Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2017

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2017's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.73T · 45.8% of GDP
Spending
$1.68T · 44.5% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
$50.35B · 1.3% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2017: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2017: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection42.7$716.49B
Health15.7$262.84B
General public services12.7$213.01B
Economic affairs9.8$164.77B
Education9.2$154.28B
Public order and safety3.4$57.04B
Defence2.2$37.39B
Recreation, culture and religion2.2$37.33B
Environmental protection1.2$20.08B
Housing and community amenities0.8$13.86B
Social protection$716.49B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age48.5$347.73B
Sickness and disability16$114.84B
Survivors9.5$68.33B
Family and children8.8$63.01B
Unemployment8.2$58.99B
Social protection n.e.c.3.7$26.61B
Social exclusion n.e.c.3.3$23.94B
Housing1.8$12.92B
R&D Social protection0$116.36M
Health$262.84B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services38.5$101.08B
Outpatient services30.2$79.26B
Medical products, appliances and equipment22.6$59.28B
Health n.e.c.6.9$18.05B
R&D Health1.1$2.85B
Public health services0.9$2.33B
General public services$213.01B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs32.4$68.94B
General services20.4$43.51B
Public debt transactions19.8$42.14B
Basic research16.7$35.47B
Foreign economic aid8.5$18.07B
General public services n.e.c.2.1$4.41B
R&D General public services0.2$469.96M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$164.77B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport47.3$77.92B
Fuel and energy19.6$32.27B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs11.5$18.93B
R&D Economic affairs5.5$9B
Economic affairs n.e.c.4.6$7.56B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.3$7.02B
Other industries3.6$5.87B
Mining, manufacturing and construction3.5$5.7B
Communication0.3$515.14M
Education$154.28B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education36.9$56.99B
Pre-primary and primary education30.7$47.36B
Tertiary education19.4$29.99B
Subsidiary services to education7.8$12.05B
Education not definable by level2.1$3.3B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$2.63B
Education n.e.c.1$1.6B
R&D Education0.2$358.11M
Public order and safety$57.04B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services48.1$27.47B
Law courts24.7$14.11B
Fire-protection services15.9$9.05B
Prisons6.2$3.51B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5$2.87B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$32.76M
Defence$37.39B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence88$32.89B
Foreign military aid7.9$2.94B
R&D Defence3$1.13B
Defence n.e.c.0.8$307.28M
Civil defence0.3$122.01M
Recreation, culture and religion$37.33B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services37.5$14.02B
Broadcasting and publishing services28.6$10.68B
Recreational and sporting services24.1$8.98B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion5.3$1.97B
Religious and other community services2.3$849.53M
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.2$838.24M
Environmental protection$20.08B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management29.7$5.97B
Pollution abatement27.1$5.45B
Waste water management19.5$3.92B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape9$1.81B
R&D Environmental protection7.5$1.51B
Environmental protection n.e.c.7.1$1.42B
Housing and community amenities$13.86B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Community development50.2$6.95B
Housing development19.5$2.7B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.16.7$2.31B
Water supply7.9$1.1B
Street lighting3.9$534.35M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.8$253.05M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2017: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2017: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions35.9$620.75B
Taxes on income and wealth27.6$476.06B
Taxes on sales, production and imports24.3$420B
Sales, fees and charges8.6$148.29B
Other transfers received1.6$27.75B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.2$21.45B
Capital transfers and taxes received0.7$12.93B
Subsidies received0$225.94M
Taxes on income and wealth$476.06B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income96.5$459.46B
Other taxes on wealth and income3.5$16.6B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$420B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax60.9$255.97B
Not broken down, or fitting no category39.1$164.03B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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