Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2001

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2001's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$875.56B · 44.6% of GDP
Spending
$937B · 47.7% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$61.44B · -3.1% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2001: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2001: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection41.7$390.5B
General public services13.9$130.33B
Health13.6$127.63B
Economic affairs10.7$99.82B
Education8.6$80.97B
Public order and safety3.3$30.96B
Recreation, culture and religion2.5$23.74B
Defence2.2$21.03B
Housing and community amenities2$18.76B
Environmental protection1.4$13.26B
Social protection$390.5B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age46.8$182.91B
Sickness and disability13.7$53.4B
Unemployment12.2$47.76B
Survivors11.6$45.28B
Family and children6.8$26.75B
Social protection n.e.c.3.9$15.36B
Social exclusion n.e.c.3.7$14.38B
Housing1.2$4.61B
R&D Social protection0$39.41M
General public services$130.33B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Public debt transactions48.2$62.87B
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs24.6$32.08B
General services12.9$16.78B
Basic research10.2$13.35B
Foreign economic aid2.5$3.29B
General public services n.e.c.1.4$1.79B
R&D General public services0.1$184.49M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Health$127.63B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services39.4$50.28B
Outpatient services28.2$36B
Medical products, appliances and equipment24$30.63B
Health n.e.c.6.8$8.62B
R&D Health0.9$1.2B
Public health services0.7$892.91M
Economic affairs$99.82B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport46.1$45.98B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs25.2$25.16B
Fuel and energy7.9$7.86B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting6.2$6.15B
Mining, manufacturing and construction5.6$5.57B
Other industries3.5$3.51B
Economic affairs n.e.c.3$2.98B
R&D Economic affairs2.5$2.47B
Communication0.1$130.76M
Education$80.97B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education43.6$35.34B
Pre-primary and primary education25.4$20.54B
Tertiary education20.9$16.92B
Subsidiary services to education4.1$3.31B
Education not definable by level2.9$2.35B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$1.37B
Education n.e.c.1.2$1.01B
R&D Education0.2$137.92M
Public order and safety$30.96B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services48.6$15.04B
Law courts26.9$8.32B
Fire-protection services12.5$3.88B
Prisons7.2$2.23B
Public order and safety n.e.c.4.8$1.49B
R&D Public order and safety0$895.6K
Recreation, culture and religion$23.74B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services33.2$7.89B
Broadcasting and publishing services30.7$7.29B
Recreational and sporting services27.3$6.48B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion3.3$784.55M
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.3$719.17M
Religious and other community services2.4$576.77M
Defence$21.03B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence85.6$18.01B
Foreign military aid8$1.69B
R&D Defence4.5$956.5M
Defence n.e.c.1.2$258.83M
Civil defence0.6$119.11M
Housing and community amenities$18.76B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Housing development55.6$10.43B
Community development25.2$4.73B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.9.7$1.81B
Street lighting4.9$919.78M
Water supply4.2$786.34M
R&D Housing and community amenities0.5$91.35M
Environmental protection$13.26B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste water management33.2$4.4B
Waste management32.7$4.33B
Pollution abatement14.5$1.93B
Environmental protection n.e.c.8.3$1.1B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape7.3$968.14M
R&D Environmental protection4$534.67M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2001: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2001: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions39.8$348.04B
Taxes on income and wealth24.8$217.36B
Taxes on sales, production and imports23.9$209.05B
Sales, fees and charges6.7$59.08B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)2.3$19.95B
Other transfers received1.6$14.05B
Capital transfers and taxes received0.8$7.3B
Subsidies received0.1$721.85M
Taxes on income and wealth$217.36B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income94.6$205.59B
Other taxes on wealth and income5.4$11.78B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$209.05B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax59.6$124.57B
Not broken down, or fitting no category40.4$84.48B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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