Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2009

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2009's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.57T · 45.1% of GDP
Spending
$1.68T · 48.3% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$110.48B · -3.2% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2009: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2009: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection42.1$706.64B
Health14.5$243.48B
General public services13.9$233.67B
Economic affairs10.3$173.1B
Education8.9$148.87B
Public order and safety3.3$54.88B
Recreation, culture and religion2.4$40.58B
Defence2.2$36.67B
Housing and community amenities1.4$22.86B
Environmental protection1.2$19.74B
Social protection$706.64B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age48$339.46B
Sickness and disability13.6$96.41B
Unemployment12.8$90.36B
Survivors9.8$69.24B
Family and children8$56.29B
Social protection n.e.c.3.9$27.55B
Housing2.4$17.26B
Social exclusion n.e.c.1.4$9.98B
R&D Social protection0$96.24M
Health$243.48B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services39$94.92B
Outpatient services28.9$70.27B
Medical products, appliances and equipment23.8$57.91B
Health n.e.c.6.7$16.25B
R&D Health1$2.46B
Public health services0.7$1.68B
General public services$233.67B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Public debt transactions40.5$94.7B
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs24.7$57.7B
General services15.6$36.56B
Basic research13$30.37B
Foreign economic aid4.1$9.61B
General public services n.e.c.1.8$4.3B
R&D General public services0.2$437.97M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$173.1B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport42.7$73.87B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs22.9$39.59B
Fuel and energy11.6$20.07B
Mining, manufacturing and construction5.3$9.23B
Economic affairs n.e.c.5.1$8.78B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.3$7.47B
R&D Economic affairs4.3$7.38B
Other industries3.4$5.92B
Communication0.5$792.25M
Education$148.87B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education39.1$58.25B
Pre-primary and primary education25.9$38.54B
Tertiary education20.8$30.95B
Subsidiary services to education8.3$12.37B
Education not definable by level2.7$4.06B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$2.5B
Education n.e.c.1.3$1.91B
R&D Education0.2$284.54M
Public order and safety$54.88B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services47.3$25.98B
Law courts26.7$14.66B
Fire-protection services14$7.67B
Prisons6.7$3.7B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5.2$2.84B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$37.66M
Recreation, culture and religion$40.58B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services33.4$13.56B
Broadcasting and publishing services30.7$12.47B
Recreational and sporting services26.4$10.71B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion4.6$1.86B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.7$1.09B
Religious and other community services2.2$902.44M
Defence$36.67B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence88$32.27B
Foreign military aid6$2.2B
R&D Defence4.1$1.51B
Defence n.e.c.1.3$472.84M
Civil defence0.6$225.96M
Housing and community amenities$22.86B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Housing development46.2$10.56B
Community development33.9$7.74B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.10$2.3B
Street lighting4.4$1B
Water supply4.4$998.68M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.1$262.22M
Environmental protection$19.74B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management30.5$6.02B
Waste water management27.5$5.42B
Pollution abatement20.2$3.99B
Environmental protection n.e.c.8.3$1.65B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape7.6$1.51B
R&D Environmental protection5.8$1.15B

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2009: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2009: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions36.9$579.62B
Taxes on sales, production and imports25.5$400.2B
Taxes on income and wealth25$392.43B
Sales, fees and charges8$125.74B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)2.1$32.32B
Other transfers received1.6$25.25B
Capital transfers and taxes received0.9$13.44B
Subsidies received0.1$1.01B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$400.2B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax61.9$247.85B
Not broken down, or fitting no category38.1$152.35B
Taxes on income and wealth$392.43B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income95.2$373.49B
Other taxes on wealth and income4.8$18.94B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

Change it

Think this money should be raised or spent differently? Draft it as a proposal: a proposal is evidence of support, handed to whoever decides, never law.

Propose a change to this budgetCompare one function across countries →