Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2016

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2016's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.62T · 45.8% of GDP
Spending
$1.58T · 44.7% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
$40.11B · 1.1% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2016: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2016: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection42.8$676.57B
Health15.8$249.45B
General public services12.7$201.05B
Economic affairs9.8$155.1B
Education9.2$145.57B
Public order and safety3.4$53.42B
Recreation, culture and religion2.2$34.88B
Defence2.1$33.82B
Environmental protection1.2$19.21B
Housing and community amenities0.8$12.98B
Social protection$676.57B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age47.8$323.53B
Sickness and disability15.9$107.35B
Survivors9.5$64.56B
Family and children9$60.56B
Unemployment8.2$55.8B
Social exclusion n.e.c.4.1$27.43B
Social protection n.e.c.3.7$25.22B
Housing1.8$12.01B
R&D Social protection0$111.8M
Health$249.45B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services38.8$96.7B
Outpatient services29.9$74.64B
Medical products, appliances and equipment22.6$56.29B
Health n.e.c.6.8$16.97B
R&D Health1.1$2.66B
Public health services0.9$2.18B
General public services$201.05B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs31$62.32B
Public debt transactions22.7$45.62B
General services19.5$39.17B
Basic research16.6$33.35B
Foreign economic aid8$16.17B
General public services n.e.c.2$4.01B
R&D General public services0.2$426.16M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$155.1B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport46$71.29B
Fuel and energy19.9$30.79B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs12.8$19.81B
R&D Economic affairs5.3$8.25B
Economic affairs n.e.c.4.5$6.94B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.3$6.61B
Other industries3.6$5.62B
Mining, manufacturing and construction3.4$5.23B
Communication0.4$562.31M
Education$145.57B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education36.8$53.55B
Pre-primary and primary education30.1$43.85B
Tertiary education19.6$28.5B
Subsidiary services to education8.5$12.4B
Education not definable by level2.1$3B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$2.48B
Education n.e.c.1$1.49B
R&D Education0.2$309.93M
Public order and safety$53.42B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services47.8$25.51B
Law courts25$13.37B
Fire-protection services16$8.56B
Prisons6.2$3.31B
Public order and safety n.e.c.4.9$2.63B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$33.21M
Recreation, culture and religion$34.88B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services37.5$13.09B
Broadcasting and publishing services29.6$10.32B
Recreational and sporting services23.4$8.17B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion5.2$1.82B
Religious and other community services2.1$741.62M
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.1$733.87M
Defence$33.82B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence87$29.43B
Foreign military aid8.7$2.93B
R&D Defence3.2$1.07B
Defence n.e.c.0.8$282.26M
Civil defence0.3$114.01M
Environmental protection$19.21B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management29.8$5.73B
Waste water management24.3$4.66B
Pollution abatement23.1$4.44B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape8.6$1.65B
Environmental protection n.e.c.7.2$1.38B
R&D Environmental protection7$1.34B
Housing and community amenities$12.98B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Community development52.6$6.83B
Housing development17.5$2.27B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.16.4$2.13B
Water supply7.8$1.01B
Street lighting3.9$503.64M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.9$240.2M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2016: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2016: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions35.8$580.3B
Taxes on income and wealth27.1$439.5B
Taxes on sales, production and imports24.5$397.55B
Sales, fees and charges8.5$138.3B
Other transfers received1.5$24.97B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.4$23.32B
Capital transfers and taxes received1.1$18.01B
Subsidies received0$197.03M
Taxes on income and wealth$439.5B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income96.3$423.22B
Other taxes on wealth and income3.7$16.28B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$397.55B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax60.9$242.17B
Not broken down, or fitting no category39.1$155.39B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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