Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2008

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2008's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.68T · 44.1% of GDP
Spending
$1.69T · 44.4% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$10.01B · -0.3% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2008: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2008: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection41.6$704.04B
General public services14.7$248.95B
Health14.3$242.54B
Economic affairs9.9$168.33B
Education8.8$148.64B
Public order and safety3.3$55.44B
Recreation, culture and religion2.5$41.8B
Defence2.1$36.03B
Housing and community amenities1.6$27.07B
Environmental protection1.1$19.01B
Social protection$704.04B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age49.4$347.98B
Sickness and disability13.6$95.63B
Unemployment11.5$80.8B
Survivors10.2$71.53B
Family and children7.5$52.53B
Social protection n.e.c.4$28.25B
Housing2.4$16.65B
Social exclusion n.e.c.1.5$10.58B
R&D Social protection0$92.66M
General public services$248.95B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Public debt transactions41.5$103.33B
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs26.3$65.41B
General services14.8$36.78B
Basic research11.7$29.22B
Foreign economic aid4$10.03B
General public services n.e.c.1.5$3.78B
R&D General public services0.2$400.06M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Health$242.54B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services39$94.53B
Outpatient services28.9$70.07B
Medical products, appliances and equipment23.9$57.91B
Health n.e.c.6.8$16.58B
R&D Health1$2.33B
Public health services0.5$1.12B
Economic affairs$168.33B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport45.5$76.65B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs20.3$34.24B
Fuel and energy11.2$18.9B
Mining, manufacturing and construction5.9$9.9B
Economic affairs n.e.c.4.9$8.2B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.7$7.92B
Other industries3.9$6.55B
R&D Economic affairs3.2$5.31B
Communication0.4$664.8M
Education$148.64B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education42.1$62.56B
Pre-primary and primary education26.3$39.05B
Tertiary education21$31.25B
Subsidiary services to education4.5$6.66B
Education not definable by level2.9$4.29B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$2.58B
Education n.e.c.1.3$1.99B
R&D Education0.2$260.33M
Public order and safety$55.44B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services47.4$26.29B
Law courts27.2$15.07B
Fire-protection services13.7$7.58B
Prisons6.7$3.72B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5$2.75B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$27.95M
Recreation, culture and religion$41.8B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services32.5$13.59B
Broadcasting and publishing services30.8$12.87B
Recreational and sporting services26.9$11.23B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion4.3$1.82B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.3.2$1.35B
Religious and other community services2.3$948.67M
Defence$36.03B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence87.5$31.54B
Foreign military aid6.2$2.22B
R&D Defence4.4$1.59B
Defence n.e.c.1.4$503.01M
Civil defence0.5$175.03M
Housing and community amenities$27.07B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Housing development49.6$13.42B
Community development28.7$7.76B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.11.6$3.14B
Street lighting5.1$1.38B
Water supply4.3$1.16B
R&D Housing and community amenities0.8$207.38M
Environmental protection$19.01B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management32.3$6.15B
Waste water management31$5.9B
Pollution abatement14.9$2.84B
Environmental protection n.e.c.8.7$1.65B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape7.7$1.47B
R&D Environmental protection5.3$1B

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2008: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2008: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions36.1$606.78B
Taxes on income and wealth27.5$461.88B
Taxes on sales, production and imports24.8$416.7B
Sales, fees and charges7.4$125.16B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.8$30.94B
Other transfers received1.5$25.65B
Capital transfers and taxes received0.8$13.89B
Subsidies received0$816.29M
Taxes on income and wealth$461.88B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income95.6$441.57B
Other taxes on wealth and income4.4$20.3B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$416.7B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax62.1$258.67B
Not broken down, or fitting no category37.9$158.03B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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