for that extension of time when serving that notice or making that application; and (b) give the reasons for the application for an extension of time. [Note. See sections 8A, 8B, 9, 21B, 22, 23, 25 and 44 of the Extradition Act 2003 (powers in relation to extradition under Part 1 of the Act) and sections 76A, 76B, 77, 88, 89 and 91 of the Act (powers in relation to extradition under Part 2 of the Act). Under sections 9 and 77 of the Act, at the extradition hearing the court has the same powers (as nearly as may be) as a magistrates’ court would have if the proceedings were the summary trial of an allegation against the defendant: see also rule 24.12(3) (Trial and sentence in a magistrates’ court; procedure where the defendant is absent). Under sections 206A to 206C of the 2003 Act, the court may require a person to attend a hearing by live link. See also rules 3.35 to 3.39 about live links. Part 6 contains rules about reporting and access restrictions. Part 14 contains rules about bail. Rules 14.2(3) and 14.7(7)(c) allow an application to be determined without a hearing in the circumstances to which those rules apply. The principal time limits are prescribed by the Extradition Act 2003: see rule 50.16.]

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50.4 Case management in the magistrates’ court and duty of court officer

(1) The magistrates’ court and the parties have the same duties and powers as under Part3 (Case management), subject to— (a) rule 50.2 (Special objective in extradition proceedings); and (b) paragraph (2) of this rule. (2) Rule 3.6 (Application to vary a direction) does not apply to a decision to extradite or discharge. (3) Where this rule applies, active case management by the court includes— (a) if the court requires information from the authorities in the requesting territory— (i) nominating a court officer, the designated authority which certified the arrest warrant where Part 1 of the Extradition Act 2003 Act applies, a party or other person to convey that request to those authorities, and (ii) in a case in which the terms of that request need to be prepared in accordance with directions by the court, giving such directions accordingly; and (b) giving such directions as are required where, under section 21B of the Extradition Act 2003, the parties agree— (i) to the temporary transfer of the defendant to the requesting territory, or (ii) that the defendant should speak with representatives of an authority in that territory. (4) Where this rule applies, active assistance by the parties includes— (a) applying for any direction needed as soon as reasonably practicable; and (b) concisely explaining the reasons for any application for the court to direct— (i) the preparation of a request to which paragraph (3)(a) applies, or (ii) the making of arrangements to which paragraph (3)(b) applies. (5) Where this rule applies, active assistance by the presenting officer includes— (a) taking reasonable steps to ensure that the defendant will be able to understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) what is alleged by the warrant, if Part 1 of the 2003 Act applies, or (ii) the content of the extradition request, if Part 2 of the Act applies; and (b) providing in writing identification of the equivalent offence or offences under the law of England and Wales for the conduct being relied on if— (i) this is raised for the defence as an issue and the court considers it necessary to identify the equivalent offence or offences in writing, or (ii) the defendant is not represented. (6) The court officer must— (a) as soon as practicable, serve notice of the court’s decision to extradite or discharge— (i) on the defendant, (ii) on the designated authority which certified the arrest warrant, where Part 1 of the 2003 Act applies, and (iii) on the Secretary of State, where Part 2 of the Act applies; and (b) give the court such assistance as it requires. [Note. Part 3 contains rules about case management which apply at an extradition hearing and during preparation for that hearing. This rule must be read in conjunction with those rules. Under section 21B of the Extradition Act 2003 (Request for temporary transfer etc.), where Part 1 of the Act applies, and in the circumstances described in that section, the parties may agree to the defendant’s temporary transfer to the requesting territory, or may agree that the defendant will speak to representatives of an investigating, prosecuting or judicial authority in that territory. On the making by a party of a request to such effect the court must if necessary adjourn the proceedings for 7 days while the other party considers it. If the parties then agree to proceed with the proposed transfer or discussion the court must adjourn the proceedings for however long seems necessary.]

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50.5 Preliminary hearing after arrest

(1) This rule applies where the defendant is first brought before the court after— (a) arrest under a warrant to which Part 1 of the Extradition Act 2003 applies; or (b) provisional arrest under Part 1 of the Act. (2) The presenting officer must— (a) serve on the court officer— (i) the arrest warrant, and (ii) a certificate, given by the authority designated by the Secretary of State, that the warrant was issued by an authority having the function of issuing such warrants in the territory to which the defendant’s extradition is sought; or (b) apply at once for an extension of time within which to serve that warrant and that certificate. (3) An application under paragraph (2)(b) must— (a) explain why the requirement to serve the warrant and certificate at once could not reasonably be complied with; and (b) include— (i) any written material in support of that explanation, and (ii) representations about bail pending service of those documents. (4) When the presenting officer serves the warrant and certificate, in the following sequence the court must— (a) decide whether the defendant is the person in respect of whom the warrant was issued; (b) explain, in terms the defendant can understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) the allegation made in the warrant, and (ii) that the defendant may consent to extradition, and how that may be done and with what effect; (c) give directions for an extradition hearing to begin— (i) no more than 21 days after the defendant’s arrest, or (ii) if either party so applies, at such a later date as the court decides is in the interests of justice; (d) consider any ancillary application, including an application about bail pending the extradition hearing; and (e) give such directions as are required for the preparation and conduct of the extradition hearing. [Note. See sections 4, 6, 7 and 8 of the Extradition Act 2003. Under section 6 of the Act, following a provisional arrest pending receipt of a warrant the defendant must be brought before the court within 48 hours, and the warrant and certificate must be served within that same period. If they are not so served, the court may extend the time for service by a further 48 hours. Under section 45 of the Act, a defendant’s consent to extradition must be given before the court, must be recorded in writing, and is irrevocable. Consent may not be given unless the defendant has a legal representative with him or her when giving consent, or the defendant has failed or refused to apply for legal aid, or legal aid has been refused or withdrawn. Part 14 contains rules about bail.]

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50.6 Extradition hearing

(1) This rule applies at the extradition hearing arranged by the court under rule 50.5. (2) In the following sequence, the court must decide— (a) whether the offence specified in the warrant is an extradition offence; (b) whether a bar to extradition applies, namely— (i) the rule against double jeopardy, (ii) absence of prosecution decision, (iii) extraneous considerations, (iv) the passage of time, (v) the defendant’s age, (vi) speciality, (vii) earlier extradition or transfer to the United Kingdom, or (viii) forum; (c) where the warrant alleges that the defendant is unlawfully at large after conviction, whether conviction was in the defendant’s presence and if not— (i) whether the defendant was absent deliberately, and (ii) if the defendant was not absent deliberately, whether the defendant would be entitled to a retrial (or to a review of the conviction, amounting to a retrial); (d) whether extradition would be— (i) compatible with the defendant’s human rights, and (ii) proportionate; (e) whether it would be unjust or oppressive to extradite the defendant because of his or her physical or mental condition; (f) after deciding each of (a) to (e) above, before progressing to the next, whether to order the defendant’s discharge; and (g) whether to order the temporary transfer of the defendant to the territory to which the defendant’s extradition is sought. (3) If the court discharges the defendant, the court must consider any ancillary application, including an application about— (a) reporting restrictions; or (b) costs. (4) If the court does not discharge the defendant, the court must— (a) exercise its power to order the defendant’s extradition; (b) explain, in terms the defendant can understand (with help, if necessary), that the defendant may appeal to the High Court within the next 7 days; and (c) consider any ancillary application, including an application about— (i) bail pending extradition, (ii) reporting restrictions, or (iii) costs. (5) If the court orders the defendant’s extradition, the court must order its postponement where— (a) the defendant has been charged with an offence in the United Kingdom; or (b) the defendant has been sentenced to imprisonment or detention in the United Kingdom. [Note. See sections 10, 11, 20, 21, 21B, 25, 26, 36A, 36B, 64 and 65 of the Extradition Act 2003. Part 6 contains rules about reporting restrictions. Part 45 contains rules about costs.]

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50.7 Discharge where warrant withdrawn

(1) This rule applies where the authority that certified the warrant gives the court officer notice that the warrant has been withdrawn— (a) after the start of the hearing under rule 50.5; and (b) before the court orders the defendant’s extradition or discharge. (2) The court must exercise its power to discharge the defendant. [Note. See section 41 of the Extradition Act 2003.]

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50.8 Issue of arrest warrant

(1) This rule applies where the Secretary of State serves on the court officer— (a) an extradition request to which Part 2 of the Extradition Act 2003 applies; (b) a certificate given by the Secretary of State that the request was received in the way approved for the request; and (c) a copy of any Order in Council which applies to the request. (2) In the following sequence, the court must decide— (a) whether the offence in respect of which extradition is requested is an extradition offence; and (b) whether there is sufficient evidence, or (where the Secretary of State has so ordered, for this purpose) information, to justify the issue of a warrant of arrest. (3) The court may issue an arrest warrant— (a) without giving the parties an opportunity to make representations; and (b) without a hearing, or at a hearing in public or in private. [Note. See sections 70, 71, 137 and 138 of the Extradition Act 2003.]

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50.9 Preliminary hearing after arrest

(1) This rule applies where a defendant is first brought before the court after arrest under a warrant to which rule 50.8 applies. (2) In the following sequence, the court must— (a) explain, in terms the defendant can understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) the content of the extradition request, and (ii) that the defendant may consent to extradition, and how that may be done and with what effect; (b) arrange for an extradition hearing to begin— (i) no more than 2 months later, or (ii) if either party so applies, at such a later date as the court decides is in the interests of justice; (c) consider any ancillary application, including an application about bail pending the extradition hearing; and (d) give any direction as is appropriate to the needs of the case about the introduction of evidence at the extradition hearing. [Note. See sections 72 and 75 of the Extradition Act 2003. Under section 127 of the 2003 Act a defendant’s consent to extradition must be given before the court, must be recorded in writing, and is irrevocable. Consent may not be given unless the defendant has a legal representative with him or her when giving consent, or the defendant has failed or refused to apply for legal aid, or legal aid has been refused or withdrawn. Part 14 contains rules about bail.]

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50.10 Issue of provisional arrest warrant

(1) This rule applies where a presenting officer wants a justice of the peace to issue a provisional arrest warrant under Part 2 of the Extradition Act 2003, pending receipt of an extradition request. (2) The presenting officer must— (a) serve an application for a warrant on the court officer; and (b) verify that application on oath or affirmation. (3) In the following sequence, the justice must decide— (a) whether the alleged offence is an extradition offence; and (b) whether there is sufficient evidence, or (where the Secretary of State has so ordered, for this purpose) information, to justify the issue of a warrant of arrest. [Note. See sections 73, 137 and 138 of the Extradition Act 2003.]

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50.11 Preliminary hearing after provisional arrest

(1) This rule applies where a defendant is first brought before the court after arrest— (a) under a provisional arrest warrant to which rule 50.10 applies; or (b) under section 74A of the Extradition Act 2003, without a warrant. (2) Where paragraph (1)(b) applies the court must first— (a) on the basis of such evidence or information as is produced to the court, decide whether a warrant to which rule 50.10 applies would be issued if the defendant were not already under arrest; and (b) if no such warrant would be issued, order the defendant’s discharge. (3) Unless the court orders the defendant’s discharge under paragraph (2), the court must— (a) explain, in terms the defendant can understand (with help, if necessary)— (i) the allegation in respect of which the defendant has been arrested, and (ii) that the defendant may consent to extradition, and how that may be done and with what effect; and (b) consider any ancillary application, including an application about bail pending receipt of the extradition request. [Note. See sections 74, 74A, 74B, 74C, 74D and 74E of the Extradition Act 2003. Under section 127 of the Act, a defendant’s consent to extradition must be given before the court, must be recorded in writing, and is irrevocable. Consent may not be given unless the defendant has a legal representative with him or her when giving consent, or the defendant has failed or refused to apply for legal aid, or legal aid has been refused or withdrawn.]

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50.12 Arrangement of extradition hearing after provisional arrest

(1) This rule applies when the Secretary of State serves on the court officer— (a) a request for extradition in respect of which a defendant has been arrested— (i) under a provisional arrest warrant to which rule 50.10 applies, or (ii) under section 74A of the Extradition Act 2003, without a warrant; (b) a certificate given by the Secretary of State that the request was received in the way approved for the request; and (c) a copy of any Order in Council which applies to the request. (2) Unless a time limit for service of the request has expired, the court must— (a) give directions for an extradition hearing to begin— (i) no more than 2 months after service of the request, or (ii) if either party so applies, at such a later date as the court decides is in the interests of justice; (b) consider any ancillary application, including an application about bail pending the extradition hearing; and (c) give such directions as are required for the preparation and conduct of the extradition hearing. [Note. See section 76 of the Extradition Act 2003.]

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