Public budgets

Germany: public budget

What Germany's government raised and what it spent it on, from the figures its own budget laws or a statistics office publish. Solon places every figure on the same international classification, so it can be compared with any other place.

General government, 2011

Outturn: what came in and was spent

General government: central, state and local government and social security funds together, consolidated so that money passed between them is counted once, as Eurostat's government finance statistics (ESA 2010) count it.

Amounts in USD, converted from EUR at 2011's average rate (Eurostat).

Revenue
$1.7T · 44.5% of GDP
Spending
$1.73T · 45.3% of GDP
Surplus (+) or deficit (−)
-$32.12B · -0.8% of GDP

What the money is spent on

Germany, 2011: spending by function, as a share of all spending
Germany, 2011: spending by function, as a share of all spending
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social protection40.9$708.26B
Health14.7$255.28B
General public services14.7$254.94B
Economic affairs10$173.5B
Education9.4$162.08B
Public order and safety3.3$56.9B
Recreation, culture and religion2.4$41.14B
Defence2.3$39.2B
Environmental protection1.2$21.22B
Housing and community amenities1.1$19.21B
Social protection$708.26B
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
Social protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Old age49$346.74B
Sickness and disability14.8$104.66B
Unemployment10.2$71.95B
Survivors10$70.54B
Family and children8.2$57.77B
Social protection n.e.c.3.9$27.55B
Housing2.6$18.1B
Social exclusion n.e.c.1.5$10.81B
R&D Social protection0$130.85M
Health$255.28B
Health, in detail, as a share of it
Health, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Hospital services39.8$101.64B
Outpatient services28.8$73.58B
Medical products, appliances and equipment22.4$57.14B
Health n.e.c.7.2$18.34B
R&D Health1.1$2.76B
Public health services0.7$1.83B
General public services$254.94B
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
General public services, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Public debt transactions39$99.32B
Executive and legislative organs, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs24.2$61.71B
General services16.7$42.65B
Basic research12.8$32.54B
Foreign economic aid5.3$13.53B
General public services n.e.c.1.9$4.72B
R&D General public services0.2$457.97M
Transfers of a general character between different levels of government0$0
Economic affairs$173.5B
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
Economic affairs, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Transport44.4$77.04B
General economic, commercial and labour affairs17.8$30.94B
Fuel and energy13$22.52B
Economic affairs n.e.c.6.3$10.85B
R&D Economic affairs5.1$8.78B
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting4.5$7.88B
Mining, manufacturing and construction4.3$7.45B
Other industries4.1$7.08B
Communication0.6$967.44M
Education$162.08B
Education, in detail, as a share of it
Education, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Secondary education38.1$61.76B
Pre-primary and primary education26.6$43.07B
Tertiary education21.4$34.71B
Subsidiary services to education8.8$14.24B
Education not definable by level2.2$3.61B
Post-secondary non-tertiary education1.7$2.72B
Education n.e.c.1$1.66B
R&D Education0.2$317.38M
Public order and safety$56.9B
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
Public order and safety, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Police services47.7$27.14B
Law courts26.4$15.01B
Fire-protection services14$7.96B
Prisons6.8$3.87B
Public order and safety n.e.c.5.1$2.89B
R&D Public order and safety0.1$30.62M
Recreation, culture and religion$41.14B
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
Recreation, culture and religion, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Cultural services35.3$14.51B
Broadcasting and publishing services29.7$12.22B
Recreational and sporting services26$10.69B
R&D Recreation, culture and religion4.6$1.91B
Recreation, culture and religion n.e.c.2.3$929.86M
Religious and other community services2.1$876.96M
Defence$39.2B
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
Defence, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Military defence88.2$34.57B
Foreign military aid6.4$2.5B
R&D Defence3.6$1.41B
Defence n.e.c.1.2$485.81M
Civil defence0.6$224.11M
Environmental protection$21.22B
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
Environmental protection, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Waste management30.8$6.54B
Waste water management25.2$5.34B
Pollution abatement22.1$4.69B
Protection of biodiversity and landscape7.9$1.68B
Environmental protection n.e.c.7.8$1.66B
R&D Environmental protection6.2$1.32B
Housing and community amenities$19.21B
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
Housing and community amenities, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Community development42.8$8.21B
Housing development33.8$6.5B
Housing and community amenities n.e.c.12.2$2.34B
Water supply5.6$1.07B
Street lighting4.3$819.89M
R&D Housing and community amenities1.4$265.87M

Where the money comes from

Germany, 2011: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
Germany, 2011: revenue by kind, as a share of all revenue
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Social contributions36.3$616.13B
Taxes on sales, production and imports25.3$430.5B
Taxes on income and wealth25.1$425.97B
Sales, fees and charges8.6$145.81B
Income from property (interest, dividends, rent)2.3$38.66B
Other transfers received1.6$27.29B
Capital transfers and taxes received0.9$14.53B
Subsidies received0$734.98M
Taxes on sales, production and imports$430.5B
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on sales, production and imports, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Value added tax61.4$264.35B
Not broken down, or fitting no category38.6$166.15B
Taxes on income and wealth$425.97B
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
Taxes on income and wealth, in detail, as a share of it
RowValue (%)ShareNote
Taxes on income95.5$406.68B
Other taxes on wealth and income4.5$19.29B

Over the years

45.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99546 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99745.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99846.6 % of GDPRevenue · 1,99946.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00044.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00144.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00244.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00343.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00443.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00543.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00643.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00744.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00845.1 % of GDPRevenue · 2,00943.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01044.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01145 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01245.3 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01345.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01445.4 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01545.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01645.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01746.6 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01846.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,01946.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02047.5 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02146.7 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02245.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02346.8 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02447.2 % of GDPRevenue · 2,02555.2 % of GDPSpending · 1,99549.6 % of GDPSpending · 1,99648.8 % of GDPSpending · 1,99748.3 % of GDPSpending · 1,99848.5 % of GDPSpending · 1,99948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,00047.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,00148.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,00248.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00347 % of GDPSpending · 2,00446.9 % of GDPSpending · 2,00545.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00643.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,00744.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,00848.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,00948.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01045.3 % of GDPSpending · 2,01145.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,01245.2 % of GDPSpending · 2,01344.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01444.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01544.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01644.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01744.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,01845.5 % of GDPSpending · 2,01951.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02050.7 % of GDPSpending · 2,02148.6 % of GDPSpending · 2,02248.1 % of GDPSpending · 2,02349.4 % of GDPSpending · 2,024
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
Germany: revenue and spending, 1995–2025
PeriodRevenue (% of GDP)Spending (% of GDP)
1,99545.855.2
1,9964649.6
1,99745.848.8
1,99845.648.3
1,99946.648.5
2,00046.448.1
2,00144.647.7
2,00244.148.2
2,00344.748.5
2,00443.647
2,00543.546.9
2,00643.545.3
2,00743.743.5
2,00844.144.4
2,00945.148.3
2,01043.748.1
2,01144.545.3
2,0124545.1
2,01345.345.2
2,01445.244.5
2,01545.444.5
2,01645.844.7
2,01745.844.5
2,01846.644.7
2,01946.845.5
2,02046.751.1
2,02147.550.7
2,02246.748.6
2,02345.848.1
2,02446.849.4
2,02547.2
Where these figures come from

Series read from Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) on 2026-11-11.

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