Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2019

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2019's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.86T · 46.8% of GDP
Spending
$1.8T · 45.5% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
$52.56B · 1.3% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2019: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2019: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection42.2$760.96B
Health15.7$283.21B
General public services12.4$222.92B
Economic affairs10.1$181.4B
Education9.4$169.99B
Public order and safety3.5$62.87B
Defence2.3$41.83B
Recreation, culture and religion2.2$40.52B
Environmental protection1.3$23.07B
Housing and community amenities0.9$16.3B
Social protection$760.96B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age49.3$375.13B
Sickness and disability16.4$124.99B
Survivors9.7$73.65B
Family and children8.8$67.25B
Unemployment7.7$58.86B
Social protection n.e.c.3.7$27.9B
Social exclusion n.e.c.2.8$21.25B
Housing1.6$11.81B
R&D Social protection0$137.7M
Health$283.21B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services37.8$107.16B
Outpatient services30.6$86.55B
Medical products, appliances and equipment22.7$64.36B
Health n.e.c.6.8$19.35B
R&D Health1.1$3.16B
Public health services0.9$2.63B
General public services$222.92B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs34$75.74B
General services22$49.06B
Basic research17.2$38.26B
Public debt transactions15.4$34.25B
Foreign economic aid8.9$19.94B
General public services n.e.c.2.3$5.17B
R&D General public services0.2$498.18M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$181.4B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport47.5$86.15B
Fuel and energy20.4$36.97B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs10.9$19.86B
R&D Economic affairs5.6$10.07B
Economic affairs n.e.c.4.1$7.52B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.1$7.5B
Other industries3.5$6.37B
Mining, manufacturing and construction3.4$6.19B
Communication0.4$779.17M
Education$169.99B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education36.4$61.96B
Pre-primary and primary education31.8$54.07B
Tertiary education18.8$31.88B
Subsidiary services to education7.9$13.36B
Education not definable by level2.1$3.58B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.6$2.76B
Education n.e.c.1.2$2B
R&D Education0.2$372.79M
Public order and safety$62.87B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services48.2$30.31B
Law courts24$15.1B
Fire-protection services16.4$10.32B
Prisons6$3.78B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5.3$3.33B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$34.7M
Defence$41.83B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence87.5$36.58B
Foreign military aid8.2$3.42B
R&D Defence3.1$1.3B
Defence n.e.c.0.9$392.94M
Civil defence0.3$128.74M
Recreation, culture and religion$40.52B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services37.8$15.32B
Broadcasting and publishing services27.7$11.23B
Recreational and sporting services24.7$10.03B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion5.6$2.29B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.1$832.91M
Religious and other community services2$829.55M
Environmental protection$23.07B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Pollution abatement28.5$6.57B
Waste management28$6.47B
Waste water management21$4.85B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape8.4$1.94B
R&D Environmental protection7.1$1.64B
Environmental protection n.e.c.6.9$1.6B
Housing and community amenities$16.3B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Community development47.4$7.74B
Housing development24.9$4.06B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.15.6$2.54B
Water supply7.5$1.23B
Street lighting2.7$447.8M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.8$291.07M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2019: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2019: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions36.1$669.72B
Taxes on income and wealth27.6$512.62B
Taxes on sales, production and imports23.8$441.51B
Sales, fees and charges8.6$160.24B
Other transfers received1.7$31.01B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)1.4$25.38B
Capital transfers and taxes received0.8$14.9B
Subsidies received0$261.96M
Taxes on income and wealth$512.62B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income96.7$495.74B
Other taxes on wealth and income3.3$16.88B
Taxes on sales, production and imports$441.51B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax61.9$273.28B
Not broken down, or fitting no category38.1$168.23B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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