Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2024

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2024's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$2.2T · 46.8% of GDP
Spending
$2.32T · 49.4% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$128.96B · -2.8% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2024: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2024: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection41.3$955.95B
Health15.4$356.38B
General public services13$300.79B
Economic affairs11$253.88B
Education9.1$210.62B
Public order and safety3.3$76.48B
Defence2.7$63.41B
Recreation, culture and religion2.1$49.77B
Environmental protection1.1$26.55B
Housing and community amenities1$22.19B
Social protection$955.95B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age48.4$462.43B
Sickness and disability16.3$155.79B
Family and children9.5$90.67B
Survivors9.2$87.51B
Unemployment8.1$77.65B
Social protection n.e.c.3.3$31.87B
Social exclusion n.e.c.3$29.02B
Housing2.2$20.79B
R&D Social protection0$235.96M
Health$356.38B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services37.6$133.84B
Outpatient services29.9$106.57B
Medical products, appliances and equipment23.2$82.81B
Health n.e.c.7$24.82B
Public health services1.2$4.32B
R&D Health1.1$4.02B
General public services$300.79B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs32.2$96.74B
General services23.9$71.76B
Public debt transactions17.7$53.34B
Basic research15.5$46.71B
Foreign economic aid7.9$23.68B
General public services n.e.c.2.6$7.83B
R&D General public services0.2$724.13M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$253.88B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport49.3$125.23B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs15.6$39.73B
Fuel and energy13.2$33.47B
R&D Economic affairs5.3$13.41B
Other industries4.3$11.04B
Economic affairs n.e.c.4.2$10.73B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting3.9$9.8B
Mining, manufacturing and construction3.2$8.18B
Communication0.9$2.3B
Education$210.62B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education34.6$72.88B
Pre-primary and primary education33.2$69.98B
Tertiary education17.4$36.65B
Subsidiary services to education9.5$20.07B
Education not definable by level1.9$3.95B
Education n.e.c.1.5$3.22B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.5$3.21B
R&D Education0.3$663.51M
Public order and safety$76.48B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services46.1$35.27B
Law courts22.9$17.51B
Fire-protection services19.4$14.87B
Prisons6$4.61B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5.4$4.16B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$61.7M
Defence$63.41B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence76.6$48.6B
Foreign military aid20.1$12.74B
R&D Defence2.1$1.35B
Defence n.e.c.0.7$427.55M
Civil defence0.5$292.25M
Recreation, culture and religion$49.77B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services39.3$19.57B
Recreational and sporting services26.3$13.07B
Broadcasting and publishing services25$12.45B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion5$2.5B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.3$1.15B
Religious and other community services2.1$1.03B
Environmental protection$26.55B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management29.8$7.9B
Pollution abatement22.1$5.86B
Waste water management22$5.84B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape10.2$2.72B
Environmental protection n.e.c.8.5$2.25B
R&D Environmental protection7.4$1.97B
Housing and community amenities$22.19B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Community development44.7$9.92B
Housing development28.7$6.37B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.15.3$3.39B
Water supply7.8$1.72B
Street lighting2.4$523.88M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.2$263.02M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2024: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2024: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions37.3$819.11B
Taxes on income and wealth27.3$599.06B
Taxes on sales, production and imports21.9$480.26B
Sales, fees and charges9.2$202.54B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.7$36.42B
Other transfers received1.6$34.06B
Capital transfers and taxes received1.1$23.78B
Subsidies received0$252.2M
Taxes on income and wealth$599.06B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income97$581.01B
Other taxes on wealth and income3$18.05B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$480.26B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax67.3$323.38B
Not broken down, or fitting no category32.7$156.88B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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