Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2023

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2023's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$2.09T · 45.8% of GDP
Spending
$2.2T · 48.1% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$102.71B · -2.2% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2023: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection40.6$891.44B
Health15.4$337.59B
General public services12.6$277.14B
Economic affairs12.1$266.62B
Education9.3$203.2B
Public order and safety3.3$73.27B
Defence2.6$56.97B
Recreation, culture and religion2.1$45.53B
Environmental protection1.1$25.09B
Housing and community amenities0.9$19.75B
Social protection$891.44B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age48.1$428.4B
Sickness and disability16.3$145.08B
Family and children9.6$85.26B
Survivors9.3$82.71B
Unemployment7.8$69.5B
Social protection n.e.c.3.4$30.45B
Social exclusion n.e.c.3$26.37B
Housing2.6$23.48B
R&D Social protection0$191.39M
Health$337.59B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services36.6$123.59B
Outpatient services29.4$99.35B
Medical products, appliances and equipment22.5$75.93B
Health n.e.c.8.3$28.03B
Public health services2.1$6.95B
R&D Health1.1$3.74B
General public services$277.14B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs31.6$87.58B
General services23.6$65.48B
Basic research16.7$46.29B
Public debt transactions15.7$43.52B
Foreign economic aid9.6$26.48B
General public services n.e.c.2.6$7.19B
R&D General public services0.2$594.72M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$266.62B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport43$114.69B
Fuel and energy22.4$59.81B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs13.7$36.43B
R&D Economic affairs4.6$12.23B
Economic affairs n.e.c.4.3$11.35B
Other industries3.9$10.44B
Mining, manufacturing and construction3.8$10.21B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting3.5$9.21B
Communication0.8$2.26B
Education$203.2B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education34.8$70.67B
Pre-primary and primary education32.9$66.76B
Tertiary education18$36.56B
Subsidiary services to education9.2$18.66B
Education not definable by level1.8$3.74B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.6$3.2B
Education n.e.c.1.5$3.08B
R&D Education0.3$521.19M
Public order and safety$73.27B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services46.5$34.09B
Law courts23.1$16.9B
Fire-protection services18.8$13.77B
Prisons6$4.43B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5.5$4.03B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$44.33M
Defence$56.97B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence77.6$44.2B
Foreign military aid18.7$10.64B
R&D Defence2.5$1.42B
Defence n.e.c.0.8$437.93M
Civil defence0.5$282.22M
Recreation, culture and religion$45.53B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services38.4$17.49B
Recreational and sporting services26.7$12.17B
Broadcasting and publishing services25.6$11.66B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion4.7$2.12B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.3$1.06B
Religious and other community services2.2$1.02B
Environmental protection$25.09B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management28.8$7.23B
Pollution abatement23.9$5.99B
Waste water management21.3$5.34B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape10.3$2.59B
Environmental protection n.e.c.8.6$2.17B
R&D Environmental protection7.1$1.77B
Housing and community amenities$19.75B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Community development47.3$9.34B
Housing development25.8$5.1B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.15.4$3.03B
Water supply8.1$1.59B
Street lighting2.5$484.42M
R&D Housing and community amenities1$196.8M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2023: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions36.7$768.64B
Taxes on income and wealth27.6$577.47B
Taxes on sales, production and imports22.2$463.65B
Sales, fees and charges9.1$189.77B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.7$34.83B
Other transfers received1.6$33.44B
Capital transfers and taxes received1.2$24.15B
Subsidies received0$259.51M
Taxes on income and wealth$577.47B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income97$559.92B
Other taxes on wealth and income3$17.55B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$463.65B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax68$315.15B
Not broken down, or fitting no category32$148.5B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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